The pressure __________as altitude increases.

The following are uses of O₂ except__{_____}

Trapping infrared radiation of water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc. to keep the earth warm.

Reacts to sulfur compounds to form acid rain

The following are effects of acid rain except

Region in the atmosphere where aircraft flies

Region in the atmosphere where weather occurs

This interaction between the atmosphere and geothermal energy is responsible for weather and climate.

Above Earth’s surface

and contains a layer of ozone critical to life

because it absorbs much of the sun’s

damaging ultraviolet radiation.

A colorful display of lights in dark

polar skies which is produced when charged particles from the sun hit oxygen or nitrogen molecules in the thermosphere.

The ability of gases to absorb infrared radiation and therefore warm the troposphere.

The influence of Earth’s rotation,

which tends to turn fluids (air and water) toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

Tropical winds that generally blow from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere or from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere.

Weather, including turbulent wind, storms, and most clouds, occurs in this layer.

Temperatures drop steadily in this layer to the lowest in the atmosphere as low as -138°C.

Important in long-distance communication because it reflects outgoing radio waves back to Earth without the aid of satellites

It is where meteor burns up from friction with air molecules.

The warm surface near the equator heats the air in contact with it, causing this air to expand and rise.

Complex horizontal movements of the atmosphere.

Used as access points for maintenance in Qanats.

Bodies of saturated rocks or geological formations through which volumes of water find their way (permeability) into wells and springs.

Groundwater may be used as an outlet of heat for energy-efficient commercial and residential heating/cooling systems.

Act as conduits for transmission and as reservoirs for storing groundwater

Advantage/s of groundwater as a source of water.

In general, the soil above the water table is saturated, and it is unsaturated below the water table

Which of the following statement/s is/are false about unconfined aquifers?

In the figure, which has the pressurized water?

A lens of water held above the surrounding water table by an impervious geologic layer, such as bedrock or clay.

The system is analogous to a manometer with restriction.

The water in a confined aquifer may be under considerable pressure due to the permeable nature of the confining layers, which allow flow, or due to elevation differences in the aquifer.

The greater the vertical distance between the recharge area and the bottom of the top confining layer, the higher the height of the water, and the higher the pressure.

It is the measure of the pressure in an aquifer.

Head of location 1 minus the head of location 2, divided by the distance between the 2 locations.

Aquicludes allow more water than aquitards.

The percentage of a rock's total volume that is taken up by pore space is called the _______.

Permeability is __________ .

The best groundwater reservoirs have __________ .

The ability of an Earth material to transmit water is a measure of its:

A local water table positioned above the regional water table is said to be:

The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called the______ .

What is the term for a relatively impermeable geologic unit?

Which of the following rocks has the highest permeability?

What is the difference between the saturated and the unsaturated zones of ground water?

Which of the following can contaminate an aquifer?

Ilocos Norte ranked second with 49.3 thousand farms, covering 37.3 thousand hectares while Ilocos Sur came in third with 46.9 thousand farms, covering 36.1 thousand hectares. The groundwater resources of the two provinces are most likely contaminated with:

Most common nitrogen compound contaminant in groundwater

Low porosity always mean low permeability, and high porosity always mean high permeability.

The property of porous media where in the amount of water being stored depends on the surface area of the soil or rock is _________.

A groundwater contaminant of about 1-2 mg/L can lead to explosion when no proper ventilation is maintained.

Green plants and algae use inorganic carbon in the form of the following compounds except...

In a photosynthetic reaction, how many moles of oxygen molecule is produced when 8400 kJ of energy from the sun is used up?

Carbon tetrachloride and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) are individually toxic to the liver, but together they produce much more liver injury than the sum of their individual effects on the liver. This is an example of ___________.

Identify the different abiotic components within the picture given.

Detritus feeders work with microbial decomposers to destroy dead organisms and wastes products.

In a terrestrial setting, what organism is at the highest trophic level.

They play a very important role in the environment due to their capability to breakdown complex substances ready for reuse and recycle of important chemical nutrients necessary to sustain ecological interactions.

