Worksheetstest 3
Total questions: 103
Worksheet time: 52mins
When sodium ions are reabsorbed through he we all of the renal tubule by active transport, chloride ions are
reabsorbed by passive transport
reabsorbed by active transport
secreted by active transport
secreted by passive transport
The counter current mechanism functions primarily in the
renal corpuscle
proximal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule
nephron loop
The hormone ADH promotes water reabsorption through the wall of the
distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
ascending limb of the nephron loop
descending loop of the nephron loop
Most hydrogen ions are secreted
passively into the proximal convoluted tubule
passively from the distal convoluted tubule
actively into the entire renal tubule
actively from the distal convoluted tubule
Which of the following would increase the rebate of glomuler filtrationrate
decrease blood pressure
increase blood pressure
constricted afferent arteriole
dialated efferent arteriole
In which of the following regions of the nephrons is water actively transported
proximal convoluted tubule
descending limb of the nephron loop
collecting duct
paratubular capillaries
distal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is an abnormal constituent of urine?
urea
uric acid
creatinine
water
none of the above
Which choice describes the counter current mechanism of the nephron loop
water moves out of the ascending limb; sodium moves in the ascending limb
water moves int he ascending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb
water moves out of the descending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb
water moves in the descending limb; sodium moves out of the descending limb
In the disease gout plasma has excess
uric acid
urea
calcium ions
amino acids
hemoglobin
As a result of very low arterial blood pressure, glomuler hydrostatic pressure
rises and filtration increases
rises and filtration decreases
drops and filtration increases
drops and filtration decreases
The counter current mechanism in the nephron
creates a highly concentrated interstitial fluid so that urine can be concentrated by the collecting ducts when they are permeable to water
is a method to move sodium to control its concentration
keeps the volume of water lost in urine relatively constant
keeps interstitial fluid hydrated to maintain blood pressure
Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes sodium ions to be
excreted and water to be conserved
excreted and water to be excreted
conserved and water to be conserved
conserved and water to be excreted
Michael is 26 years old, he becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough. His infant son Shawn however becomes dehydrated fairly frequently. This difference in susceptibility is because
adult drink more liquid
infant grow rapidly
infant kidneys are less able to conserve water
the infant thirst mechanism is underdeveloped
A renal clearance test determines the rate at which the kidneys can
excrete water
reabsorbed ions
remove a particular substance from the blood
restore the correct Ph of the blood
An increase in glomuler osmotic pressure ____ the rate of glomuler filtration
increases
decreases
does not change
has a variable effect on
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys
maintain volume, ph and composition of body fluid within norma ranges
removal of excess chemicals
removal of metabolic wastes
synthesis of plasma proteins
The organs of the urinary system are
renal cortex, renal pelvis, renal medulla
glomuler capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, collecting duct
kidney, ureter, bladders and urethras
paired kidneys, paired ureters, bladder, and a urethra
Athlete might abuse which of the following chemical made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production
Adh
epo erethropoientin
glomuler filtrate
urea
Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys
the right kidney is usually higher than left
they are located behind the parietal peritoneum
their upper borders are up about the level of the third lumbar vertebrae
they are against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity
A renal corpuscle includes the
glomerulos and glomuler capsule
glomerulas an renal tubule
glomerular capsule and renal tubule
renal tubule and collecting tubule
Which of the following indicated the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end
PCT, ascending limb, descending limb, DCT,
DCT, ascending limb, descending limb, PCT
PCT, descending limb, ascending limb, DCT
collecting duct, PCT, descending limb, ascending limb, DCT
A nephron consists of
renal corpuscle and adrenal tubule
afferent and efferent arteriole
cortex and a medulla
bladder and a ureter
A biochemical important in glamorous formation in the embryo is
Adh
Adp
renin
aquaporin
VEGF
The renal medulla is composed of _____ whereas the renal cortex is composed of _____
renal pyramids, ureters from nephrons
renal columns, renal pyramids and nephrons
collecting tubules; paratubular capillaries from nephrons
renal pyramids; nephron tubules
A renal corpuscle is a _____ whereas a renal tubule is a _____
cluster of blood capillaries and glomuler capsule ; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomuler capsule
special blood cell in the kidneys; tubule that leads from the kindeys to the bladder
Podocytes and pedicels are part of the
collecting duct
DCT
urethra
paratubular capillaries
part of the glomuler capsule
The first capillary bed associated with the nephron
filters
reabsorbs
adjusts ph
forms urine
Once in the glomerulus filtrate moves into the
renal pelvis
renal calix
renal tubule
ureter
The reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through he walls of the
glomurulur capsule
nephron loop
PCT
DCT
When plasma glucose concentration exceeds the threshold
found in urine
reabsorbed
