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Worksheets

Quarter 3 Extra Credit 2023

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 2hrs 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An illusory correlation is best defined as a

a)

correlation of 0

b)

causal relationship

c)

correlation of −1.0

d)

perceived relationship where one does not exist

e)

correlation of +1.0

2.

Which of the following best describes the response of members of the American Psychological Association to ethical issues in research?

a)

They have just begun to address such issues.

b)

They disclaim ethical concerns regarding research.

c)

They have developed codes of ethics for research with human participants only.

d)

They have developed codes of ethics for research with animal subjects only.

e)

They have developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants and animal subjects.

3.

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

a)

slower heart rate

b)

speech deficit

c)

motor deficit

d)

hearing loss

e)

visual deficit

4.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?

a)

Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors

b)

Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons

c)

Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons

d)

Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons

e)

Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

5.

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

a)

Amygdala

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Thalamus

d)

Cerebellum

e)

Hippocampus

6.

An individual with damage to Wernicke’s area is most likely to have difficulty

a)

planning what to wear to a party

b)

distinguishing between red and green

c)

comprehending a spoken request for information

d)

remembering the name of a person in a photograph

e)

identifying an object held in the hand but not seen

7.

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

a)

red

b)

black

c)

green

d)

blue

e)

violet

8.

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

a)

rods

b)

optic nerve

c)

lens

d)

occipital lobe

e)

cones

9.

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

a)

Rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve

b)

Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

c)

Bipolar cells, ganglion cells, rods and cones, optic nerve

d)

Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones, optic nerve

e)

Optic nerve, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones

10.

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

a)

sound localization ability

b)

dichotic listening ability

c)

echoic memory

d)

difference threshold

e)

attention span

11.

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?

a)

Accommodation

b)

Weber's law

c)

Sensory adaptation

d)

Assimilation

e)

Phi phenomenon

12.

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?

a)

Expectancy theory

b)

Trichromatic theory

c)

Gate-control theory

d)

Phantom pain

e)

Opponent-process theory

13.

Four-year-old Scott fell down the stairs at his grandmother’s house. Although he was not badly hurt, he was very frightened. Now, whenever his parents mention visiting his grandmother’s house, he feels anxious and fearful. In classical conditioning terms, what are the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the scenario, respectively?

a)

Anxiety; fear

b)

Grandmother’s house; fear

c)

Falling; anxiety

d)

Fear; grandmother’s house

e)

Grandmother’s house; falling

14.

A mental image of a spatial layout is called

a)

insight

b)

an algorithm

c)

a mental set

d)

a heuristic

e)

a cognitive map

15.

Barney is a somewhat distractible second-grade student who finds schoolwork a bit boring. After a couple of minutes of working silently, Barney often starts to misbehave until his teacher, Ms. Skinner, calls his name and scolds him. However, he enjoys this attention from her and continues to misbehave. With respect to Barney’s misbehavior, Ms. Skinner’s attention serves as

a)

negative reinforcement

b)

punishment

c)

differential reinforcement

d)

primary reinforcement

e)

positive reinforcement

16.

Which brain structure filters and relays sensory info to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex?

a)

thalamus

b)

hypothalamus

c)

hippocampus

d)

cerebellum

17.

"Little brain" responsible for controlling balance, coordinating fine motor movements, creation of procedural memories

a)

cerebrum

b)

cerebellum

c)

corpus callosum

d)

cerebral cortex

18.

Psychoanalytic psychology focuses mainly on:

a)

rewards and punishments

b)

self-esteem and self-actualization

c)

biology and genetics

d)

internal conflict and unconscious desires

e)

