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FUNDAMENTALS End Chapter Exam 3

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which skills can the nurse delegate to assistive personnel (AP)?

a)

Initiate oxygen therapy via nasal cannula

b)

Educate the pt about the use of an incentive spirometer

c)

Assist w/ the care of an established tracheostomy tube

d)

Reposition a pt w/ a chest tube

2.

The nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. On entering the room, the nurse finds the patient lying in bed, coughing, and unable to clear secretions. What should the nurse do first?

a)

Start O2 at 2L/min via nasal cannula

b)

Elevate HOB to 45 degrees

c)

Encourage pt to use the incentive spirometer

d)

Notify the health care provider

3.

The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What statement, made by the patient, indicates the need for further teaching?

a)

“Pursed-lip breathing is like exercise for my lungs and will help me strengthen my breathing muscles.”

b)

“When I am sick, I should limit the amount of fluids I drink so that I don’t produce excess mucus.”

c)

“I will ensure that I receive an influenza vaccine every year, preferably in the fall.”

d)

“I will look for a smoking-cessation support group in my neighborhood.

4.

Which assessment findings indicate that the patient is experiencing an acute disturbance in oxygenation and requires immediate intervention?

a)

SpO2 values of 95%

b)

Chest retractions

c)

Resp rate of 28 breaths per minute

d)

Nasal flaring

e)

Clubbing of finger

5.

The nurse is caring for a patient with an artificial airway. What are reasons to suction the patient?

a)

The pt has visible secretions in the airway

b)

There is a sawtooth pattern on the pt's EtCO2 monitor

c)

The pt has clear breath sounds

d)

It has been 3 hrs since the pt was last suctioned

e)

The pt has excessive coughing

6.

The nurse is caring for a patient with a chest tube for treatment of a right pneumothorax. Which assessment finding necessitates immediate notification of the health care provider?

a)

New, vigorous bubbling in the water seal chamber

b)

Scant amount of sanguineous drainage noted on the dressing

c)

Clear but slightly diminished breath sounds on the rt side of the chest

d)

Pain score of 2 one hr after admin of an analgesic

7.

The nurse has just witnessed her patient go into cardiac arrest. The family is in the patient’s room at the time the cardiac arrest occurs. What priority interventions should the nurse perform at this time?

a)

Perform chest compressions

b)

Ask someone to bring the automatic external defibrillator (AED) to the room for immediate defibrillation

c)

Apply O2 via nasal cannula

d)

Place the patient supine

e)

Educate the family about the need for CPR

8.

The nurse is performing tracheostomy care on a patient. What finding would indicate that the tracheostomy tube has become dislodged?

a)

Clear breath sounds

b)

Pt speaking to nurse

c)

SpO2 reading of 96%

d)

Resp rate of 18 breaths/min

9.

When planning patient education, it is important to remember that patients with which of the following illnesses may find relief in complementary therapies?

a)

Lupus and diabetes

b)

Ulcers and hepatitis

c)

Heart disease and pancreatitis

d)

Chronic back pain and arthritis

10.

Which complementary therapies are most easily learned and applied by a nurse?

a)

Therapeutic massage therapy

b)

Traditional Chinese medicine

c)

Progressive relaxation

d)

Breath work and guided imagery

e)

Therapeutic touch

11.

While planning care for a pt, a nurse understands that providing integrative care includes treating which of the following?

a)

Disease, spirit, and family interactions

b)

Desires and emotions of the patient

c)

Mind-body-spirit of patients and their families

d)

Muscles, nerves, and spine disorders

12.

Which cognitive skills can a patient develop while practicing relaxation?

a)

Increasing an ability to focus attention for an extended period of time

b)

Limiting stimuli that come into one’s field of vision

c)

Stopping a focus on unnecessary goal-directed activity

d)

Being able to tolerate experiences that are uncertain

e)

Building relationships with significant others

13.

A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic arthritis pain. The patient wants to add some complementary therapies to help with pain management. Which therapies might be most effective for controlling pain?

a)

Biofeedback

b)

Acupuncture

c)

Therapeutic touch

d)

Chiropractic therapy

e)

Herbal medicines

14.

