It is the study of biological diversity which focuses on the evolutionary history of organisms.

(a)  

It is the process of arranging objects, ideas or information

into groups based on shared characteristics or criteria.

(a)  

Linnaeus' System of Classification includes SEVEN levels. These are?

(from smallest to largest)

(a)  

It is the smallest and the most basic unit or category of classification.

(a)  

It is defined as a group of species that shares a common ancestor.

(a)  

It consists of related genera (singular: genus).

(a)  

It consists of related families.

(a)  

It consists of related orders.

(a)  

It consists of related classes.

(a)  

In more traditional classification systems, it is common in plant and fungi taxonomy to use (a)   , instead of phylum.

It is composed of related phylum (plural: phyla) or division.

(a)  

More recently, it becomes the broadest taxa or taxonomic category, which contains closely related kingdoms.

(a)  

It is based on the idea that each species is a distinct group of organisms that shares certain characteristics, which distinguish them from other species.

(a)  

Who are the TWO evolutionary biologists that defined the biological species concept?

(a)  

According to this species concept, a species is a group of organisms that are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

(a)  

According to this species concept, a species is a single lineage of ancestor-descendant sequence of populations with distinct identity and evolutionary tendencies.

(a)  

This species concept was developed from the evolutionary species concept which defines a species as a cluster of organisms that are distinct from other clusters of organisms.

(a)  

What are the SIX kingdoms of life?

(a)  

He discovered the first unicellular organisms.

(a)  

He proposed the third Kingdom, Protista.

(a)  

He introduced the terms 'Prokaryotes' and 'Eukaryotes'.

(a)  

He proposed the fourth Kingdom, Monera.

(a)  

He proposed the fifth Kingdom, Fungi.

(a)  

He proposed the division of the Kingdom Monera into 'Eubacteria' and 'Archaebacteria'.

(a)  

What are the THREE domains of life?

(a)  

Eubacteria is also known as the?

(a)  

Organisms that are classified under this domain are perceived to be more primitive than bacteria, and are considered to be more closely related to eukaryotes.

(a)  

Organisms of the Domain and/or Kingdom Archaea do not contain

peptidoglycan in their cell walls, but a complex form of

glycoprotein called?

(a)  

They are said to be extreme thermophiles because of their ability to survive in extreme environmental conditions.

(a)  

The main characteristic of the members of this group is the presence of membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

(a)  

What are the FOUR kingdoms that is included in Domain Eukarya?

(a)  

This group includes all prokaryotic and unicellular bacteria. The members of this group are so diverse that they can survive difficult environmental conditions.

(a)  

Organisms of the Domain and/or Kingdom Bacteria have their cell walls composed of polysaccharide called?

(a)  

He is called the 'Father of Taxonomy'

(a)  

In this book, Carolus Linnaeus introduced the naming system called binomial nomenclature.

(a)  

It is a system of giving organisms two names.

(a)  

In binomial nomenclature, the first name refers to the _____ group to which the organism belongs, and the second name refers to the _____ group of the organism.

(a)  

It is the language used in binomial nomenclature, mainly because the language is unchanging or "dead", and is historically the language used in science and education at that time.

(a)  

It is a natural system of classification based on the evolutionary history or genealogy shared by a group of organisms.

(a)  

These are inherited features that vary among species.

(a)  

These are body parts that are similar in structure but may have different functions.

(a)  

Different forms of body part that emerged from the ancestral form resulted in an

evolutionary pattern called?

(a)  

These are body parts that may have similar functions but are of different morphological construction.

(a)  

Structures that eventually take similar form because of comparable environmental stresses result in an evolutionary pattern called?

(a)  

These are powerful tools in determining species similarities and reconstructing phylogenies.

(a)  

It illustrates how related organisms evolved from a common descent based on the best reliable evidences. It is is based on the comparisons on ribosomal RNA base sequences among living organisms.

(a)  

What are the TWO main types of characters?

(a)  

It is found within the entire lineage of descent of a group of organisms.