sensation and perception

19.
In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head damaging the functioning of the frontal lobes. This instance provided evidence that the frontal lobe plays a role in personality and behavior. Researchers have continued to study Gage's brain to better understand this link. Which research method is being used?
a)
experimentation
b)
correlation
c)
case study
d)
naturalistic observation
20.
An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates
a)
the independent variable.
b)
the double-blind procedure.
c)
random assignment.
d)
an operational definition.
21.
Why are researchers so careful about drawing conclusions regarding statistical significance?
a)
They want to make sure an observed difference isn't due to chance.
b)
They need to make sure the results are important.
c)
Statistical significance is primarily a subjective decision, so researchers need to be more careful.
d)
Statistical significance determines which research method should be used for a hypothesis.
22.
Who in Psychology made a lead way in helping psychological disorder treatment?
a)
Dorthea Dix
b)
Jean Piaget
c)
Abraham Maslow
d)
Carl Rogers
23.
Who used introspection to study structures of mind?
a)
William James
b)
B.F. Skinner
c)
John B Watson
d)
Edward Titchener
24.
A moderate positive correlation has been found between a person's weight and hours of television watched per week. Which of the following scatterplots best shows this relationship?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
25.
When a distribution of scores is skewed, which of the following is the most representative measure of central tendency?
a)
Inference 
b)
Standard deviation 
c)
Mean 
d)
Median 
26.

After the student council election, a friend tells you he could have guessed who would be elected president. What psychological phenomenon might this illustrate?

a)

Common Sense

b)

Critical Thinking

c)

Overconfidence

d)

Perceiving order in random events

e)

Hindsight Bias

27.

A psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on a cell phone or to drive a simulator without talking on a phone.


In the study, cell phone use can be described as

a)

dependent variable

b)

independent variable

c)

confounding variable

d)

random variable

e)

operational deviation

28.

A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

a)

75

b)

77

c)

86

d)

90

e)

99

29.

In order for a p value to be considered significant, it must be

a)

less than or equal to .05 (5%)

b)

.05 (5%)

c)

greater than or equal to .05 (5%)

d)

less than .05 (5%)

30.

Method that involves relaxation and gradual exposure to a feared stimulus.

a)

systematic desensitization

b)

flooding

c)

counterconditioning

d)

all of the above

31.

The reinforcement schedule that generally provides the most resistance to response extinction is:

a)

fixed-ratio

b)

fixed interval

c)

variable-ratio

d)

variable-interval

32.

Which part of the brain fires when performing a certain action, and/or observing a certain action?

a)

Monkey genes

b)

Mirror neurons

c)

aversion

d)

Pre-frontal lobes

33.

Learned helplessness is most likely to result when....

a)

Responses have no effect on the environment

b)

Young organisms fail to imprint at the critical period

c)

A response is reinforced independently

d)

Reinforcement occurs on an intermittent schedule

e)

An organism receives negative reinforcement

34.

In a classic study, a group of rats learned to run through a maze to obtain food, and another group of rats explored the maze without receiving good. Some time later, the researcher compared the two groups of rats to determine if both groups would find the food at the end of the maze. According to the researcher, the untrained rats found the food at the end of the maze as quickly as the trained rats as a result of

a)

latent learning

b)

observational learning

c)

avoidance learning

d)

counter-conditioning

e)

aversive conditioning

35.

Which classic study forms the basis for social (observational) learning?

a)

Ivan Pavlov's salivating dogs

b)

BF Skinner's key pecking pigeons

c)

John Garcia's nauseous rats

d)

John Watson's Little Albert

e)

Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll

36.
What do we call the conversion of stimulus energies, like sights and sounds into neural impulses?
a)
Transduction
b)
Priming
c)
Weber'sLaw
d)
Signal Detection Theory
37.
The view from Lydia's left eye is slightly different from the view of her right eye. This is due to which depth cue?
a)
retinal disparity
b)
relative size
c)
relative motion
d)
a blind spot
38.

In order to control for experimenter bias as well as extraneous variables such as severity of condition, attitudes, age, etc., researchers assign subjects to groups by:

a)

Random assignment

b)

Replication

c)

Naturalistic observation

d)

Operational definitions

39.
Melanie is addicted to her cell phone.  She can't sleep at night because she keeps checking all her social media apps and even wakes up in the middle of the night to check it.  What neurotransmitter would be the main reason for Melanie's addiction? 
a)
serotonin 
b)
GABA
c)
dopamine
d)
Glutamate 
40.
Makes decisions, plans, reasons, and carries out behaviors
a)
Frontal Lobe
b)
Parietal Lobe
c)
Occipital Lobe
d)
Temporal Lobe
41.

