Italian Physician

• School Human Physiognomy

• Facial feature in relation to human behavior

• Swiss Theologian

• True character could read from facial features

• Cranioscopy - personality, mental, moral faculties external shape of skull

• Renamed to Phrenology

• Phrenology indicates the brain parts related to criminal behavior.

• Criminal characteristics where inherited.

• German Phrenologist

• Assistant of Gall

• Popularizing and Spreading Phrenology

study of build relation to temperament and personality to its type of offense prone to commit.

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF PHYSIQUES by Kretchemer:

Lean, slightly built narrow shoulders, fraud and thievery.

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF PHYSIQUES by Kretchemer:

medium tall, strong muscular, violence

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF PHYSIQUES by Kretchemer:

medium height, rounded figures, broad face, deception, fraud, violence

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF PHYSIQUES by Sheldon:

round body, large digestive.

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF PHYSIQUES by Sheldon:

large wrist and hands.

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF PHYSIQUES by Sheldon:

fragile, small face, fine hair

Jukes Family - Ada Jukes (Mother of Criminals)

Kallikak Family – feebleminded

human behavior is caused by structural factors that comprise one's environment

Father of Psychoanalysis

COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY

pleasure principle

COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY

reality principle

COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY

Moral conscience

Parts of Superego

tells what is right or wrong

Parts of Superego

morally acceptable and acceptable and responsible behaviors.

MODERN EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR:

disadvantage of economic class position as a primary cause of crime

Fam, school church and barangay are weak disorganized.

Robert king - Frustration, anger and resentment

Criminal caused of learned beliefs response to social condition.

MODERN EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR:

people interaction with organizations, institution and process

Crime product of learning values and behaviors.

Edwin Sutherland - Criminality function of a learning process

Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with others is a process of communication

• Principal part of learning criminal behavior occurs within an intimate personal group.

• When learned, learning includes techniques

Behavior persists on degree to which it was rewarded or punished.

People enter into law-violating careers and organized personalities around labels. Negative have dramatic influence on self-image of offenders.

MODERN EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR:

obey the law cause of behavior and passion controlled by internal and external forces.

Application of science to law. Give light to certain legal issues. Analyze and examine evidences from crime scenes to develop findings that assist investigations.

application of science of solving problems in administration of justice. Physical evidence that can be collected, preserved, examined and compared.

Latin word “ forensis” means

• Australian magistrate

• “Search for truth” ultimate goal of investigative works.

• Father of Criminalistics

• Father of Toxicology

• Father of Criminalistics in US

• Head of first comprehensive Crime Laboratory in Los Angeles US

Every crime scene leaves traces that will identify its author.

• Father of Poroscopy

Physical evidence do not lie

• Principle of Res Ipsa Loquitor

• Father of Questioned Document

Father of Personal Identification

• Law of Multiplicity of Evidence - Greater number of similarities and dissimilarities: the greater the possibility of conclusion to be correct.

• Father of Mugshot

first scientific method of personal identification done by measuring bony structure of human body.

Methods of Identification:

two or more person have to be identified and all then those not established may be known in process of elimination.

Methods of Identification:

standard specimens, compared to effect.

Characteristics that may not easily changed:

Characteristics that easily be changed:

Types of Gait (manner of walking):

zombie

Types of Gait (manner of walking):

intoxicated by alcohol

Types of Gait (manner of walking):

knock knee

Types of Gait (manner of walking):

short step feet dragged

Types of Gait (manner of walking):

stiff manner

Types of Gait (manner of walking):

duck

Types of Gait (manner of walking):

infantile paralysis

First taught fingerprint in the Philippines

First Filipino Fingerprint Technician

first conviction base on Fingerprint and leading case decision in PH Jurisprudence

Phil. College of Criminology, first government recognize school to teach the science fingerprint and other police sciences.

first Filipina chopchop lady who was identified through fingerprint.

dactyl finger and spoken study to examine

scientific study of identification

skin pattern derma means skin and glyph means carve

Various Conditions of Fingerprint:

10 or more

Various Conditions of Fingerprint:

enlarge finger

Various Conditions of Fingerprint:

small finger

Various Conditions of Fingerprint:

missing finger

Various Conditions of Fingerprint:

side fusion

Basic Principle of Fingerprint:

can't be same. No person has same fingerprint

Basic Principle of Fingerprint:

positive or reliable means can't be forged

Basic Principle of Fingerprint:

friction ridges (lines on finger) will remain same

first joint of fingers and thumb on smooth surface through media or ink visible Latin print

study prints of hand

study of arrangement of sweat glands Edmond Locard

study of footprints

slides of hand ridges

skeletal finger covered friction skin

base of the finger nearest palm

next above basal bone

near the tip different types of the finger

epidermal hairless skin ventral or lower space hands covered with ridges

Components of Friction skin:

black line

Components of Friction skin:

white line

Components of Friction skin:

outer layer opening dots

Components of Friction skin:

passage way

Components of Friction skin:

producer of sweat intestine

Fingerprint Pattern:

5% pattern without ridge count

pattern ridges flow from one side to other with slight raise at the center

pattern up trust or incomplete loop form

Fingerprint Pattern:

35% two or more deltas

At least one complete circuiting ridge

touching or crossed imaginary line traversing between 2 deltas

nor circuiting ridge within the pattern area is touched o crosses

two separate loop form, distinct shoulder and two deltas

two deltas, combination of two different patterns with exception of plain arch

Greek word “Phos” means

Art of science producing image through sensitized material using lenses and chemical process.

principles of photography are relation to police work and administration of justice.

chemical and mechanical result of positive photograph

Latin “pictura” or pictus means

material showing latent image on transparent material use for positive printing

Uses of Photography:

first application of photography in police work

Uses of Photography:

universal method considering no other language

Uses of Photography:

utmost used in police work

Uses of Photography:

crime scene and physical evidence

Uses of Photography:

extend human vision

Uses of Photography:

evidence presented once accepted known as exhibit. Exhibit 1, 2, 3 for defense or exhibit a, b, c for the prosecution.

Size about 5” x 7” for enlargement purposes

Uses of Photography:

Video cameras and advanced photographic equipment being detected easily and extent of from initially occurring.

Uses of Photography:

instructional material for promotion in facilities as well as agencies

Uses of Photography:

number of reproductions of evidence allow experts to examine specimen without compromising the original

Essential of Photography:

tight box block unwanted light

Essential of Photography:

light gathering mechanism reflected from the object

Essential of Photography:

source of natural or artificial positioned

Essential of Photography:

reducing silver halides into latent image and positive image

Essential of Photography:

chemical compound capable transformed into image

Types of Camera:

smallest and simplest type of camera

Types of Camera:

best suited for police work interchangeability of lens

Types of Camera:

dual lens, one for focusing and another forming image

Types of Camera:

biggest and expensive use for movie making

Types of Camera:

immediately produce positive prints

Different Views in Photographing:

over-all scene of crime. Shows direction and location

Different Views in Photographing:

medium range dividing into section. Best view of nature of crime

Different Views in Photographing:

Short range mug shot. Individual photograph of evidence at the scene to show details.

Different Views in Photographing:

Laboratory using magnification such photomicrography and photomicrography.

Magnification:

Minute detail

Reducing small strip film, a scenario.

Magnification:

enlarged magnified small object by extended tube lens. Extreme closeups of something small.

Magnification:

far object with aid of long focus and telephoto lens

Magnification:

reduced image