The intersection point of the Earth's three physical environments, where biotic and abiotic interaction happens.

Using the rule of thumb that 10% of the energy consumed is used in the production of biomass, calculate the LEAST possible amount of energy consumed by the frog through the food chain depicted in the figure, assuming that the Berries/Plantain contains 1000 joules of energy.

The following are factors affecting the toxicity of a certain chemical except:

Omnivores may be considered as either primary, or secondary/tertiary consumers.

It shows how organisms and their food chains are represented in various complex relationships.

The absence of energy from the sun during the night is not a hindrance to producers to sustain their biological processes. They undergo the so called aerobic respiration where a particular chemical oxidized to form carbon dioxide, water and energy. What is/are this/these chemical compound/s?

Typically, mercury is taken up by bacteria and phytoplankton. Small fish eat the bacteria and phytoplankton and accumulate the mercury. The small fish are in turn eaten by larger fish, which can become food for humans and animals. This situation can describe the phenomenon called ______________.

Inhalation of certain acid vapours at concentrations may, over long periods of time, cause loss of tooth enamel, eventually leading to extensive tooth decay. This is an example of...

As energy flows through the food chain, it is converted to heat and is lost as useful nutrient.

Conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonium/ammonia nitrogen.

Growth-limiting nutrient of organisms.

Enzyme that speeds up the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide converting it to sulfuric acid.

While insulin lowers blood sugar, glucagon raises it. Thus, regulating the major physiological function of these two chemicals is crucial in order to keep up a healthy level of glucose in blood. This is an example of ___________.

Water is one of the few substances that can be found in all three states within the earth's climatic range.

Water acts as a climate ameliorator through the power absorbed and released during transformation between the different phases.

The solvent properties of water prevent the uptake of vital nutrients from the soil and into plants; this then allows the transfer of the nutrients within a plant's structure.

In places such as Norway, parts of the USA and New Zealand energy generation for domestic and industrial consumption is through hydro-electric schemes, harnessing the combination of water and gravity in a sustainable manner. What device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft?

It is the bond existing between atoms in a water molecule which makes a stable pair through sharing of electrons.

The partial negative charge on the O of one molecule can form a bond with the partial positive charge on the hydrogens of other molecules. Water molecules are also attracted to other polar molecules and to ions. This phenomenon occurs due to existence of a certain type of bond called...

The robustness of the water molecule means that it stays as a water molecule within our atmosphere because there is not enough energy available to break the ionic bonds and create separate oxygen and hydrogen molecules.

The main reason why ice floats in liquid water.

Among hydrogen, air, oil SAE 10 and Oil no. 3, which of them flows fastest at 70 deg C?

Defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 kelvin.

Heating causes the movement of water molecules and that the movement requires the breaking of the hydrogen bonds linking them. The large amount of energy required to break the ionic bonds in water gives it such a high specific heat capacity.

It is calculated by taking the moles of solute and dividing by the kilograms of solution.

Water on the surface of spongy and palisade cells (inside the leaf) evaporates and then diffuses out of the leaf through the stomata. As the xylem cells make a continuous tube from the leaf, down the stem to the roots, this acts like a drinking straw, producing a flow of water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves. The process described above is what we call the __________.

The rate of flow of water measured in volume per area of the stream.

As the time from the beginning of storm increases, what happens to the infiltration capacity into soil based on the Horton's Equation?

Precipitation in the water balance equation represents the main input of water to a surface. Precipitation is a flux of either rainfall or snowfall.

The storage term includes soil moisture, deep groundwater, water in lakes, glaciers, seasonal snow cover. The runoff flux is the movement of liquid water above and below the surface of the earth.

Portion of precipitation that infiltrates into the soil and moves horizontally through the shallow soil horizon without ever reaching the water table.

It is the primary connection in the water cycle that provides for the delivery of atmospheric water to the Earth

Water that exists underground in saturated zones beneath the land surface.