Dream theory that postulates that REM sleep triggers random neural activity, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories.

a)

Freud's Wish-Fulfillment

b)

Information Processing

c)

Cognitive Development

d)

Activation-Synthesis Theory

42.

Waves produced when awake but relaxed:

a)

Alpha Waves

b)

Beta Waves

c)

Theta Waves

d)

Delta Waves

43.
When Pavlov placed food in the mouth's of dogs, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) ________.
a)
unconditioned stimulus
b)
unconditioned response
c)
conditioned response
d)
conditioned stimulus
44.
When shaping a behavior, you would couple a treat with, "good dog" to get your pet to sit.  The "good dog" is considered __.
a)
Negative Reinforcement
b)
Primary Reinforcer
c)
Secondary Reinforcer
45.
If you raise your hand, which is a voluntary action, which subsystem would most closely control this behavior?
a)
Somatic NS
b)
Autonomic NS
c)
Peripheral NS 
d)
Sympathetic NS
46.
Which of these subsystems controls our "fight or flight" response, when we get scared or angry? 
a)
Sympathetic
b)
Parasympathetic
c)
Somatic
d)
Peripheral
47.
Please select the structure that is not part of the limbic system 
a)
Medulla
b)
Amygdala
c)
Hypothalamus 
d)
Hippocampus 
48.
The master gland of the endocrine system is the
a)
adrenal gland.
b)
pituitary gland.
c)
pancreas.
d)
hypothalamus.
49.
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to
a)
become violently aggressive.
b)
cower in fear.
c)
experience convulsive seizures.
d)
lapse into a coma.
50.
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the "Fight or Flight" response?
a)
Acetylcholine
b)
Endorphins
c)
Norepinephrine
d)
Serotonin
51.
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate:
a)
learning and memory
b)
pain and pleasure
c)
muscle movements
d)
sleep, moods/emotions
52.
The depletion of Acetylcholine is associated with the following:
a)
Schizophrenia
b)
Huntington's
c)
Depression
d)
Alzheimer's
53.
Damage to the cerebellum would most affect the career of
a)
an architect
b)
a teacher
c)
an athlete
d)
a librarian
54.
Controls behaviors (hunger, thirst, sleep, body temperature) through the release of hormones.
a)
hypothalamus
b)
thalamus
c)
adrenal glands
d)
pineal gland
55.
When a neuron is resting, the inside of the axon has a ____________ charge.
a)
positive
b)
negative
56.
Type of brain imaging that measures the amount of radioactive glucose consumed by active areas of the brain.
a)
CAT Scan
b)
MRI
c)
PET Scan
d)
MEG
57.

What would a split brain patient NOT be able to do?

a)

Say they saw a dog

b)

Point with their left hand to the cat

c)

Point with their right hand to the dog

d)

Point with their right hand to the cat

58.
Sleep spindles show up during which sleep stage?
a)
stage 1 NREM
b)
stage 2 NREM
c)
stage 3 NREM
d)
REM
59.

Which of the following is the name of the cell clusters that control and stimulate our circadian rhythm?

a)

Feature Detectors

b)

Stimulus-Response Cells

c)

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

d)

Circadian Cells

60.

Which therapist introduced the use of free association?

a)

Mary Cover James

b)

Carl Rogers

c)

Sigmund Freud

61.

One of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia includes ____________.

a)

catatonia

b)

an expressionless face

c)

hallucinations

62.
Used to treat schizophrenia, functions by blocking dopamine receptor sites. 
a)
Mood-stabilizing medication
b)
Antidepressant medication
c)
Antianxiety medication
d)
Antipsychotic medication
63.
Carl Rogers is responsible for
a)
client-centered therapy
b)
psychoanalysis
c)
directive therapy
d)
behavioral therapy
64.
In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the therapist that symbolically represents other important relationships is called
a)
resistance
b)
identification
c)
transference
d)
free association
65.

The side effect associated with taking traditional antipsychotic drugs that is characterized by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements is

a)

infindibular recidivism.

b)

tardive dyskinesia.

c)

tachycardia palpitations.

d)

MAO inhibition.

