finding and correcting errors in your program

a defined block or section of code that does a specific task

an error caused by the rules of a programming language being broken

Example: a program in Python that uses a period or parentheses in the wrong spot.

What kind of error is this?

an error caused by an integer that is larger than what a programing language can handle

Example: a number is expressed in 9 bits, but the programing language can use up to 8 bits.

What kind of error is this?

an error where the program runs normally, but does not give you the result you want.

Example: the output of my program was supposed to be "apple," but the output when I ran the program was "orange."

What kind of error is this?

errors that occur while a program is being executed

what the human using the program interacts with

section of code

an event triggers the code to run

what the human does/puts into the program

how a program runs during execution

what the program does as a result of the input

development process that repeats

messages in the code that do not do anything, but explain how the code works for more readabliity

system where numbers, letters, colors, and other data are expressed as a series of ones and zeros using bits

digit in a binary number, where each the whole number is 2^n

eight bits

making something that is hard to read/understand easier to read

numbers with decimal points are stored incorrectly in a computer

Example: 1.0 is stored as 0.9999998

What kind of error is this?

true or false: digital data is analog data

a continuous stream of data values

picture element

file size is shrunk relatively small, sends/downloads slower, but the original file can be restored without any data or quality lost

Lossless or lossy: an iPhone sending another iPhone a picture

file size is shrunk very small, sends/downloads quicker, but the original file cannot be restored as some data or quality is lost

Lossless or lossy: an iPhone sending an Android a picture

data made up of discrete (not continuous) values

removing corrupt or incomplete data, repairing incomplete data, verifying ranges or dates in data, making the data more uniform

different subsets of data are extracted to help produce meaning in the data

grouping data based on criteria

computers identifying patterns in data that people could not see otherwise

data that does not accurately represent all possibilities

patterns in two or more unrelated datasets

a pattern in one dataset as a result of a pattern in another

true or false: correlation means causation

Correlation or causation: Nicholas Cage movies and swimming pool drownings

data that describes/is about data

Correlation or causation

being able to increase the capacity of a resource without having to redo it

data can be visualized in a chart

conclusions can be drawn from data/chart

Usable or useful

Usable or useful

a set of instructions to solve a problem or complete a task

spoken and written language, which can be ambiguous

a plan for what you want the code to do. mix of natural and programming language.

how easily you and other programers can understand a program

how easily you and other programers can read the code in a program

placeholders for values in a program

a series of characters that make a text field. Surrounded by quotation marks.

Example: "why" "can't" "we" "go" "home?"

adding strings together.

Example: the strings "why" "can't" "we" "go" "home?" become "why can't we go home?"

sections of strings

position in a string or list

whole numbers

Example: 3, 4, 5, etc.

number with a decimal point

Example: 52.0, 1.5, 6.999, 12.8, 101.2, etc.

returns remainder after dividing

gives a variable a value

operator/values only return as true or false

a boolean operator where both conditions must be true for the operator to be true

boolean operator where either or both of the conditions can be true for the operator to be true

a boolean operator where if the condition is true, the operator is false. If the condition is false, the operator is true.

statements executed in the order the program was written

uses boolean operators to make a choice, which changes what happens in the program

code in the statement repeats as many times as the programer specified before moving on

generalizing or making it easier to read the code

individual item in a list

a collection or items or data stored in a variable

operators that test conditions with math to get a result

True or false: = and $$\leftarrow$$ are assignment operators

a section of a program with an action to be executed

area $$\leftarrow$$ Pi* $$radius^2$$

Is this the correct way to assign a value to a variable?

$$=,\ne,<,>,\le,\ge$$ are...

starts at the beginning of a list and searches in the order the list what put in. Data does not need to be sorted for this to work.