A nurse is caring for a patient experiencing a stress response. The nurse plans care with the knowledge that systems respond to stress in what manner?

a)

Always fail and cause illness and disease

b)

Protect an individual from harm in the short term

c)

React the same way for all individuals

d)

Cause negative responses over time

e)

Tolerate the stress response indefinitely

15.

Meditation may intensify the effects of which of these medications?

a)

Steroids

b)

Insulin

c)

Thyroid regulating

d)

Cough syrups

e)

Antihypertensive

16.

Which of the following statements best explains therapeutic touch (TT)?

a)

Intentionally mobilizes energy to balance, harmonize, and repattern the recipient’s biofield

b)

Intentionally heals tissue damage or corrects certain disease symptoms

c)

Is overwhelmingly effective in many conditions

d)

Is completely safe and does not warrant any special precautions

17.

Which statement most accurately describes intervention(s) offered by TCM providers?

a)

Uses acupuncture as its primary intervention modality

b)

Uses many modalities based on the individual’s needs

c)

Uses primarily herbal remedies and exercise

d)

Is the equivalent of medical acupuncture

18.

When working with an older adult who is hearing-impaired, the use of which techniques would improve communication? (Select all that apply.)

a)

Check for needed adaptive equipment

b)

Exaggerate lip movements to help the patient lip-read

c)

Give the patient time to respond to questions.

d)

Keep communication short and to the point.

e)

. Communicate only through written information

19.

A pt has gone through a number of treatment changes during a shift of care. During the hand-off report, the nurse plans to communicate effectively with the nurse who will be caring next for the pt for which of the following reasons?

a)

To improve the nurse’s status with the health team members

b)

To reduce the risk of errors to the patient

c)

To provide an optimum level of patient care

d)

To improve patient outcomes

e)

To prevent issues that need to be reported to outside agencies

20.

A nurse is using motivational interviewing with a patient. What outcomes does the nurse expect?

a)

Gain an understanding of the patient’s health goals.

b)

Direct the patient to avoid poor health choices.

c)

Recognize the patient’s strengths and support the patient’s efforts.

d)

Provide assessment data that can be shared with families to promote change.

e)

Identify differences in patient’s health outcomes and current behaviors.

21.

Which techniques demonstrate a therapeutic response to an adult patient who is anxious?

a)

Matching the rate of speech to be the same as that of the patient

b)

Providing good eye contact

c)

Demonstrating a calm presence

d)

Spending time attentively with the patient

e)

Assuring the patient that all will be well

22.

A patient states, “I don’t have confidence in my doctor. She looks so young.” What is the nurse’s therapeutic response?

a)

Tell me more about your concern.

b)

You have nothing to worry about. Your doctor is perfectly competent.

c)

You can go online and see how others have rated your doctor. I do that.

d)

You should ask your doctor to tell you her background

23.

Which strategies should a nurse use to facilitate a safe transition of care during a patient’s transfer from the hospital to a skilled nursing facility?

a)

Collaboration between staff members from sending and receiving departments

b)

Requiring that the patient visit the facility before a transfer is arranged

c)

Using a standardized transfer policy and transfer tool

d)

Arranging all patient transfers during the same time each day

e)

Relying on family members to share information with the new facility

24.

What outcome demonstrates the effective use of silence as a therapeutic communication technique?

a)

The nurse feels like there was enough time to be therapeutic when communicating with the patient.

b)

The patient states a preference to talk with another staff member

c)

The patient perceives having gained insight into the issue after the conversation.

d)

The patient was able to drift off to sleep more easily

25.

A nurse is administering an oral tablet to a patient. Which of the following steps is the second check for accuracy in determining the patient is receiving the right medication?

a)

Logging on to AMDS or unlocking medicine drawer or cart

b)

Before going to patient’s room, comparing patient’s name and name of medication on label of prepared drugs with MAR

c)

Selecting correct medication from ADMS, unit-dose drawer, or stock supply and comparing name of medication on label with MAR or computer printout.

d)

Comparing MAR or computer printout with names of medications on medication labels and patient name at patient’s bedside

26.