(a)  

It is found in members of one group but not in the common ancestor.

(a)  

It is an analytical method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships.

(a)  

Cladistics is depicted through a branching diagram called?

(a)  

A branch of a cladogram with a common ancestor and all the descendants is called a?

(a)  

A clade is also known as a?

(a)  

These are groups of organisms that include an inferred ancestor but not all descendants of that ancestor.

(a)  

It is a group of organisms where the species do not share a common ancestor.

(a)  

What are the THREE step processes in Recombinant DNA Technology? (by order)

(a)  

DNA stands for?

(a)  

RNA stands for?

(a)  

What are the "BIG" FIVE mass extinctions in earth's history?

(a)  

It refers to the number and kinds of organisms in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

(a)  

What are the TWO fundamental evolutionary processes that brought influence to the change in biodiversity?

(a)  

It is the emergence of new species as a result of divergence between groups that compromised pre-existing populations.

(a)  

It is the complete decimation or disappearance of species for failing to adapt to changes in the environment.

(a)  

It is the branch of science that deals with the study of the earth and its processes.

(a)  

It is the branch of biology that deals with the study of how species spread across the planet.

(a)  

It is the science that deals with the study of fossils.

(a)  

It is the technique used to estimate the age of a specimen through the fixed decay rate of radioactive isotopes.

(a)  

These are the remains of extinct plants and animals embedded in sedimentary rocks.

(a)  

It is the largest division in the geologic timescale.

(a)  

It is the smallest division in the geologic timescale.

(a)  

Eons are subdivided into?

(a)  

Eras are subdivided into?

(a)  

It presents the sequence of events that happened in the Earth's history.

(a)  

What are the FOUR divisions in the geologic timescale?

(from largest to smallest)

(a)  

Periods are subdivided into?

(a)  

This era is referred to as the "Age of Mammals".

(a)  

This era is referred to as the "Age of Reptiles".

(a)  

It was the biggest mass extinction in earth's history.

(a)  

The Paleozoic Era began with a spectacular burst of new life. This was called the?

(a)  

This era lasted for 300 million years and invertebrates emerged during this period.

(a)  

This era lasted for 180 million years and it was the "Golden Age for

Dinosaurs and Mammals" which evolved in this era.

(a)  

This era started 65 million years ago until present and it is the "Golden Age for

Mammals."

(a)  

What are the FOUR eons in the geologic timescale?

(a)  

It was the oldest eon in the geologic timescale.

(a)  

It is a division of geologic history with spans of no more than 100 million years.

(a)  

What are the THREE periods under the Mesozoic Era?

(a)  

It spans about 88% of the geologic timescale.

(a)  

He proposed the Theory of Evolution.

(a)  

It is the process by which organisms with traits suited to an environment, or favorable traits, have better chance of surviving and reproducing than those that are not suited.

(a)  

It is a technique in which allow genes from one organism to be transferred into the DNA of another organism.

(a)  

He was an American Horticulturist and regarded as "one of the greatest selective breeders." Without any knowledge of genetics, he produced 800 other varieties of fruits and vegetables.

(a)  

Luther Burbank developed the famous potato called?

(a)  

What are the TWO methods of plant breeding?

(a)  

What are the FOUR breeding methods for self-pollinating plant species?

(a)  

It is the process of choosing ideal plants from a large number of populations to serve as breeding parents.

(a)  

It is also called outbreeding. It aims to combine desirable traits in the parent plants and produce pure-breeding progenies that are far more superior than the parental generations.

(a)  

In the development of hybrid varieties, parent plants with contrasting traits are crossed up to the F1 generation only. The underlying purpose is to produce F1 hybrids that have better traits than their parents. This is referred to as?

(a)  

What are the THREE breeding methods used in cross-pollinated plant species?

(a)  

What are the THREE breeding methods for animal breeding?

(a)  

It deals with the techniques of identifying, manipulating, and transferring specific portion of the genes from one organism to another to produce characteristics in plants and animals faster and more precisely than normal breeding processes.