66.

Lithium is a chemical used to treat

a)

major depression.

b)

schizophrenia.

c)

multiple-personality disorders.

d)

bipolar mood disorders.

67.

Which of the following is a major goal of Aaron Beck's therapy?

a)

to rid an individual of his or her internal negative thoughts

b)

to change an individual's negative behavior

c)

to enable a person to become self-actualized

d)

to help a client change learned or modeled behavior

68.
In rational-emotive therapy
a)
clients are encouraged to take responsibility for their own choices
b)
clients learn to challenge irrational beliefs
c)
the therapist seeks to have the client discover rational insights on his or her own
d)
irrational elements of the unconscious are made to conform to reality
69.
These are also called SSRIs (selective-serotonin-
reuptake-inhibitor drugs) because they block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. 
a)
Mood-stabilizing medication
b)
Antidepressant medication
c)
Antianxiety medication
d)
Antipsychotic medication
70.

Continually tense and apprehensive, experiencing unfocused, negative, and out-of-control feelings

a)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

b)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

c)

Panic Attacks

d)

Phobias

71.

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

a)

Mania

b)

Mood

c)

Depression

d)

Bipolar Disorder

72.
Brian is always worried about making a fool of himself because he always seems to have bad luck.  He gets intensely anxious about situations where he might say something wrong or be scrutinized, like giving a presentation at work.  What is he probably suffering from?
a)
Social Phobia
b)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
c)
A Specific Phobia
d)
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
73.

Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that

a)

there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

b)

almost anybody will develop schizophrenia if exposed to extensive environmental stress.

c)

schizophrenia patients suffer from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

d)

if adopted children's adoptive parents have schizophrenia, they will, too.

74.

Little regard for feelings of others. View the world as hostile, must look out for themselves

a)

Schizophrenia

b)

Learned Helplessness

c)

Antisocial Personality Disorder

d)

Tardive Dyskinesia

75.

Helps explain why even people with identical gene markers don't always suffer the same disorder

a)

Diathesis-Stress Model

b)

Rosethen Model

c)

Abbott & Costello Model

d)

Airplane Model

76.
According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage.
a)
sensorimotor
b)
preoperational
c)
concrete operational
d)
formal operational
77.
According to your age and Piaget's theory, what stage are you at?
a)
Concrete Operational
b)
Formal Operational
c)
Preoperational
d)
Sensorimotor
78.

For Erikson's Eight Stages, what was the crisis associated with the first year of life (infancy)?

a)

Trust vs. Mistrust

b)

Intimacy vs. Isolation

c)

Integrity vs. Despair

d)

Identity vs. Role Confusion

79.
This style of parenting calls for imposing rules and demanding obedience without debate or discussion between parent and child.
a)
Permissive
b)
Neglectful
c)
Authoritative
d)
Authoritarian
80.

When the baby's cheek is stroked they turn towards the side it was stroked and begins making sucking motions- feeding related

a)

rooting reflex

b)

moro reflex

c)

grasp reflex

d)

Babinski reflex

81.
If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n):
a)
FAS
b)
form of DNA
c)
depressant
d)
teratogen
82.
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation paradigm is used to test young children's 
a)
ego strength
b)
intelligence
c)
reaction time
d)
attachment
83.

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, what stage of moral development is exhibited when actions are judged “right” because they flow from basic ethical principles?

a)

Preconventional

b)

Postconventional

c)

Conventional

d)

Preoperational

e)

Formal operational

84.

Parenting Styles (Permissive, Authoritative, Authoritarian, Uninvolved)

a)

Baumrind

b)

Ainsworth

c)

Kubler-Ross

d)

Harlow

85.

Biggest Critic of the Heinz Dilemma experiment bc Kohlberg only asked boys and did not account for gender differences with morality

a)

E. Kubler Ross

b)

Carol Gilligan

c)

Diane Baumrind

d)

Mary Ainsworth

86.

