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WorksheetsCh 5: Immunity, Inflammation, & Infection
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 2hrs 44mins
A physician has just told a patient that he has an autoimmune condition. What is the correct term for this type of condition
the patient's immune system is not adequate to prevent infection
the patient has acquired an infection in health care facility
the patient's immune system is attacking his own tissues
the patient has immune inflammation caused by an infection
the nurse inspects for inflammation at an intravenous infusion site. which of the following are classic signs of local inflammation
select all that apply
heat
drainage
redness
swelling
in the first phase of the inflammatory process, capillary permeability increases. what purpose does this increase serve
reduces pain in the inflamed tissue by diluting bradykin
draws excess fluid out of inflamed tissue to reduce swelling
allows monocytes and neutrophils to pass into the inflamed tissue
counteracts broncho-constriction in antigen-antibody reactions
why have numerous antibacterial drugs but relatively few antiviral drugs been develop
virus have a more advanced ability to develop resistance to drugs
making antibacterial drug is more profitable because only a few chemical that are capable killing viruses have been develop
very few chemicals that are capable of killing viruses have been developed
the virus lives inside the host cells and drug that harm host cells as well
Characteristics of the incubation period of the infectious process include which of the following
the infected person is often very contagious
signs and symptoms are most severe
a high fever is usually the only symptom present
the patient is in the recovery phase of infection
patients on an infectious disease unit have each of the infections listed. which is/ are health care - associated infection(s)
select all that apply
gonorrhea
hepatitis
tuberculosis
vancomycin - resistant enteroccus
Nurses on an infectious disease unit want to implement measures to reduce bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. which measure(s) will help to prevent the development of bacterial resistance
SATA
Antimicrobials are discontinued as soon as symptoms resolves
Antimicrobial selection is based on the results of culture and sensitivity tests
antimicrobials are prescribed only for serious infections
vaccination for infectious diseases are encouraged
the primary mode of transmission of health care - associated infections is
soiled caregiver hands
direct contact between patients
organism brought in by visitors
faulty sterilization procedures
which statement is true regarding the need to use standard precautions
standard precautions are required only when caring for patients who open wounds
standard precaution are required only when caring for any patient in any setting
standard precautions are required when caring for patients with tuberculosis, hepatitis, or HIV infection
standard precautions are required only when caring for patients who are highly susceptible
the advantage of using HEPA filter respirators rather than surgical masks is that
surgical mask are too expensive for routine use
HEPA filter respirators protect the caregiver by filtering inspired air
Surgical mask protect the caregiver against tuberculosis but not other infections
HEPA filter respirators protect the patient but not the caregriver
after vaccination for measles, a person will not become ill if exposed to the measles virus. the patient's ability to resist the measles virus. the patient's ability yo resist the measles virus is called
innate immunity
nonspecific defense mechanism
active acquired immunity
passive acquired immunity
nursing care of the immunosuppressed patient should include which of the following
take rectal temperatures every 4 hours to detect low grade fever
encourage consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables to increase vitamin intake
encourage the family to bring in live plants to increase oxygen in the room
emphasize the need for proper hand washing by patients visitors and staff
an antigen that cause a hypersensitive reaction
allergen
antibody
antigen
multidrug - resistance organsims (MDROs)
a protein that is created in response to a specific antigen
allergen
antibody
antigen
multidrug -resistance organism (MDROs)
a substance usually a protein that is capable of stimulating a response from the immune system
allergen
antibody
antigen
multidrug - resistant organisms (MDROs)
microorganism that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial
allergen
antibody
antigen
multidrug - resistant organism
hospital - acquired infections (infections that were not present at the time of admission)
inflammatory
Health-care associated infection
autoimmunity
communicable disease
a condition in which the body is unable to distinguish self from non-self, causing the immune system to react and destroy its own tissue
health care - associated infection
autoimmunity
immunodeficient
contamination
illness cause by infectious organisms or their toxins that can be transmitted, either directly or indirectly from one person to another
health care - associated infection
communicable disease
autoimmunity
immunodeficiency
condition in which the immune system is unable to defend the body against organisms
health care -associated infection
autoimmunity
communicable disease
immunodeficiency
which are infectious agents?
select all that apply
helminths
protoza
fungi
viruses
which are observable signs (objective data) of infection
select all that apply
redness
pus
swelling
heat
which is the right order of the chain of infection
A. causative agent
B. reservoir
C. portal of exit
D. susceptible host
E. mode of transfer
F. Portal of entry
1. A
2.C
3. D
4. E
5. F
6.B
1. F
2. B
3. C
4. D
5.A
6. E
1.E
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. F
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. E
5. F
6. D
which classifications of medications often place patients at risk for infections
sata
immuno-suppressants
antithypertensives
steroids
antineoplastics
which are laboratory tests used to screen patients for infections
sata
white blood cells differentiated count
liver function
electrolytes
blood cultures
what are reasons for a delayed healing process in older adults
sata
decreased tissue elasticity
decreased lean muslce mass
decreased blood supply to tissue
decrease renal function
which are common allergens
sata
animal dander
molds
foods, latex gloves
pollens. cigarette smoke
which are reasons for development of resistant bacterial strains
sata
bacterial cells develop mutations
overuse of antibotics
introduction of allergnes
exposure to cigarette smoke
which nursing considerations are recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevenion to prevent antimicronial resistance in long - term care patients
sata
encourage patients to have annual influenxa vaccine
carefully monitor blood glucose
promptly report diarrhea in patients on antibiotics; cause may be C. difficile
carefully collect specimens for culture to prevent contamination
contact with substance requires the use of standard precuations when the nurse is performing procedures
sata
patient's blood
mucous membrances
intact skin
body fluids
which are complications for which the nurse monitors the patient during hyperbaric oxtgen therapy
ear pain
eye pain
seiizures
bradycardia
which are antigens
sata
microorganisms
white blood cells
environmental substances
dust
which body organs are involved in immunity
sata
bone marrow
lungs
lymph nodes
spleen
prostaglandins, histamine, and leukotrienes are examples of
hormonal factors
chemical mediators
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is antiinflammatory is:
epinephrine
cortisol
aldosterone
thyroxine
cells that are produced to clean up inflammatory debris are called
fibroblasts
platelets
neutrophils
marchrophages
which is a sign of local infection
fever
chills
warm skin
pale skin
many childhood illnesses such as measles and chickenpox and some forms of hepatitis are casused by
viruses
bacteria
protozoa
fungi
it os seldom possible to kill viruses because.