(a)  

It refers to the transgenic organisms to perform certain tasks to benefit humankind.

(a)  

These are bacterial enzymes that are used as "cutting tools".

(a)  

This enzyme joins together the complementary sticky ends of two DNA fragments.

(a)  

It is a method employed by genetic engineers in altering and modifying the characteristics of microorganisms.

(a)  

The genetic engineering of bacteria has found applications in (a)   ?

This is the bacteria that causes pneumonia.

(a)  

This is a type of virus that attacks bacteria.

(a)  

He is a Biochemist who determined the basic structure of the nucleotides that make up a DNA molecule.

(a)  

What are the THREE components in the structure of DNA?

(a)  

What are the FOUR nitrogenous bases of DNA?

(a)  

In RNA, the base Thymine is replaced with?

(a)  

What are the FOUR nitrogenous bases of RNA?

(a)  

Adenine and Guanine are called (a)   because of their double-ringed chemical structures.

Thymine and Cytosine are called (a)   because of their single-ringed chemical structures.

He is an American Biochemist who discovered that the amount of Guanine is almost equal to the amount of Cytosine, and the amount of Adenine is almost equal to the amount of Thymine.

(a)  

A = T and G = C is known as?

(a)  

Who are the FOUR scientists that provided information about the structure of DNA?

(a)  

What are the THREE components in the structure of RNA?

(a)  

It is often compared to a twisted ladder and described as a double helix.

(a)  

The two strands of DNA molecules are held together by (a)   between base pairs.

During this process, the parental DNA strands separate and serve as templates to produce exact duplicates by following base-pairing rules.

(a)  

It is the process which the DNA replicates during the cell cycle, doubling its amount, and is partitioned into two daughter cells.

(a)  

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology can be summed up simply as "_____ makes _____ makes _____".

(a)  

It is described as the flow of genetic information which the expression of DNA follows.

(a)  

It is the first event in the flow of information where the process results in the synthesis of RNA molecules.

(a)  

It is the second event in the flow of information where the process which adapts the information in a type of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) to the amino acids, which makes up proteins.

(a)  

It is the principal molecule involved in decoding the genetic information contained in DNA.

(a)  

What are the THREE major types of RNA?

(a)  

These are long strands of RNA that are formed complementary to one of the DNA strands. They carry the instructions coded by the DNA, and thus serve as the DNA's messengers.

(a)  

These are a type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

(a)  

These are smaller segments of RNA that transports one amino acid after another to the ribosome.

(a)  

A region in the tRNA has a special triplet of bases called (a)   , which is complementary to or can base pair with a codon triplet in mRNA.

The code contained in the DNA and RNA is called?

(a)  

What is the name of the book published by Charles Darwin where he established the theory of evolution by natural selection?

(a)  

What is the scientific name of Cat?

(a)  

What is the scientific name of Dog?

(a)  

E. coli stands for?

(a)  

What is the scientific name of Garlic?

(a)  

What is the scientific name of Onion?

(a)  

What is the scientific name of Shallot?

(a)  

This genus group generally refers to herbaceous plants that propagate from an underground organ, such as a bulb, a tuber, a corm, or rhizome.

(a)  

DNA replication takes place during what phase of mitosis or meiosis?

(a)  

What are the THREE steps of DNA replication?

(a)  

It is the change in chemical composition of DNA which results in variation among organisms.

(a)  

What is the codon for Methionine?

(a)  

It is the start signal or first amino acid when polypeptide chain is assembled.

(a)  

These codons end polypeptide chain.

(a)  

He was the first to discover that the heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria contained a factor that can transform harmless bacteria into infectious bacteria.

(a)  

Chargaff's Rule

If a DNA molecule is composed of 30% Thymine, what percent of the molecule would be made up of Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine?

(a)  

Chargaff's Rule

If a DNA molecule contains a total of 900 bases, 35% of the bases are Guanine. How many bases will be Thymine?

(a)