Conscious control of micturition inhibits the micturition reflex by using nerve centers in the
medulla oblongota
spinal cord
brain stem and cerebral cortex
pons and hypothalamus
Nocturnal enuresis
a type of hormone made int he heart
bedwetting
kidney damage from a toxin that e. coli produces
kidney cancer
The micturition reflec can be voluntarily controlled by thereflex
person controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter valve
sympathetic impulses stimulating the internal urethereal sphincter valve
cerebral cortex stimulation stimulating or inhibiting the external urethreal valve
voluntary contractions or inhibition of the prostate gland
Females are at higher risk of contracting a UTI becuase
the female urethra is shorter than the males
the female urethra is longer than the males
women sit down to urinate
women use TP when they urinate
Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of
uric acid
calcium oxillate
cholesterol
magnesium phosphate
Kidney cells die as early as age
20
30
40
50
Kidney shrinkage with age is due to
spooling of collecting ducts
loss of glomeruli
merging of P and D CT
proliferating nephron loops
Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system
decreased AFR
renal tubules become encased in fat
fibrous connective tissue accumulates around the kidney capsule
nephrons invert
Chronic glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the
glomerular capsule
paratubular capillaries
glomerular capillaries
collecting ducts
Chemodialysis is also called
artificial kidney
bionic nephron
a kidney transplant
bone marrow transplant
During a kidney transplant procedure the rank artery and vein of the donor kidney are connected to the recipients
renal artery and vein
iliac artery and vein
aorta and interior vena cava
aorta and portal vein
As a consequence of widespread edema blood volume
increases and blood pressure drops
decreases and blood pressure drops
increases and blood pressure rises
decreases and blood pressure rises
The new parents are stunned at the state of their newborn sons diaper., IT IS BLUE. What might be the cause of the odd diaper stain
Adh deficiency
A defect in transport of the amino acid tryptophan in the small intestine
a buildup of uric acid in the blood
the baby ate a crayon
The relative concentration of potassium is
higher in urine then plasma or glomerular filtrate
higher in plasma and glomerular filtrate than in urien
about equal in plasma, filtrate, and urine
lower in urine than in plasma or filtrate
Secretion of atrial natriaretic
decreases sodium excretion
increases sodium excretion
decreases potassium excretion
increases potassium excretion
Auto regulation refers to
maintains constant GFR
secretion of atrial natriuretic at a constant rate
secretion of renin at a constant rate
getting Delivery Location renewed
At the renal plasma threshold
more glucose is in the filtrate than active transport can handle
blood volume is so great that nephrons can not keep up
the urine has too little glucose
hemodialysis is needed
Marvin goes on vacation to Maine and for a week eats nothing but seafood. The next week he experiences intense pain in his big toe. He probably has
balkin endemic
diary’s is
edema
gout
Extra corporeal shockwave lithotripsy is used to treat
kidney faulre
UTI
Kidney stones
i continue en
The layers of a ureter are
outer fibrous coat, middle muscular coat, inner mucus coat
inner fibrous coat, middle muscular coat, inner mucus coat
inner muscular coat, middle fibrous coat, outer inner mucus coat
inner vascular coat, middle neural coat, outer mucus coat
The _____ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body
ureter
urethra
collecting duct
afferent arteriole
The ureter extends downward
behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above
behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder form below
in front of the parietal peritoneum and j ions the urinary bladder from above
in front of the parietal peritoneum
The micturition reflex center is in teh
sacral segments of the spinal cord
medulla oblongota
pons
hypothalamus
Which of the following is not part of the male urethra
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
penile urethra
ductus deferens
The trigone is
a group of three neighboring nephrons in a kidney
a triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder
a region where the glomerulus meets the glomerular capsule
part of the balkans
Detrusor muscle is in the
ureter
urethra
brain
urinary bladder
Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron
calix, renal pelvis, ureter urinary bladder urethra
renal pelvis, calix, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
renal pelvis, calix, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
renal pelvis, calix, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder
Filtration rate in the glomerulus is increased by
vasodilation of the afferent arteriole only
vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole only
both vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
both vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
The juxtaglomerulur apparatus regulates the filtration rate by _____ and by _____
vasodilation by the afferent arteriole; increasing osmotic pressure in the glomerulus capsule
vasoconstriction of the paratubular capillary; dilation of the collecting duct
vasodilation of the afferent arteriole; renin angiotensin 2 vasoconstriction g the renal artery
vasoconstricting of the afferent arteriole; vasoc
An adaptation of the epithileal cells of the PCT for reabsorption is
thin walls
rugae folds
secreting enzymes that activate absorption of substances
microscopic projections of microvilli
A decrease in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure of a glomerular capsule will _____ the rate of glomerular filtration
increase
decrease
not change
