WorksheetsUnit 3 Cellular Energetics AP Biology
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 30mins
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
ATP & NADH
CO2 & H2O
NADPH & ATP
Organic Compounds & O2
What is the function of the electron transport chain between Photosystem II and Photosystem I?
establish electrochemical gradient of protons
to funnel electrons into photosystem I for the Calvin cycle
transport electrons to oxygen to make water
to synthesize ATP using ATP synthase
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
thylakoid membrane
cristae
stroma
matrix
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
chloroplasts
prokaryotic plasma membrane
mitochondria
all of the choices
Which of the following are electron carriers for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
NADPH
FADH2
NADH
NADH & FADH2
Which process releases energy in glucose to form ATP, NADH, and pyruvate?
Glycolysis
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Fermentation
What is oxidation?
loss of electrons
loss of water
gain of electrons
gain of water
In the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, where is the electrochemical gradient of protons generated?
cytosol
cristae
matrix
intermembrane space
Which process does NOT require oxygen?
Glycolysis
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Aerobic respiration
Describe the pathway of electrons in the light reactions.
H2O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADPH
H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADPH
H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADH
H2O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADH
How does the active site of an enzyme determine the substrate for that enzyme?
The active site has the right polarity to interact with the substrate.
The active site is hydrophobic and interacts with other hydrophobic amino acids on the substrate
The active site has a specific shape that fits the shape of the substrate
The active site uses energy to form covalent bonds with the substrate
Enzymes ___________________ activation energy to speed up chemical reactions.
increase
decrease
Which of these factors can affect the initial rate of an enzyme reaction?
Enzyme concentration
Substrate concentration
Temperature
pH
All of the above
Based on this graph, which enzyme would function best in a basic environment?
A
B
How does a plant obtain the carbon necessary to form glucose?
Through the light reactions
From stored sugars in the roots of the plant
From the catabolic breakdown of water
Through CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere
What are the products of the light reaction directly needed by the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
H ions and carbon dioxide
Photons absorbed by chlorophyll
FADH2 and Oxygen
ATP and NADPH
Which phase of photosynthesis produces organic sugars?
The light reactions
The Calvin cycle
The link reaction
Electron transport chain
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle?
Pyruvate, water, ATP, NADH
Acetyl CoA, NADH
NADH, FADH2, carbon dioxide, ATP
ATP, glucose
What are the products of glycolysis?
Pyruvate, ATP, water, NADH
Carbon dioxide, FADH2, NADH, ATP
32 ATP
NADPH and ATP
What process creates the proton motive force in cellular respiration?
The electron transport chain
The hydrolysis of ATP
Chemiosmosis
The Citric Acid cycle
How are the ATP synthase enzymes in photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?
They both rely on chemiosmosis of hydrogens down a gradient to power phosphorylation
They are both located in the cytoplasm of the cell
They both use oxygen to create a concentration gradient
They both receive hydrogen ions from FADH2
When will lactic acid build up in animal cells?
When there is excess carbon dioxide
When the cells produce too much ATP
When there is not enough oxygen to fuel the mitochondria
When the cells need to remove excess oxygen to avoid damaging their components.
The most likely explanation for the results shown in this graph is that...
pH affects the shape of the active site of the enzyme
pH affects the temperature of the reaction
the enzyme has a quaternary structure
the enzyme has disulfide bonds
pH affects the primary structure of the enzyme
The reactions of glycolysis occur in the
cytosol
nucleus
matrix of the mitochondrion
membranes of the mitochondrion
stroma of the chloroplast
Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation?
Production of a proton gradient
Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants. Which of the following statements best supports the researcher’s claim?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels, which are formed from the remains of living organisms such as plants.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, which is a metabolic process that occurs in plants and other living organisms.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide typically enters plant leaves through stomata, which plants rely on for regulating gas exchange with the atmosphere.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds.
The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from
H2O
NADPH
RuBP (RuDP)
C6H12O6
CO2
ATP synthase will not function without:
Electron Gradient
Proton Gradient
Phospholipid Bilayer
Active Transport
Spatial separation of steps of the calvin cycle is a modification of
C3 plants
C4 plants
CAM plants
Temporal separation of steps of the calvin cycle is a modification of
C3 plants
C4 plants
CAM plants
Which of the following is the correct order for aerobic cell respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Pyruvate Oxidation and ETC
Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs Cycle and ETC
Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs Cycle, ETC and Glycolysis
ETC, Pyruvate Oxidation, Glycolysis, and Krebs Cycle
Which stage of Aerobic Cell Respiration produces the most ATP?
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidation
Krebs Cycle
ETC and oxidative phosphorilation
Which is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Rubisco
Glucose
Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?
an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell
an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it
an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized
Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid.
Based on this information, which of the following is correct?
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate.
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate.
Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product.
Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor.
organism referred to?
Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct?
Thylakoids are assembled into stacks.
Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes.
The space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma.
Thylakoids contain chlorophyll.
Energy released from electrons during ETC, is used to ...
Pump protons from the interior of thylakoids to the stroma
Pump protons from the stroma to the interior of thylakoids
Break a water molecule (photolysis)
reduce the proton gradient inside the thylakoid
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial chemiosmosis is NOT true?
A proton gradient is established across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
The potential energy released from the mitochondrial proton gradient is used to produce ATP.
The mitochondrial proton gradient provides energy for muscle contraction.
Proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane play an important role in ATP synthesis.
Heat energy is required to establish the electron transport chain.
During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill (losing energy) in which sequence?
food-citric acid-ATP-NAD+
food-NADH-electron transport chain-oxygen
glucose-pyruvate-ATP-oxygen
glucose-ATP-electron transport chain-NADH
food-glycolysis-citric acid cycle-NADH-ATP
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one electron transport molecule to another and are finally accepted by
an oxygen molecule
a molecule of carbon dioxide
a molecule of water
ADP
A researcher proposes a model of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in which a reactant is converted to a product. The model is based on the idea that the reactant passes through a transition state within the enzyme-substrate complex before the reactant is converted to the product.
Which of the following statements best helps explain how the enzyme speeds up the reaction?
The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the reactant, which decreases the free-energy change of the reaction.
The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the transition state, which decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the product, which increases the amount of energy released by the reaction.
The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes both the reactant and the product at the same time, which increases the reaction’s equilibrium constant.
If a mutation occurs in a DNA sequence that codes for an enzyme, what is the most likely result?
There will likely be no change in the shape and function of the enzyme.
The enzyme will most likely fold in a way that makes its shape incompatible with the substrate and the enzyme will not function correctly.
The enzyme will not be produced at all.
The enzyme will have an enhanced ability to bind with the substrate.
A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?
As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration (fermentation), which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.
The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.
A researcher claims that a certain herbicide suppresses plant growth by inhibiting chloroplast function. To test the claim, the researcher treats isolated chloroplasts with increasing concentrations of the herbicide. The data from the experiment are presented in Table 1.
Which of the following statements best clarifies how the data support the researcher’s claim?
The thylakoid membrane is more permeable to carbon dioxide than to polar molecules.
ATP synthase activity depends on a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
Some enzymes embedded in the thylakoid membrane catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP.
Carbon fixation in the Calvin-Benson cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts.
What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?
to produce ATP
to load up electron carriers
to produce water
to produce carbon dioxide
