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WorksheetsD 2-4 & 2-5 Review
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 3hrs 30mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
When an ecosystem is only rock, no life exists. What form of succession is about to begin?
a)
pioneer
b)
primary
c)
secondary
2.
Resource depletion, pollution, and habitat loss are all environmental problems caused by what factor?
a)
acid rain
b)
introduced species
c)
human activities
3.
Which of the following human activities is most likely to affect water quantity in an area?
a)
boating on a lake
b)
constructing a dam
c)
piloting oil tankers across the ocean
4.
The diagram shows a person commuting to work. Which of the following best describes what the person is doing?
a)
recycling natural resources
b)
depleting natural resources
c)
conserving natural resources
5.
What happens when an ecosystem undergoes eutrophication?
a)
An exotic species is introduced into a region.
b)
The density of people living in an area increases.
c)
The amount of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem increases.
6.
How might the channelization (used to straighten rivers to improve travel and other activities) of rivers affect populations in river ecosystems?
a)
Aquatic species might find new food sources.
b)
Aquatic species might adapt to land environments.
c)
Aquatic species might lose the conditions they need to survive.
7.
What happens when resource depletion occurs?
a)
nutrients are added to an aquatic ecosystem
b)
a large fraction of a specific resource is used up
c)
materials are changed in form so they can be reused
8.
Farmers often give their crops more nutrients by applying chemical fertilizers to the soil. Which of the following describes how this activity is most likely to affect water quality in nearby water bodies?
a)
If the fertilizers run off into the water, they can cause eutrophication.
b)
If the fertilizers run off into the water, the water will be able to support a greater diversity of organisms.
c)
Applying chemical fertilizers to soil is unlikely to affect water quality in nearby water bodies.
9.
How would the introduction of an exotic species most likely affect an ecosystem?
a)
It would increase the available resources.
b)
It would compete with native species for resources.
c)
It would cause the size of the ecosystem to increase.
10.
How might acid rain harm the environment?
a)
It traps heat near Earth’s surface.
b)
It lowers the pH of bodies of water on the ground.
c)
It allows harmful radiation from the sun to reach Earth.
11.
Which of the following organisms is most likely to be a pioneer species in an ecosystem?
a)
a tall tree
b)
moss
c)
a shrub
12.
Which ecosystem most likely has the greatest biological diversity?
a)
a tank that includes several goldfish
b)
a pine tree in which three groups of birds live
c)
a rain forest that has many different types of plants and animals
13.
The diagram below shows an example of ecological succession. How can you tell from the diagram that this is an example of secondary succession rather than of primary succession?
a)
No plants exist when the process begins.
b)
Soil is present at the beginning of the process.
c)
The process ends with the growth of large trees.
14.
The diagram below shows changes occurring in an ecosystem over time. What is happening in the diagram?
a)
Soil is being removed from an ecosystem over time.
b)
An ecosystem is slowly being eliminated from a region.
c)
Biological communities are gradually being replaced by other communities.
15.
How does natural eutrophication affect a pond ecosystem?
a)
It causes nutrients to build up.
b)
It causes temperatures to rise.
c)
It causes the pond to become deeper.
16.
How is the number of species in an ecosystem related to the stage of ecological succession?
a)
The number of species increases as succession proceeds.
b)
The number of species decreases as an ecosystem becomes mature.
c)
The number of species present when succession begins remains the same.
17.
What does biodiversity indicate about an ecosystem?
a)
the overall size of the ecosystem
b)
the ability of the ecosystem to survive change
c)
the identify of the organisms that began ecological succession in the ecosystem
18.
Having a high biodiversity makes an ecosystem stronger.
a)
True
b)
False
19.
Select four options that demonstrate practicing conservation.
a)
driving an automoblie
b)
riding a bike
c)
reusing resources when possible
d)
composting
e)
reducing the use of resources
20.
Overfishing negatively impacts ecosystems by removing fish and wildlife at a faster rate than they can be replaced, causing lower populations.
a)
True
b)
False
21.
Select three choices that complete this statement. Stewardship protects Earth's ecosystems by...
a)
prevent damage to ecosystems
b)
depleting resources
c)
carefully and responsibly managing resources
d)
protecting species and habitats
e)
littering
22.
A ______________ is one of the first species of organisms to live in an area.
a)
pioneer species
b)
climax species
c)
primary succession
23.
_______________ is an increase in the ratio or density of people living in urban areas rather than rural areas.
a)
urbanization
b)
rural expansion
c)
primary succession
d)
secondary succession
24.
Explain the difference between an exotic species and an invasive exotic species.
a)
An exotic species is a species that is native to a particular region. An invasive exotic species cannot compete native species for resources.
b)
An exotic species is a species that is not native to a particular region. An invasive exotic species can outcompete native species for resources.
25.
What is pollution?
a)
Pollution is an unwanted change in the environment caused by substances or forms of energy.
b)
Pollution is a wanted change in the environment caused by substances or forms of energy.
26.
What are two ways to practice conservation?
a)
Use more natural resources and reduce waste
b)
Use fewer natural resources and reduce waste
27.
