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A&P - 6.1-6.6 - 2026 - Skeletal histology & physiology

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Blood cell formation is called ___.

a)

hematocrit

b)

homozygous

c)

heterozygous

d)

hematopoiesis

2.

Which means “to break?”

a)

-blast

b)

-clast

c)

osteo-

d)

-phage

3.

What are small needle-like pieces of bone with lots of open spaces in spongy bone?

a)

mesenchyme

b)

lamellae

c)

lacuna

d)

trabeculae

4.

Match bone shapes

a)

parietal & temporal skull bones

1.

flat bones

b)

cube-like bone shape

2.

short bones

c)

patella

3.

sesamoid bone

d)

vertebra

4.

irregular bone

e)

femur & radius

5.

long bones

5.

Where in bone does hematopoiesis occur?

a)

central medullary cavity

b)

red bone marrow

c)

diaphysis

d)

periosteum

6.

Match PTH & Calcitonin

a)

PTH is secreted from the parathyroid gland

when blood calcium levels are too ____.

1.

low

b)

Calcitonin is secreted from the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are too ____.

2.

high

c)

PTH & Calcitonin are ___.

3.

hormones

7.

What is the end of bone nearest to the torso?

a)

proximal epiphysis

b)

distal epiphysis

8.

Which is a rare disorder caused by any one of a number of faulty genes that results in either too little collagen formation or a poor quality of collagen and causes the bone matrix to have decreased flexibility and be more easily broken than normal bone?

a)

osteogenesis imperfecta

b)

rickets

c)

scurvy

d)

osteoporosis

9.

What are mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts?

a)

osteoclasts

b)

osteocytes

c)

adipocytes

d)

erythrocytes

10.

Reorder the process of making bone cells

a)

osteoprogenitor cells

b)

osteoblast

c)

osteocyte

1)
2)
3)
11.

Which are ultramicroscopic links that connect the lacunae to one another and the central canal?

a)

canaliculi

b)

osteocyte

c)

linkaculi

d)

lamellae

12.

What is also called a perforating canal, connect bones cells with one another, and links the central canals of osteons?

a)

Haversian canal

b)

Volkmann's canal

13.

What is primarily collagen (90% of bone protein), which gives bone its high tensile strength?

a)

osteoid

b)

osteocyte

c)

osteoblast

d)

osteoclast

14.

Anatomical Position= standing ​ (a)   with the face directed ​ (b)   , the arms hanging to the side,

and the palms facing forward.

Choose from the below words
erect
forward
sideways
upsidedown
upside down
15.
Question Image

Interpret the diagram

a)

A

1.

osteoblast

b)

B

2.

osteocyte

c)

osteoprogenitor cell

3.

developed from stem cell

16.

categorize bone types

Categorize the following

humerus

carpals

skull

ribs

appendicular
axial
17.

Identify the BIG red arrow's structure

a)

diaphysis

b)

epiphysis

18.

Identify "A"

a)

lamellae

b)

lacuna

c)

osteocyte

d)

canaliculi

19.

Identify "C"

a)

lamellae

b)

lacuna

c)

canaliculi

d)

epiphysis

20.

Match bone structure & composition

a)
1.

Haversian canal

b)
2.

periosteum

c)
3.

lamellae

21.
An osteocyte "lives" in __.
a)
lacunae
b)
lamellae
c)
Haversian canals
d)
Volkmann's canals
22.
The functional unit that makes up compact bone is called the
a)
Osteon
b)
Trabeculae
c)
Central Canal
d)
Osteocyte
23.

The typical adult skeleton has how many bones?

a)

155

b)

206

c)

250

d)

433

e)

600

24.

Which of the following is NOT a classification term for bones?

a)

Long

b)

Short

c)

Irregular

d)

Flat

e)

Symmetrical

25.
Which of the following is filled with yellow marrrow? 
a)
medulary cavity
b)
spongy bone
c)
periosteum
d)
compact bone
26.
Bone forming cells are called...
a)
osteoblasts
b)
osteocytes
c)
osteoclasts
d)
osteons
27.

Which ossification produces flat bones?

a)

Endochondral ossification

b)

Intramembranous ossification

28.

Appositional growth is when the bone

a)

thickens

b)

elongates

29.

The process of bone formation is called

a)

nitrification

b)

ossification

c)

ammonification

d)

calcification

30.

In long bones, bone tissue first begins to replace hyaline cartilage in the center of the diaphysis or the...

(a)   . After this, blood vessels infiltrate the epiphyses and bone tissue forms at the ​ (b)   . This process is called ​ (c)  

Choose from the below words
primary ossification center
secondary ossification center
endochondral ossification
articular cartilage
chondrocyte differentiation
intramembranous ossification
31.

In a fetus, which bones ossify first?

a)

carpals

b)

skull

32.
The continuous breakdown and reforming of bone tissue is called ______.
a)
remodeling
b)
rebuilding
c)
rehabituation
d)
renewl
33.

Match the following Fractures

a)
1.

Oblique

b)
2.

Spiral

c)
3.

Impaction

d)
4.

Greenstick

34.

Select all the apply

Select the 4 cells that are associated with bone health & remodeling

a)

Osteoprogenitor

b)

Lacunae

c)

Osteocyte

d)

Osteoblast

e)

Osteoclast

35.
Osteogenesis means...
a)
to break down bone
b)
to make new bone
c)
to maintain bone
d)
to make muscle
36.

In a fetus, flat bones ossify first.