" I don't know and I don't care what I'm supposed to do with my life" represents

a)

Forclosure

b)

Moratorium

c)

Identity Diffusion

87.
the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. 
a)

proactive interference 

b)

retroactive interference

c)

serial position effect 

d)

spacing effect

88.
Excessive dopamine is to ____________ as too little dopamine is to _____________.
a)
Parkinson's disease; schizophrenia
b)
Schizophrenia; Parkinson's disease
c)
Antisocial personality disorder; schizoid personality disorder
d)
Schizophrenia; depression
89.

If you are expecting an important text message, you are much more likely to notice the sound as soon as the message arrives. This best illustrates...

a)

priming

b)

signal detection theory

c)

difference threshold

d)

absolute threshold

e)

Weber's law

90.
A memory from our own personal life is a
a)
Echoic Memory
b)
Prospective Memory
c)
Episodic Memory
d)
Semantic Memory
91.

Who came up with the 8 intelligence types?

a)

Howard Gardner

b)

Alfred Binet

c)

Charles Spearman

d)

Louis Leon Thurstone

92.

A test designed to predict a person's future performance.

a)

aptitude test

b)

intelligence test

c)

achievement test

93.

Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's

a)

ability to assume the perspective of others.

b)

ability to utilize diffuse brain regions for storing memories.

c)

accumulated knowledge.

d)

ability to reason speedily and abstractly.

94.

Brett recognizes a robin as fitting in to the category “bird” quicker than he does a penguin. This is because “robin” is a _____.

a)

concept

b)

heuristic

c)

prototype

d)

insight

95.

Mikayla wants to break up with her boyfriend. She seems to only notice instances of her relationship not working out, and forgets the good times. This would be an example of a/an ________________.

a)

confirmation bias.

b)

mental set.

c)

intuition.

d)

availability heuristic.

96.

Lashaun is looking to buy a new car. Because he read about a Ford car explosion in the news last week, he is hesitant to look at Ford models. This is an example of (the) _________

a)

belief perseverance.

b)

availability heuristic.

c)

framing.

d)

confirmation bias.

97.

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates

a)

interposition

b)

closure

c)

perceptual constancy

d)

linear perspective

98.
Which of the following is usually associated with creativity?
a)
convergent thinking 
b)
divergent thinking 
c)
intelligence 
d)
modelling 
99.
Robert Sternberg developed the Triacrchic theory of intelligence, which he believed is comprised of 3 types of intelligence:
a)
Interpersonal, intrapersonal, creative
b)
Interpersonal, analytical, practical
c)
Practical, creative, interpersonal
d)
Analytical, creative, practical
100.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
101.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
102.
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as 
a)
the serial position effect
b)
implicit memory
c)
priming
d)
state-dependent memory
103.

What is the most commonly used intelligence test?

a)

IQ

b)

Binet's

c)

Welsher's (WAIS)

d)

Sternberg Scale

104.

Penelope used to have an intense fear of the dentist. After finding a highly skilled dentist with a warm personality, the fear faded and eventually went away completely. Suddenly, when visiting her dentist for a routine check-up, her fear returns. This phenomenon is known as

a)

extinction

b)

acquisition

c)

insight

d)

stimulus generalization

e)

spontaneous recovery

105.

E.L. Thorndike placed kittens in puzzle boxes to see if they could figure out how to escape. Once the kittens solved the problem, they could easily replicate the procedure and escape over and over again. This led Thorndike to create which of the following concepts?

a)

classical conditioning

b)

negative punishment

c)

behaviorism

d)

the law of effect

e)

positive punishment

106.

John Garcia found that some types of associative learning occurred more quickly than others. He proposed that this learned seemed to be a mechanism by which an organism protects one-self. His research focused primarily on

a)

latent learning

b)

positive punishment

c)

taste aversion

d)

cognitive learning

e)

insight

107.

As we look at an image, we follow the direction of an established pattern rather than seeing it as different components. This Gestalt principle is known as

a)

closure

b)

similarity

c)

proximity

d)

figure-ground

e)

continuity

108.

While watching TV, Min's son asks him to turn up the volume. After doing so, he is asked to turn it up again, claiming that nothing had changed. Evidently, the first increase was below his son's

a)

absolute threshold

b)

habituation level

c)

actualization level

d)

correct rejection

e)

difference threshold

109.