An older adult states that she cannot see her medication bottles clearly to determine when to take her prescription. What actions should the nurse take to help the older adult patient?

a)

Provide a dispensing system for each day of the week

b)

Provide larger, easier-to-read labels

c)

Tell the patient what is in each container

d)

Have a family caregiver administer the medication

e)

Use teach-back to ensure that the patient knows what medication to take and when

27.

Which of the following guidelines must a nurse use for taking verbal or telephone orders?

a)

Follow the health care agency guidelines regarding authorized staff who may receive and record verbal or telephone orders

b)

Clearly identify patient’s name, room number, and diagnosis

c)

Read back all orders to health care provider

d)

Use clarification questions to avoid misunderstandings

e)

Write “VO” (verbal order) or “TO” (telephone order), including date and time, name of patient, and complete order; sign the name of the health care provider and nurse

28.

Which aspects of the patient’s care related to the administration of heparin can the nurse delegate to the nursing AP?

a)

Notify the nurse if there are any signs of bleeding

b)

Assess the vital signs for possible symptoms of bleeding

c)

Assess bleeding sites and apply appropriate pressure to the sites

d)

Notify the nurse if there is blood noted in the patient’s urine

e)

Notify the nurse if there is oozing from any puncture sites

29.

A patient is to receive medications through a small-bore nasogastric feeding. Which nursing actions are appropriate?

a)

Verifying tube placement after medications are given

b)

Using an enteral tube syringe to administer medications

c)

Flushing tube with 30 to 60 mL of water after the last dose of medication

d)

Checking for gastric residual before giving the medications

e)

Keeping the head of the bed elevated for 30 to 60 minutes after the medications are given

30.

After receiving an IM injection in the deltoid, a patient states, “My arm really hurts. It’s burning and tingling where I got my injection.” What should the nurse do next?

a)

Assess the injection site

b)

Administer an oral medication for pain

c)

Notify the patient’s health care provider of assessment findings

d)

Document assessment findings and related interventions in the patient’s medical record

e)

This is a normal finding, so nothing needs to be done

31.

An IV fluid is infusing more slowly than ordered. The infusion pump is set correctly. Which factors could cause this slowing?

a)

Infiltration at VAD site

b)

Patient lying on tubing

c)

Roller clamp wide open

d)

Tubing kinked in bedrails

e)

Circulatory overload

32.

The nurse assesses pain and redness at a VAD site. Which action is taken first?

a)

Apply a warm, moist compress

b)

Aspirate the infusing fluid from the VAD

c)

Report the situation to the health care provider

d)

Discontinue the IV infusion

33.

What assessments does a nurse make before hanging an IV fluid that contains potassium?

a)

Urine output

b)

ABGs

c)

Fullness of neck veins

d)

Serum potassium laboratory value in EHR

e)

Level on consciousness

34.

Which of the following steps are necessary when inserting a short-peripheral IV?

a)

Apply tourniquet to arm 10 to 15 cm (4–6 inches) above the intended insertion site

b)

Cleanse skin using an approved antiseptic agent such as alcohol-based 2% chlorhexidine and allow to dry thoroughly

c)

Stabilize the vein by placing the thumb proximal to the insertion site, stretching the skin in the direction of insertion

d)

Use the smallest-gauge, shortest catheter available and insert with the bevel up at a 10- to 15-degree angle

e)

Observe for blood in the flashback chamber of the catheter and advance the catheter off the needle into the vein

35.

A patient has hypokalemia with stable cardiac function. What are the priority nursing interventions?

a)

Fall prevention interventions

b)

Teaching regarding sodium restriction

c)

Encouraging increased fluid intake

d)

Monitoring for constipation

e)

Explaining how to take daily weights

36.

A patient is admitted to the hospital with severe dyspnea and wheezing. ABG levels on admission are pH 7.26; PaO2, 68 mm Hg; PaCO2, 55 mm Hg; and HCO3 2, 24. How does the nurse interpret these laboratory values?

a)

Metabolic acidosis

b)

Metabolic alkalosis

c)

Respiratory acidosis

d)

Respiratory alkalosis

37.

Which assessment does the nurse use as a clinical marker of vascular volume in a patient at high risk of ECV deficit?

a)

Dryness of mucous membranes

b)

Skin turgor

c)

Fullness of neck veins when supine

d)

Fullness of neck veins when upright

38.