How is this an adaptation?

*Adaptations are helpful

a)

protection of internal organs

b)

ability to walk

c)

synthesis of vitamin D

d)

filtering waste and producing bile

37.

A baby has _____ bones at birth.

a)

65

b)

about 300

c)

206

d)

about 6,200

38.

% of bone calcium is exchanged each year

a)

3-5 %

b)

75-77 %

c)

85 - 90 %

d)

50-60 %

39.

What is the formation of blood cells called?

a)

Hematoma

b)

Hematocrit

c)

Hippopotamus

d)

Hematopoiesis

40.

What are the five functions of the skeletal system?

a)

Support

Protection

Insulation

Transmitting Signals

Breathing

b)

Support

Protection

Movement

Storage

Manufacturing

c)

Regulating Temp

Digestion

Support

Protection

Circulation

d)

Heat Production

Movement

Storage

Immunity

Manufacturing

41.

"A" = ?

a)

process

b)

facet

42.

Match general features of bone

a)
1.

main part

b)
2.

constriction between head & body

c)
3.

smooth round articular surface

d)
4.

branch off body

43.

What does "C" of ACL stand for?

a)

Cruciate

b)

Collateral

c)

Connective

d)

Condyle

44.

Match the following joints

a)
1.

suture

b)
2.

ball & socket

c)
3.

hinge

45.

Match joint classifications

a)

Synarthroses

1.

immovable

b)

Amphiarthroses

2.

slightly movable

c)

Diarthroses

3.

movable

46.

Match the following

a)

Osteoid (the organic material of bone)

1.

-Provides flexibility (the "glue")

b)

Mineral salts (inorganic material of bone)

2.

Provides bone strength and hardness (the stuff that sticks to the "glue")

c)

Hormones that maintain calcium levels

3.

Calcitonin and parathyroid

47.

What are the 4 things that affect bone growth and development?

**Select FOUR

a)

nutrition

b)

sunlight

c)

exercise

d)

hormones

e)

metamorphic

48.

Hormones affect bone growth. The effects of estrogen on the epiphyseal plate is somewhat _____ than that of testosterone.

a)

stronger

b)

weaker

49.

The prepatellar bursa is inflamed in the image on the right, shown in red.

What is inflammation of bursa?

a)

suturitis

b)

patellitis

c)

mellitus

d)

bursitis

50.

What are discs of fibrocartilage between articulating surfaces of some synovial joints?

a)

menisci

b)

bursa

c)

sutures

d)

tibia

51.
Question Image

Match the following parts of the synovial joint

a)

A

1.

synovial cavity

b)

B

2.

bursa

c)

C

3.

tendon

d)

D

4.

articular cartilage

e)

E

5.

ligament

52.

Examples of a Ball & Socket Joint are found in the ___ and ___.

*Select 2 answers.

a)

Shoulder

b)

Knee

c)

Hip

d)

Ankle

53.

Match the following

a)
1.

process

b)
2.

foramen

c)
3.

meatus

d)
4.

sinus

54.

Match bone structure openings & projection

a)

process

1.

prominent projection

b)

foramen

2.

hole

c)

meatus

3.

canal, tunnel

d)

sinus

4.

cavity

55.

What term best describes the movement in the picture?

a)

Adduction

b)

Abduction

56.
Turning the foot so the plantar surfaces faces medially.
a)
eversion
b)
inversion
57.

Identify the joint action being performed.

a)

Inversion

b)

Eversion

58.
Identify the joint action being performed.
a)
Plantarflexion
b)
Dorsiflexion
59.
Identify the joint action being performed.
a)
Abduction
b)
Adduction
60.
Identify the joint action being performed.
a)
Abduction
b)
Adduction
61.

Which movement is shown in the picture?

a)

circumduction

b)

rotation

62.

Hip Extension

a)
b)
63.

Joint movements?

a)
1.

Hip Flexion

b)
2.

Hip Extension

c)

3.

dorsiflexion

64.

pointing toes toward the ground

a)

dorsiflexion

b)

plantarflexion

65.

Match bone joint terms

a)
Supination
1.

Palm turns from posterior to anterior

b)
Pronation
2.

Palm turns from anterior to posterior

c)

ACL

3.

anterior cruciate ligament

d)

MCL

4.

medial collateral ligament

66.

What knee ligament is torn in this image?

It is located toward the center of the body. It is opposite the LCL.

**It is highlighted in pinkish/red.

a)

ACL

b)

MCL

c)

PCL

67.

Which ligament is torn in this image?

It attaches the femur and fibula.

It is located towards the outside of the body, opposite the MCL.

a)

ACL

b)

LCL

c)

PCL

68.

Match joint movement terms.

a)

origin

1.

less movable end

b)

insertion

2.

more movable end

c)

elevation

3.

raising (shrugging) the shoulders

d)

depression

4.

lowering (drooping) the shoulders

69.

Match bone ridges

a)

line

1.

low ridge

b)

crest (crista)

2.

prominent ridge

c)

spine

3.

very high ridge

70.

Match bone structure openings & projection

a)

process

1.

prominent projection

b)

foramen

2.

hole

c)

meatus

3.

canal, tunnel

d)

sinus

4.

cavity

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