divides data set and asks questions to search. More efficient than linear searches, but data needs to be sorted chronologically for it to work

a custom section of code that will be executed only when it is called in the main program or in another custom section

used to accept values into a procedure and are sent through arguments

holds a value that is passed onto a procedure when called

procedure, parameter, or argument? (asking about the code in the blue box)

procedure, parameter, or argument? (in the blue box only)

procedure, parameter, or argument? (in the blue box only)

a statement used to end a procedure/go back to the main program/send values back to the main program

where prewritten procedures specific to a programing language are stored

defines how other programs can interact with their programing module/application

highly abstracted programs that mirror the real world. Used for creating/testing experiments and hypotheses when it would otherwise be too dangerous/expensive/time-consuming to do in the real world.

how many resources it takes to run a program, how much storage it takes up, and how long it takes to run

task that can or cannot be solved with an algorithm

problem with a yes or no answer

looking for the best solution to a problem

a not-great-but-close-enough solution to a problem when the optimal solution is unreasonable

an algorithm can be written that results in correct yes/no answers for all inputs

an algorithm cannot be written that results in correct yes/no answers for all inputs

combination of variables/values and operations to be performed on them that determines a single value

a style of programing that breaks down the requirements into smaller pieces until each module performs a certain task

how a procedure works is simplified or abstracted away. Users of the procedure only need to know the input to give and the output to get from the procedure

process all of a lists' elements

connection between devices

computing device along a path that sends information to the next stop along said path. Determined the moment it is needed, not in advance.

information transmitted via the Internet

breaking down information to be sent from one computer to another. They arrive at different times and out of order.

agreed-upon set of rules

a set of numbers assigned to a computer once it connects to the internet so the computer and send and receive information

creates packets at the sending location and reassembles them at the receiving location. Also sends and resends a confirmation message to its destination if not all the packets are received.

same as TCP but it's faster because it does not use a confirmation message, but some packets can be lost because of it. Used when speed is the priority over accuracy.

a collection of web pages, documents, and files written in hypertext markup language (HTML)

having multiple paths between routers and devices in order to create fault tolerance

one point on the internet not working will not incapacitate the whole thing

allows computers to request and share webpages, audio, images, videos, and other file types on the internet via GET requests

the exact same thing as HTTP but for secure data, like financial and medical data that require a password

operations in a program are executed one after another on one computer in a specified order. cannot scale

devices can be added and removed easily without disrupting or interrupting the service

multiple computers execute parts of a program at the same time and a sequential computing system puts the parts back together. Faster than a sequential computing system to a point.

multiple computers process and execute a program or application

the amount of data that can be sent over a network in a fixed amount of time

piece of equipment that can run a computer program

connection of computing devices that send and receive data

multiple computing devices/networks/programs work together for a specific purpose

intentional or unintentional prejudice for or against certain groups of people

asking a large group of people for data for a project

allows creators to assign different levels of access to their intellectual property and others to use certain aspects of said property

software that is freely shared, updated, and supported by anyone who wants to do so and is open to modification without restrictions.

volunteers on a scientific team help collect and review data from their homes

those who lack access to the internet based on location, economic, or accessibility factors

anything a person creates

data is freely available with limited, if any, copyright restrictions

information that identifies you, such as your name, address, age, or social security number.

protects computing devices/networks/systems from attacks and unauthorized access

malicious software

creating a fake email/website/link that looks real to get people to click it and prompt them for personal information

programs that can infect files and damage, delete, or steal files and spread to other devices

malware that keeps track of keystrokes in a file that is sent to whoever planted the malware

used to create wireless networks

an access point that is not managed by an organization's secure network. Risks signal getting intercepted and data being captured/modified.

writing secret codes

ads sent to specific groups of people based on prior searches/pages viewed.

uses one key to encrypt data and another to decrypt it. The encryption key is public while the decryption key is private.

organizations that give digital certificates to websites, which makes them trusted websites

converting data into a coded format

deciphering encrypted data so it is readable

asking large amounts of people for money for a project

verifying users requesting access before addmitance

encryption and decryption cipher are the same

encryption and decryption cipher are not the same

uses more than one method to determine if the person requesting access to something should be given admitance

copying information/artifacts without direct permission from the owner or creator via creative commons licensing

Potentially useless information: the AP CSP list index on the exam starts at...