Which of the following signs or symptoms in a patient who is opioid naïve is of greatest concern to the nurse when assessing the patient 1 hour after administering an opioid?

a)

Oxygen saturation of 95%

b)

Difficulty arousing the patient

c)

Respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min

d)

Pain intensity rating of 5 on a scale of 0 to 10

39.

A patient is being discharged home on an around-the-clock (ATC) opioid for postoperative pain. Because of this order, the nurse anticipates an additional order for which class of medication?

a)

Opioid antagonists

b)

Antiemetics

c)

Stool softeners

d)

Muscle relaxants

40.

When using ice massage for pain relief, which of the following is correct?

a)

Apply ice using firm pressure over the skin

b)

Apply ice for 5 minutes or until numbness occurs

c)

Apply ice no more than 3 times a day

d)

Limit application of ice to no longer than 10 minutes

e)

Use a slow, circular steady massage

41.

When teaching a patient about transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which of the following represent an accurate description of the nonpharmacological therapy?

a)

Turn TENS on before patient feels discomfort

b)

TENS works peripherally and centrally on nerve receptors

c)

TENS does not require a health care provider order

d)

Remove any skin preparations before attaching TENS electrodes

e)

Placing electrodes directly over or near the pain site works best

42.

A nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a near-death experience (NDE) following a cardiac arrest. Which intervention by the nurse best promotes the spiritual well-being of the patient after the NDE?

a)

Allowing the patient to discuss the experience

b)

Referring the patient to pastoral care

c)

Having the patient talk to another patient who had an NDE

d)

Offering to pray for the patient

43.

Match the criteria on the with the appropriate assessment question:

Tell me if you have a higher power or authority that helps you act on your beliefs

a)

Faith

b)

Importance of spirituality

c)

Community

d)

Interventions to address spiritual needs

44.

Match the criteria on the with the appropriate assessment question:

Describe which activities give you comfort spiritually.

a)

Faith

b)

Importance of spirituality

c)

Community

d)

Interventions to address spiritual needs

45.

Match the criteria on the with the appropriate assessment question:

To whom do you go for support in times of difficulty?

a)

Faith

b)

Importance of spirituality

c)

Community

d)

Interventions to address spiritual needs

46.

Match the criteria on the with the appropriate assessment question:

Your illness has kept you from attending church. Is that a problem for you?

a)

Faith

b)

Importance of spirituality

c)

Community

d)

Interventions to address spiritual needs

47.

The nurse is planning spiritual care interventions for an 8-year-old patient. Based on the patient’s age, the nurse must consider which growth and development factor when planning the spiritual care?

a)

This age-group’s concept of spirituality is provided by parents, and love and affection promote spirituality

b)

This age-group begins to ask about God or a Supreme Being and is influenced by spiritual and religious stories

c)

This age-group is fascinated with magic and mystery and often believes illness is related to bad behavior

d)

This age-group has a clear concept of a higher spiritual being and is interested in learning about spirituality

48.

A nurse is caring for a patient who is Muslim and has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following items does the nurse need to remove from the meal tray when it is delivered to the patient?

a)

Small container of vanilla ice cream

b)

A dozen red grapes

c)

Bacon and eggs

d)

Garden salad with ranch dressing

49.

A 44-year-old male patient has just been told that his wife and child were killed in an auto accident while coming to visit him in the hospital. After analyzing the assessment findings, the nurse recognizes that which statements made by the patient support a nursing diagnosis of Spiritual Distress related to loss of family members?

a)

“I need to call my sister for support.”

b)

“I have nothing to live for now.”

c)

“Why would my God do this to me?”

d)

“I need to pray for a miracle.”

e)

“I want to be more involved in my church.”

50.

A patient has just been diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. She is alone; her family will not be arriving from out of town for an hour. What intervention does the nurse implement that best provides support of the patient’s spiritual well-being at this time?

a)

Make a referral to a professional spiritual care adviser

b)

Sit down and talk with the patient; have her discuss her feelings and listen attentively

c)

Move the patient’s Bible from her bedside cabinet drawer to the top of the over-bed table

d)

Ask the patient whether she would like to learn more about the implications of having this type of tumor

51.