The composition of glomerular filtrate differs from that of plasma by including
many different substances that are absent from plasma
the same substances as plasma except for larger protein molecules
less water and electrolytes than does plasma
much more uric acid and creatinine than plasma
Glomerular filtration produces about ___j liters of fluid in 24 hours
40
96
144
180
An increase in urine volume is termed
aneurysis
dialysis
diurysis
urinary edema
If glucose is not reabsorbed in the tubular fluid ____ increases
hydrostatic pressure
glomerular filtration rate
the rate fo urine production
the osmotic concentration
water channels in cell membranes formed by ______ are a result of ADH signaling in the kidneys
podocytes
cytopores
aquaporins
pyrogens
Which of the following is not a diuretic
caffeine
chocolate
alcohol
tea
Linda drinks a 20oz venti sugar free non fat caffe latte on her way to work and has to urinate about a half hour later
a venti is a very large drink
caffeine is a diuretic
vanilla inhibits ADH
walking quickly rushes fluid through the urinary system
after work ,Linda relaxes by firing two beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol is a diuretic because it
activated DCT sodium secretion
inhibits aldosterone secretion
inhibits ADH Secretion
activated chloride ion reabsorption
A by=product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is
uric acid
urea
ammonia
water
A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is
uric acid
urea
ammonia
water
The structure of a lymphatic vessel os most similar to that of a
vein
venule
artery
The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks
thoracic and right lymphatic duct
b
c
The formation of lymph increases as the result of
increased osmotic pressure in the tissue fluid
increase in osmotic pressure in blood capillaries
increased osmotic pressure in thoracic cavity
decreasing pressure of vulnerable fluid
The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels pass is the
hilum
sinus
c
d
Th lymph nodes of the axillary region receiv
arm and mammary gland
b
c
The spleen
is the largest lymphatic organ
contains nodules similar to lymphatic nodules
contains numerous phagocytosis cells
all of the above
Which of the following is an example of a specific body defense mechanism
phagocytosis
inflammation
immunity
enzyme action
Interferon is a group of hormone like peptides produced by cells in response to the presence of
chemical irritants
viruses
bacterial cells
malarial parasites
Drugs used to reduce the tissue rejection reaction following the trnaspoaltiation of tissue from one person to another are likely to
suppress the immune system
b
The moat active phagocytic cells found in circulating blood are
macrophages
neutrophils and monocytes
neutrophils and macrophages
monocytes and macrophages
The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are
lymphocytes and macrophages
neutrophils and lymphocytes
monocytes and macrophages
lymphocytes and monocytes
T Lymphocytes are responsible for
cell mediated immunity
b
c
The most abundant type of immunogloboium is
Igg
b
c
Functions of the lymphatic system do not include
returning interstitial fluid to the blood stram
removing proteins form the interstitial space
transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle
transporting the products of lipid digestion from the intestine to lathe live
The type of resistance that is required from developing a disease
naturally acquired active immunityz
b
the antibodies involved in allergic reactions are
allergens
b
are secreted by mast cells
belong to the immunoglobulin E group
Lymph differs from plasma in that
lymph contains more protein than plasma
plasma contains more plasma than lymph
lymph contains white blood cells whereas plas,a does not
lymph and plasma are essentially the same
Lymph nodes occur in groups throughout the body except in the
lungs
CNS
The spleen is much like a lymph node except that the spleen
does not store lymphocytes
filters lymph
filters blood
does not contain phagocytes
Following a primary immune response the cells that give rise to m cells
b cells only
t cells only
both b and t cells
neither b nor cells
foreign particles that are injected into the skin are likely to enter the lymphatic system
rapidly
slowly
not at all because lymphatic valves prevent this
not at all because the skin lacks lymphatic capillaries
If lymphatic tissue is removed form an axillary region the arm on that side is likely to
show edema
b
The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located near the
hand
wrist
elbow
axillary region
The cells called cytotoxic T cells destroy
a
b
all antigen bearing cells
cancer and virus contains cells
Cytotoxic t cells destroy their target cells that affects
cell membranes
lysosomes
robosomes
dna
A newborn may have some defense against digestive and respiratory disturbanites because if IGA obtained from it s mothers
milk
blood
intestinw
placenta
interleukin I , a substance that activates certain immune cells is secreted by
b cells
epidermal cells
plasma cells
injections of gamma globulin are sometimes given to provide
naturally acquired active immjnity
artificially acquired active immunity
artificially acquired passive immunity
Primary functions of lymphinclude
returning proteins to the tissue fluid
transporting foreign particles to the kidneys
returning proteins to the bloodstream and transporting foreign particles to the lymph nodes
oNE OF THE MOST OCMMON IMMUNOSUPRESSIVE DRUGS ACTS BY
Interfering with helper t cell activity
promoting helper t cell activity
interfering with suppressor cell activity
promotion b cell activity
Tissue fluid is ____ and lymph is _____
forced out of lymph vessels; absorbed into lymph vessels
forced out of blood plasma; absorbed into blood capillaries
forced out of blood plasma; generally lacking proteins
The spleen can be described as
a large lymph node that is divided into lobules
b
