activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness

include practices actually or potentially harmful to health

helps you understand factors influencing patient’s perceptions, beliefs, and behavior to plan care that will most effectively help patients maintain or restore health and prevent illness

directed at increasing a patient’s level of well being 

defines health as a positive, dynamic state, not merely the absence of disease

It is a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs 

Attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health

First priority according to maslow's

Final stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs

In the middle of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

True prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop

Aimed at health promotion includes health education programs, immunizations, nutritional programs, and physical fitness activities

Focuses on those who have health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions 

Delivered in homes, hospitals, or skilled nursing facilities

Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible 

Aims to help patients achieve as high a level of functioning as possible. This level of care is called preventive care because it involves preventing further disability or reduced functioning

Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident

Short duration and Severe

Persists longer than 6 months

emphasizes the importance of assisting clients to function adequately in the physical, mental, social, economic, and vocational areas of their lives

ocuses on the ill client, and it extends from early detection of disease through helping the client during the recovery period.

Classification of Priorities:

Emergent

Classification of Priorities:

non-life-threatening

Classification of Priorities:

Affect patient’s future well-being

A broad statement that describes the desired change in a patient’s condition, perceptions, or behavior

An aim, intent or end

Measurable change that must be achieved to reach a goal

Many times, several must be met to meet  a single goal

Normal hourly urine output of a patient?

any treatment based on clinical judgment and knowledge that a nurse performs to enhance patient outcomes. Ideally nursing interventions are evidence based, providing the most current and effective approaches for delivering patient-centered care

 treatments performed through interactions with patients.

treatments performed away from a patient but on behalf of the patient or groups of patients, documentation, and interdisciplinary collaboration

Methods of Documentation

The traditional method

Methods of Documentation

Database

Problem list 

Care plan 

Progress notes

Methods of Documentation

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

Methods of Documentation

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan, Intervention, Evaluation

Methods of Documentation

Problem, Intervention, Evaluation

Methods of Documentation

Data, Action, Response

 the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms; results in disease.

presence and growth of microorganisms within a host without tissue invasion or damage

the infectious process transmitted from one person to another

 Clinical signs and symptoms are present

Clinical signs and symptoms are not present

Defenses against infection:

Microorganisms

Maintain a senstive balance with other microorganisms to prevent infection. Any factor that disrupts this balance places a person at increased risk for acquiring a disease

Defenses against infection:

Organs

Defenses against infection:

Signs of local inflammation and infection are identical 

Vascular and cellular responses 

Exudates (serous, sanguineous, or purulent)

Tissue repair

Types of Health Care-Associated Infections:

from microorganisms outside the individual

Types of Health Care-Associated Infections:

When the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results

Absence of pathogenic

The removal of all soil

a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects

the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores

Sterile technique prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field for surgery 

 the separation and restriction of movement of ill persons with contagious diseases

provides the exact description of medication’s composition

the manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns the name, and it then listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia

also known as brand or proprietary name. This is the name under which a manufacturer markets the medication

Passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration

After absorption, distribution occurs within the body to tissues, organs, and specific sites of action

Medications are metabolized into a less-potent or an inactive form

Medications exit the body through the:

Expected or predicted physiological response

Unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable

predictable, unavoidable

Accumulation of medication in the bloodstream

Overreaction or under-reaction or different reaction from normal

Routes of Administration:

Sublingual administration 

Buccal administration

Routes of Administration:

Intradermal 

Subcutaneous 

Intramuscular 

Intravenous

Routes of Administration:

Epidural, intrathecal, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, Intra-pleural, and intra-arterial

Routes of Administration:

Intracardiac and intra articular

Routes of Administration:

Skin

Mucous membranes

administered until the dosage is changed or another medication is prescribed

given when the patient requires it

given one time only for a specific reason

given immediately in an emergency

given immediately in an emergency

when medication is needed right away, but not STAT

medication to be taken outside of the hospital

an array of health care approaches with a history of use or origins outside of mainstream medicine

therapies used in addition to conventional treatment

therapies that replace allopathic medical care

based on different philosophies and life systems

Therapeutic touch

o Traditional Chinese medicin

Chiropractic therapy

Natural products and herbal therapies

Dry mouth

inflammation of the gums

tooth decay

 top layer of skin

inner layer of skin, collagen

epidermal junction, separates dermis and epidermis

shallow in depth, moist and painful, and the wound base generally appears red

extends into the subcutaneous layer, and the depth and tissue type will vary depending on body location

System Effects of Immobility:

Endocrine. Calcium absorption, and GI function

System Effects of Immobility:

Orthostatic hypotension, thrombus

System Effects of Immobility:

Loss of muscle mass, muscle atrophy

System Effects of Immobility:

Urinary Stasis, Renal calculi

System Effects of Immobility

Atelectasis and hypostatic pneumonia

System Effects of Immobility

Loss of endurance and muscle mass and decreased stability and balance

System Effects of Immobility

Impaired calcium absorption, joint abnormalities

System Effects of Immobility

Pressure ulcer 

Ischemia

Developmental Changes with Immobility:

Prolonged immobility delays gross motor skills, intellectual development, or musculoskeletal development

Developmental Changes with Immobility:

Delayed in gaining independence and in accomplishing skills 

Social isolation can occur 

Developmental Changes with Immobility:

Physiological systems are at risk

Changes in family and social structures

Developmental Changes with Immobility:

Decreased physical activity 

Hormonal changes 

Bone Reabsorption

Sleep Disorders:

Adjustment sleep disorder (acute insomnia). Inadequate sleep hygiene, Behavioral insomnia of childhood, insomnia caused by medical condition

Sleep Disorders:

Primary central sleep apnea, central apnea caused by medical condition, obstructiive sleep apnea syndromes, excessive daytime sleepiness

Sleep Disorders:

Cataplexy, Sleep paralysis

Sleep Disorders:

Emotional stress, Medications, Environmental Disturbances, Symptoms

Sleep Disorders:

Somnambulism (sleepwalking), Night terrors, NIghtmares, Nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting), Body rocking, Bruxism

stimulation of a receptor such as light, touch, or sound

integration and interpretation of stimuli

only the most important stimulus will elicit a reaction

Deficit in the normal function of sensory reception and perception

Inadequate quality or quantity of stimulation

Reception of multiple sensory stimuli