Immunity includes five:

(a)  

is to recognize self from nonself to defend the body against that nonself or foreign materials

(a)  

are foreign objects that elicit an immune response

(a)  

The lymphoid organs are classified into two:

(a)  

site of maturation for T and B cells.

(a)  

- site of proliferation and differentiation of T and B cells

(a)  

are capable of responding to certain antigens with the production of specific lymphocytes and plasma cells.

(a)  

is recognized, processed, and bound to antigen sensitive lymphocytes.

(a)  

Natural Immunity

(a)  

Acquire or Adaptive Immunity)

(a)  

There are four reflexes in the body:

(a)  

Combination of cellular and non-cellular components of the body

(a)  

A nonspecific defense mechanism that comes into play immediately within hours of antigen appearance in the body

(a)  

It is the ability of an individual to resist any infection by means of (a)   body function

Factors that affect NI

(a)  

Four types of defense barriers:

(a)  

does not have memory

(a)  

does have memory

(a)  

Innate immunity / non adaptive immunity

(a)  

Specific and Adaptive immunity

(a)  

This type of resistance is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen or microbial agent.

(a)  

This type of immunity depends on how resistant it is to the antigen that comes in the body. If the foreign material is strong, the immunity of the body will also give the same power; unlike in natural immunity it will still be the same protection, it will only give the same power even if the foreign material is strong.

(a)  

This immunity only comes out after exposure to a given substance

(a)  

The antibody production is done by the body (the one who produces antibody; to produce antibody, there should be an antigen).

(a)  

Not done by the body. - No active role and no antigen stimulus. - Antibody production - Employed at urgent cases - Less effective than active immunity

(a)  

- Advantage: long-term immunity. - Disadvantage: slow response to foreign materials or antigens.

(a)  

- Advantage: fast response - Disadvantage: short term (two weeks)

(a)  

We need disease or infection as this will serve as antigen; hence, will produce antibodies.

(a)  

Transfer in vivo or colostrum

(a)  

The antibody being transferred in vivo is the

(a)  

The antibody being transferred through colostrum (breastmilk) is

(a)  

Immunization and vaccination.

(a)  

Immunoglobulin administration

(a)  

prophylaxis and therapy

(a)  

target of neutrophils

(a)  

together with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Halide aids in killing bacteria.

(a)  

Myeloperoxidase is called (burst)

(a)  

Lysozyme or

(a)  

this is present in the primary and secondary and degrades bacterial cell walls.

(a)  

iron binding glycoprotein that competes with bacteria for iron. It also promotes polymorphonuclear adherence to endothelial cells.

(a)  

Phagocytosis and killing of foreign materials for infectious agents

(a)  

what does lactoferrin promote

(a)  

MBP:

(a)  

target: Parasitic infections

(a)  

(a)   protein that plays a major role in killing parasites

Basophil circulates but when it is in tissue already, it is called

(a)  

Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions

(a)  

Prevents blood clotting

(a)  

play a role in anticoagulant, can also modulate inflammatory and immunologic processes.

(a)  

monocytes goes to tissues are called

(a)  

targets microbes, tumors and parasites

(a)  

stimulates T cell growth)

(a)  

stimulates B cells)

(a)  

Tumor necrosis factor

(a)  

The killing activity is enhanced when the macrophages become activated by contacting microorganisms or chemical messengers called the

(a)  

The cytokines are released by

(a)  

they secrete IL 1 and IL 6

(a)  

most important / most potent phagocytic cell in the body

(a)  

There are many phagocytic cells but the main are:

(a)  

Phagocytes antigen and present it to t helper cells

(a)  

dendritic cells in skin and mucous membrane

(a)  

found in major organs like heart, lungs, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract.

(a)  

found in T lymphocytes in secondary mucoid tissue and thymus

(a)  

Responds in virus and tumor cells

(a)  

ADCC

(a)  

NK cells directly destroy antibody coated target cells and termed as

(a)  

non specific plasma proteins or soluble factors

(a)  

this immunity comes out with or without prior exposure

(a)  

Nonspecific serum components that enhance the effect of antibodies.

(a)  

complement plays a (a)   of antigen by the specific antibody)

Complement is activated by

(a)  

(No matter what pathway it is, the last result is

(a)  

coating of antigen by antibody to present it for effective phagocytosis

(a)  

Activates immune system

(a)  

Major component of neutrophils

(a)  

Enzyme with antibacterial activity found in ears, saliva, and other secretions

(a)  

serum proteins with complementary (C3) and magnesium ions.

(a)  

Heat stable cationic substance

(a)  

where does cytokines are released

(a)  

produced mainly by macrophages or monocytes.

(a)  

gram positive stain bacteria except

(a)  

Principal mediator of the host response to gram negative bacteria

(a)  

is produced by macrophages and NK cells; this is for local inflammation and endothelial activation

(a)  

is produced by T and B cells; this is for killing and serves as endothelial activation

(a)  

tnf alpha

(a)  

family of death properties

(a)  

Acts as antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and antineoplastic agents

(a)  

major producer of nk cells

(a)  

rna fibroblast interferon

(a)  

- major macrophage activator which is produce immunological stimulated lymphocytes

(a)  

combination of alpha and beta; early innate response to viral infections

(a)  

composed of gamma interferon; serves a critical function in innate immunity

(a)  

are produced by the liver in response to the pro inflammatory cytokines

(a)  

apr

(a)  

CRP

(a)  

saa

(a)  

plasma proteins that decrease in response to inflammation;

(a)  

Plasma proteins that increase at least 25% during the acute phase response of inflammation

(a)  

give two proteins that increase inflammation

(a)  

First line of defense system

(a)  

Physical and structural barriers that prevent most infectious agents from entering the body

(a)  

Promotes inflammation and phagocytosis

(a)  

Overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by an infectious agen

(a)  

rubor-calor-dolor-tumor

(a)  

loss of function

(a)  

– a) increased blood supply in infected area which is why it cause rubor and calor

(a)  

migration of WBCs, mainly neutrophil to the surrounding tissue

(a)  

– initiated by fibroblast proliferation and result in any of the three: a) Affected area may be totally repaired, b) Injury (a)   formation of access with some loss of function, c) A granuloma

Most important function of the internal defense system, which results in destruction foreign cells and organisms

(a)  

who discovered phagocytosis

(a)  

initiated as as result of tissue damage because of trauma or a as a result of microorganism multiplication; activated phagocyte has increased service receptors that allowed adherence

(a)  

process of phagocytosis where cell moves in a certain direction under the stimulation

(a)  

chemotaxis: towards stimulation

(a)  

chemotaxis: away from stimulation

(a)  

test for chemotaxis

(a)  

after bacteria goes near to infectious agent, they are being engulfed by phagocytes

(a)  

happens in minutes particle that contains hydro lipids, enzymes, and peroxidases that approach phagosome; the cells became degranulated as foreign materials are digested

(a)