replication of the virus occurs within the host cell
the cell wall can be destroyed with drugs
the cell wall requires oxygen for functions
the host cell is separate from the virus
ringworm (tinea corporis) and the athlete's foot (tinea pedis) are examples of disease caused by
bacteria
viruses
fungi
protozoa
which types of patients are most susceptible to health care - associated infections
sata
patient with pneumonia
patients with myocardial infarctions
patients with AIDS
cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
the overgrowth of a second microorganism that can cause illness following antibiotic therapy for one microorganism is called
thrombophlebitis
superinfection
sexually transmitted infection
septicemia
the most basic and effective method of preventing cross contamination is
hand hygiene
antibiotics
isolation
use of grown and gloves
the elimination of microorganism from any abject that comes in contact with the patient is called
medical asepsis
clean technique
isolation techniqu
surgical asepsis
how much fluid is required by patients with infection
1 L / day
2 L / day
5 L / day
10 L / day
teaching for patient undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy includes
do not take aspirin 1 week before
do not wear a watch
swallow first to prevent pressure buildup
wear everyday clothes
an advantage of home health care for infected patients is that the patient is
exposed to fewer health care - associated infections
not capable of spreading infections to others
not exposed to poorly prepared food
vulnerable to poor hygiene
which type of precaution is used to prevent the transmission of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections
airborne
droplet
respiratory
contact
people with generalized infections become dehydrated because of
poor skin turgor and dry mouth
dry mucous membranes and decreased metabolism
inflammation and pain
fever and anorexia
a diet recommended for patients with infection is
low sodium
high fiber
high protein
low potassium
a common side effect of broad - sppectrum antibiotics is
superinfection
hemorrhage
hypotension
hypokalemia
in anaphylaxis, what is an effect of histamine
bronchospasm
vasoconstriction
phagocytosis
decreased vascular permeability
which drug are used to treat anaphylaxis
sata
atropine
diphenhydramine
corticosteroids
epinephrine
a 36 - year - old female patient has mutiple sclerosis. which tissues and organs are affected
heart and kidney tissue
white matter of brain and spinal cord
lung tissue and liver cells
spleen tissue and thymus gland
what are common portals of entry for flu and colds viruses
sata
mouth
skin
nose
conjunctiva
it is now necessart to give two or more drugs to tuberculosis patient because
it prolongs the effects of each drug
it potentiates the effect of each drug
strains of bacteria resistance to drugs have developed
more people are susceptible to tuberculosis
a common protozoal infection that occurs as an opportunistic infection in persons who are HIV - positive is
pneumocystic pneumonia
rocky mountain spotted fever
thrush
conjunctivitis
any items that have been touch or cross contaiminated by the host, such as bed linens or side rails are
vectors
common vehicles
pathogens
fomites
which are effects of histamine on the body when it is released during anaphylaxis
sata
shock from hypervolemia
decreased vascular permeability
edema
bronchospasm
the nurse is taking care of a patient with influenza who is on droplet precautions.
which are true statements aboutb droplet precautions
wear gloves when entering the patients room
the patient must wear a surgical mask when leaving the room
the door to the room must be closed
staff and visitors must wear a surgical mask if they are within 3 feet of the patient
the nurse is reviewing common reportable disease in a staff development program. which are common reportable diesease
sata
syphilis
hypertension
gonorrhea
hepatitis
the nurse is caring for patients with the following illnesses. which illnesses require the use of airborne precautions
sata
pneumonia
measles
tuberculosis
varicella
the nurse is caring for patients with the following conditions
which require contact precautions
sata
influenza
impetigo
wound infection
viral conjunctivitis
what general health practices can help slow the developmnt of MDROs in patients
sata
encourage vaccinations for communicable disease
reserve antibiotics for serious infections
remove gown and gloves immediately after leaving the patient's room
place the patient in a private room
the priority nursing responsibilty when taking care of a patient with immunodeficiency is to
avoid rectal thermometers
encourage adequate nurtitional intake
prevenet infection
enocourage the patient toturn, to turn, cough, and breathe deeply encourage
the nurse is taking care of a patient who has a temperature of 98.8 F , pulse 70, respirations 18. the wbc is 3000/mm3. which food will be eliminated from the patient's diet
fresh produce
aged cheeses
whole milk
peanut butter
the infection control nurse is teaching a class on infection control precautions to prevent the transmission of MDROs in health care settings
which statement should the nurse incorporate when caring for a patient with an MDRO infection
implement contact precautions for all patients known to be infected with MDROs in acute cae setting
wear a mask routinely to prevent transmission of MDROs from the patient to the nurse
keep the door to the patients room closed
the patient shoud wear a mask when visitors are present
food-borne illness is a common community - acquired infectious disease often caused by
pseudomonas
diphtheria
streptococcus
salmonella
what percentage of the U.S. population suffers from allergies of some sort
under 5%
20-24%
40-45%
50-75%
allergy testing is performed by injecting small amounts of allergen
intradermally
intramuscular
intravenously
intersitially