Some detergents contain phosphates, chemicals that act like fertilizers. If wastewater from washing machines enters a local lake, will the fish population increase or decrease?
a)
Decrease. Waste runoff will increase algae growth. As the algae die and decompose, dissolved oxygen levels will decrease and the fish will die.
b)
Increase. Waste runoff will decrease algae growth.
28.
What will most likely happen to a native species if an exotic species out-competes it for food?
a)
The native species will become extinct.
b)
The native species will adapt to less food.
c)
The native species will find another food source.
d)
The native species will use the exotic species for food.
29.
Which of the following might decrease the amount of water available in an ecosystem?
a)
spilling oil
b)
dumping sewage
c)
constructing a dam
d)
producing acid rain
30.
Which of the following strategies is most likely to help conserve natural resources?
a)
spraying chemical fertizliers on crops
b)
investing in power plants that burn fossil fuels
c)
leaving electronic devices running when not in use
d)
taking buses or subways to work rather than driving cars
31.
How does an increase in the human population affect ecosystems?
a)
A larger human population increases Earth's biodiversity.
b)
A larger human population has a greater need for natural resources.
c)
A larger human population produces more natural resources for living things.
d)
A larger human population helps matter cycle through ecosystems more quickly.
32.
The diagram shows a large ecosystem surrounding a pond. How might animals in the ecosystem be harmed by the human activity shown in the diagram?
a)
Many animal species might be prevented from mating.
b)
Some animal species may be able to travel more easily.
c)
Animal species may have to compete for food resources.
d)
Additional resources might be created for animal species.
33.
____ are the first organisms to live in an uninhabited area.
a)
biodiversity
b)
succession
c)
pioneer species
d)
climax community
34.
____ is the number and variety of species that are present in an area.
a)
biodiversity
b)
succession
c)
pioneer species
d)
climax community
35.
The gradual development or replacement of one ecological community by another is called _____.
a)
biodiversity
b)
succession
c)
pioneer species
d)
climax community
36.
Explain how eutrophication can change an aquatic ecosystem into a land ecosystem.
a)
Eutrophication is the increase in nutrients in a pond or lake. This increases plant growth. As plants die, they fill in the pond. Over time, the pond can fill in completely.
b)
Eutrophication is the decrease in nutrients in a pond or lake. This decreases plant growth and increases algae growth. As plants die and algae grows, they fill in the pond. Over time, the pond can fill in completely.
37.
What is the major difference between primary and secondary succession?
a)
Primary Succession; the forest fire would take out everything in its path.
b)
Primary succession takes place on exposed surfaces with no soil, where nothing has lived before. Secondary succession takes place where soil and some plant life still exist.
c)
Secondary Succession; a forest fire would leave the soil intact.
38.
Explain the important role a pioneer species plays in succession.
a)
Pioneer species are the first organisms that return to an area. These species are animals.
b)
Pioneer species are the first organisms that can live in a previously uninhabited area. These species make soil.
39.
Use the image to answer the question. Between visits 1 and 7, what kind of ecological succession is shown?
a)
Primary Succession; there is some grass and soil present at Visit 1.
b)
Secondary Succession: there is some grass and soil present at Visit 1.
40.
Use the image to answer the question. If a fire occurs at visit 5, what kind of ecological succession is more likely to occur thereafter?
a)
Secondary Succession; a forest fire would leave the soil intact.
b)
Primary Succession; the forest fire would take out everything in its path.
41.
How might biodiversity help an ecosystem recover from a volcanic eruption?
a)
Diverse organisms have different adaptations for survival. A variety of different adaptations would help ensure some species survive to grow.
b)
Pioneer species are the first organisms that return to an area. These species are animals.
42.
How is secondary succession different from primary succession?
a)
Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance in an area that was previously uninhabited.
b)
Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance in an area in which the soil has remained intact.
c)
Secondary succession occurs over a longer period of time than primary succession.
d)
Secondary succession occurs when animals are introduced to an area that had only plants.
43.
How do pioneer species make ecological succession possible on an island formed from volcanic eruptions?
a)
They use chemicals to produce food.
b)
They establish homes in which animals can live.
c)
They break down rock into soil in which plants can grow.
d)
They adjust the climate by altering the average temperature in a region.
44.
Which statement best describes ecosystems?
a)
They can never change once they are established.
b)
They constantly change in different ways over time.
c)
Ecosystems always revert back to their original state.
d)
Each ecosystem can exist for only a specific length of time.
45.
Which term best describes the number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time?
a)
carrying capacity
b)
biodiversity
c)
succession
d)
eutrophication
46.
The diagram shows changes to a pond ecosystem over time. Through which of the following processes are plant communities taking over the ecosystem?
a)
acidification
b)
primary succession
c)
climate disturbance
d)
natural eutrophication
47.
pollution that comes from one source, such as an oil spill
a)
resource depletion
b)
pollution
c)
point-source pollution
d)
nonpoint-source pollution
48.
pollution that comes from many sources
a)
urbanization
b)
resource depletion
c)
pollution
d)
point-source pollution
e)
nonpoint-source pollution
49.
any material or condition that harms the environment such as the burning of fossil fuels
a)
resource depletion
b)
pollution
c)
point-source pollution
d)
nonpoint-source pollution
50.
What are Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle known as?
a)
the three R's
b)
ways to conserve
c)
good advice
d)
stewardship
e)
words
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