A nurse is preparing to teach an older adult who has chronic arthritis how to practice meditation. Which of the following teaching strategies are appropriate?

a)

Encourage family members to participate in the exercise

b)

Have the patient identify a quiet room in the home that has minimal interruptions

c)

Suggest the use of a quiet fan running in the room

d)

Explain that it is best to meditate about 5 minutes 4 times a day

e)

Show the patient how to sit comfortably with the limitation of his arthritis and focus on a prayer

52.

A nursing student is developing a plan of care for a 74-old-female patient who has spiritual distress over losing a spouse. As the nurse develops appropriate interventions, which characteristics of older adults should be considered?

a)

Older adults do not routinely use complementary medicine to cope with illness

b)

Older adults dislike discussing the afterlife and what might have happened to people who have passed on

c)

Older adults achieve spiritual resilience through frequent expressions of gratitude

d)

Have the patient determine whether her husband left a legacy behind

e)

Offer the patient her choice of rituals or participation in exercise

53.

A nurse used spiritual rituals as an intervention in a patient’s care. Which of the following questions is most appropriate to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention?

a)

Do you feel the need to forgive your wife over your loss?

b)

What can I do to help you feel more at peace?

c)

Did either prayer or meditation prove helpful to you?

d)

Should we plan on having your family try to visit you more often in the hospital?

54.

The nurse is caring for a 50-year-old woman visiting the outpatient medicine clinic. The patient has had type 1 diabetes mellitus since age 13. She has numerous complications from her disease, including reduced vision, heart disease, and severe numbness and tingling of the extremities. Knowing that spirituality helps patients cope with chronic illness, which of the following principles should the nurse apply in practice?

a)

Pay attention to the patient’s spiritual identity throughout the course of her illness

b)

Select interventions that you know scientifically support spiritual well-being

c)

Listen to the patient’s story each visit to the clinic, and offer a compassionate presence

d)

When the patient questions the reason for her longtime suffering, try to provide answers

e)

Consult with a spiritual care adviser, and have the adviser recommend useful interventions

55.

To best assist a patient in the grieving process, which factors are most important for the nurse to assess?

a)

Previous experiences with grief and loss

b)

Religious affiliation and denomination

c)

Ethnic background and cultural practices

d)

Current financial status

e)

Current medications

56.

Which interventions does a nurse implement to help a patient at the end of life maintain autonomy while in a hospital?

a)

Use therapeutic techniques when communicating with the patient

b)

Allow the patient to determine timing and scheduling of interventions

c)

Allow patients to have visitors at any time

d)

Provide the patient with a private room close to the nurses’ station

e)

Encourage the patient to eat when hungry

57.

The nurse recognizes that which factors influence a person’s approach to death?

a)

Culture and previous experience with death

b)

Personal beliefs and spirituality

c)

Gender

d)

Level of education

58.

Which comments made by a patient show an understanding of the teaching on palliative care completed by the nurse?

a)

“Even though I’m continuing treatment, palliative care can help manage my symptoms and improve my quality of life.”

b)

“Palliative care is appropriate for people with any diagnosis.”

c)

“Only people who are dying can receive palliative care.”

d)

“Children are able to receive palliative care.”

e)

“Palliative care is only for people with uncontrolled pain.”

59.

A patient is receiving palliative care for symptom management related to anxiety and pain. A family member asks whether the patient is dying and now in “hospice.” What does the nurse tell the family member about palliative care?

a)

Palliative care and hospice are the same thing

b)

Palliative care is for any patient, at any time, with any disease, in any setting

c)

Palliative care strategies are primarily designed to treat the patient’s illness

d)

Palliative care relieves the symptoms of illness and treatment

e)

Palliative care is started at the end of life

60.

When planning care for a dying patient, which interventions undertaken by the nurse promote the patient’s dignity?

a)

Providing respect

b)

Viewing the patient as a whole

c)

Providing symptom management

d)

Showing interest

e)

Being present

61.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is near death. What assessment finding cues the nurse that death is approaching?

a)

Skin irritation

b)

Mottling

c)

Increased urine output

d)

Weakness

62.