On one day at the mall, Dr. Miele conducted a survey that measured the eating habits of people who were 20, 30, 40 and 50, with 10 people in each group. The study was attempting to determine if a high protein diet led to increased muscle mass. Which of the following best describes her study?

a)

an experiment

b)

a cross-sectional study

c)

a case study

d)

a longitudinal study

e)

a double-blind study

110.

Luis puts on his seatbelt each time he gets in his car because doing so stops the beeping alarm, which causes him to wear his seatbelt more often. Which learning principle explains why he continues this behavior?

a)

negative reinforcement

b)

stimulus generalization

c)

positive reinforcement

d)

extinction

e)

assimilation

111.

In Watson's experiment with "little Albert", what was the unconditioned response (UR)?

a)

the white rat

b)

the flashing light

c)

the loud noises

d)

his fear

e)

the presence of his mother

112.
Some opiate drugs have molecular structures so similar to endorphins that they mimic endorphin's euphoric effects in the brain, making these opiate drugs which kind of molecule?
a)
endocrines
b)
endorphins
c)
antagonists
d)
agonists
113.

What is the part of the brain that receives information/impulses from other neurons

a)

Dendrites

b)

Axon Buttons

c)

Myelin Sheath

d)

Cell body

114.
A word or part of a word that is in itself meaningful, but that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful units, is called
a)
Grapheme
b)
Morpheme
c)
Phoneme
d)
Holophrase
115.
 According to the Stanford-Binet formula for an intelligence quotient (IQ), the IQ of a ten-year-old child with mental age of eight and a half years old
a)
85
b)
95
c)
105
d)
115
116.
A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having
a)
Ranked 75th from the top in a group of 100 test takers
b)
Answered 75% of the test questions correctly
c)
Scored higher than 75% of the test takers
d)
Scored 75% higher than the average test taker
117.
Metacognition refers to
a)
Amnesia
b)
Mental retardation
c)
Artificial intelligence
d)
Thinking about thinking
118.
Noam Chomsky’s view of language proposed that
a)
There is an inherent language acquisition device
b)
Thinking is merely subvocal language
c)
Different levels of language ability are hereditarily determined
d)
Language acquisition can be explained by social modeling
119.
Benjamin Whorf hypothesis that our vocabulary determines how we perceive the world around us:
a)
verbal relativity
b)
linguistic relativity
c)
semantic relativity
d)
grammatical relativity
120.
Semantics
a)
the system of rules for putting words in order
b)
the smallest units of sound that carry meaning
c)
the smallest units of sound that make up language
d)
the system of using words to create meaning
121.
You are used to driving a car with a standard shift.  Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission.  As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift.  This tendency is most likely due to: 
a)
nretroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
motivated forgetting.
d)
encoding failure.
122.
We have all had the experience of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.  We are asked to remember someone’s name.  We are certain that we know the name and feel as if we are just about to remember it, yet it remains elusive.  What type of forgetting might be at work here?
a)
encoding failure
b)
retroactive interference
c)
retrieval failure
d)
motivated forgetting
123.
As a child, Theo often looked at a picture album that included photos of a family reunion.  Although Theo had not attended the reunion because he had been ill, he remembers being there.  Theo’s mistake best illustrates the “sin” of:
a)
suggestibility.
b)
persistence.
c)
misattribution.
d)
transience.
124.
The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is due to:
a)
storage decay.
b)
retrieval failure.
c)
encoding failure.
d)
motivated forgetting.
125.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
126.
Memories easier to recollect in a particular setting/experience
a)
implicit memory
b)
State-dependent memories
c)
Context-dependent memories
d)
Interference
127.
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.)  
a)
iconic memory
b)
 explicit memory
c)
echoic memory
d)
 implicit memory
128.
an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
a)
long-term potentiation (LTP)
b)
chunking
c)
shallow processing
129.

According to the Ebbinghaus (forgetting) curve, most forgetting occurs:

a)

very soon after encoding

b)

about 1-2 weeks after encoding

c)

years after encoding

d)

only if encoding is unsuccessful

130.

Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus will cause an animal to:

a)

begin eating.

b)

stop eating.

c)

become obese.

d)

begin copulating.

131.

Increases in insulin will:

a)

lower blood sugar and trigger hunger.

b)

raise blood sugar and trigger hunger.

c)

lower blood sugar and trigger satiety.

d)

raise blood sugar and trigger satiety.

132.

Beginning with the most basic needs, which of the following represents the correct sequence of needs in the hierarchy described by Maslow?

a)

safety; physiological; esteem; belongingness and love; self-fulfillment

b)

safety; physiological; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment

c)

physiological; safety; esteem; belongingness and love; self-fulfillment

d)

physiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment

133.
Which of the following argued that emotion is made up first of physiological arousal followed immediately by emotional experience?
a)
James-Lange Theory
b)
Cannon-Bard Theory
c)
Schachter-Two Factor Theory
d)
Zajonc and LeDoux Theory
134.
You are walking down a dark alley late at night.  You hear footsteps behind you and you begin to   tremble, your heart beats faster, and your breathing deepens.  At the same time as these physiological   changes occur you also experience the emotion of fear
a)
James Lange
b)
Cannon Bard
c)
2 Factor
135.

When sleep deprived, your levels of leptin _______ and the levels of ghrelin ________.

a)

rise; rise

b)

stay the same; fall

c)

rise; fall

d)

fall; rise

136.

Type A personality men are more susceptible to

a)

Cancer

b)

heart attacks

c)

lupus

d)

eating disorders

137.
Second phase of general adaptation syndrome.
a)
Alarm reaction
b)
Plateau
c)
Resistance
d)
Resolution
138.
Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as:
a)
the fight-or-flight response.
b)
the general adaptation syndrome.
c)
Type B behavior.
d)
psychophysiological illness.
139.
Motivational theory that focuses on internal states of tension, such as hunger, that motivate us to pursue actions that reduce tension
a)
Drive reduction theory
b)
Instinct theory
c)
Arousal theory
d)
Incentive theory
140.

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as

a)

the spotlight effect

b)

unconditional positive regard

c)

self-actualization

d)

free association

141.

Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr. Dutoit was most likely taking the:

a)

Thematic Appreception Test (TAT)

b)

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

c)

MMPI2

d)

Rorschach test

142.

Nate is constantly trying to hide his bad breath. When he encounters someone else whom he thinks might have bad breath, he is very quick to point it out. Which defence mechanism is Nate using?

a)

Projection

b)

Reaction-Formation

c)

Regression

d)

Sublimation

143.
type of statistical procedure that is conducted to identify clusters or groups of related items (called factors) on a test
a)
fixation
b)
factor analysis
c)
false consensus effect
144.
overestimation of how much other people share our beliefs and behaviors
a)
free association
b)
Ignorance of one incompetence phenomenon
c)
inferiority complex
d)
false consensus effect
145.

transform into an earlier development period in the face of stress (during exam week you start to suck your thumb)

a)

Projection

b)

Regression

c)

Reaction formation

d)

Rationalization

146.

Neo-Freudian. Believed navigating social interactions as a child are important in personality development. Identified concept of INFERIORITY COMPLEX.

a)

Albert Bandura

b)

Alfred Adler

147.

The “Big Five” personality characteristics are:

a)

Emotionality, extroversion, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness

b)

Anxiety, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and sociability

c)

Outgoing, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and

neuroticism

d)

Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and

neuroticism

e)

Extroversion, neuroticism, anxiety, agreeableness, and openness

148.

Alondra has an alcohol addiction. She attempts to keep this fact hidden from her co-workers by constantly bringing up the virtues of abstinence and living a 'clean' lifestyle.

This is an example of which type of defense mechanism?

a)

Projection

b)

Regression

c)

Displacement

d)

Reaction-Formation

149.
This is a person’s expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance.
a)
Self-Efficacy
b)
Reciprocal Determinism
c)
Temperament
d)
Locus of Control
150.
The tendency for one's body to return to  a balanced state is called:
a)
satisfaction
b)
deprivation
c)
homeostasis

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