The nurse is assessing an older adult who is grieving after the loss of a spouse. What are normal signs of grief that the nurse would expect to find?

a)

Loss of interest in attending outside activities

b)

Feeling fatigued

c)

Difficulty making decisions

d)

Problems with remembering things

e)

Change in appetite and eating patterns

63.

Which actions implemented by the nurse help grieving families?

a)

Encourage involvement in nonthreatening group social activities

b)

Follow up with the family to make sure all their questions are answered

c)

Remind them that feelings of sadness or pain can return around anniversaries

d)

Encourage survivors to ask for help

e)

Look for overuse of alcohol, sleeping aids, or street drugs

64.

The nurse prepares a patient with type 2 diabetes for a surgical procedure. The patient weighs 112.7 kg (248 lb) and is 157.4 cm (5 feet, 2 inches) in height. Which factors increase this patient’s risk for surgical complications?

a)

Obesity

b)

Prolonged bleeding time

c)

Delayed wound healing

d)

Ineffective vital capacity

e)

Immobility secondary to height

65.

Which assessment questions should the nurse ask a preoperative patient preparing for surgery?

a)

“Are you experiencing any pain?”

b)

“Do you exercise on a daily basis?”

c)

“When do you regularly take your medications?”

d)

“Do you have any medication allergies?”

e)

“Do you use drugs and/or tobacco products?”

66.

Communication between a nurse caring for a patient in the preoperative holding area and the circulating nurse in the operating room (OR) can best be enhanced by which of the following?

a)

Documenting assessment findings in the medical record

b)

Using a standardized SBAR tool

c)

Being responsive in using nonverbal communication techniques

d)

Giving specific information to a transport technician

e)

Listening to the OR nurse’s questions

67.

Which postoperative intervention best prevents atelectasis?

a)

Use of intermittent compression stockings

b)

Heel-toe flexion

c)

Use of the incentive spirometer

d)

Abdominal splinting when coughing

68.

An 85-year-old patient returns to the inpatient surgical unit after leaving the PACU. Which of the following place the patient at risk during surgery?

a)

Stiffened lung tissue

b)

Reduced diaphragmatic excursion

c)

Increased laryngeal reflexes

d)

Reduced blood flow to kidneys

e)

Increased cholinergic transmission

69.

A postoperative patient experiences tachypnea during the first hour of recovery. Which nursing intervention is a priority?

a)

Elevate the head of the patient’s bed

b)

Give ordered oxygen through a mask at 4 L/min

c)

Ask the patient to use an incentive spirometer

d)

Position the patient on one side with the face down and the neck slightly extended so that the tongue falls forward.

70.

Which is the best intervention the nurse should implement to promote bowel function?

a)

Early ambulation

b)

Deep-breathing exercises

c)

Repositioning on the left side

d)

Repositioning on the left side

71.

Match the nursing interventions with the preventable complication:

Offering glasses or hearing aid

a)

Deep vein thrombosis

b)

Wound infection

c)

Delirium

d)

Atelectasis

72.

Match the nursing interventions with the preventable complication:

Early ambulation

a)

Deep vein thrombosis

b)

Wound infection

c)

Delirium

d)

Atelectasis

73.

Match the nursing interventions with the preventable complication:

Strict aseptic technique

a)

Deep vein thrombosis

b)

Wound infection

c)

Delirium

d)

Atelectasis

74.

Match the nursing interventions with the preventable complication:

Deep breathing exercise

a)

Deep vein thrombosis

b)

Wound infection

c)

Delirium

d)

Atelectasis

75.

Match the nursing interventions with the preventable complication:

Hydration

a)

Deep vein thrombosis

b)

Wound infection

c)

Delirium

d)

Atelectasis

76.

A nurse cares for a postoperative patient in the PACU. Upon assessment, the nurse finds the surgical dressing is saturated with serosanguineous drainage. Which interventions are a priority?

a)

Notify surgeon

b)

Maintain the intravenous fluid infusion

c)

Provide 2 L/min of oxygen via nasal cannula

d)

Provide 2 L/min of oxygen via nasal cannula

e)

Reinforce the dressing

77.

A patient who returned from surgery 3 hours ago following a kidney transplant is reporting pain at a 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. The nurse has tried repositioning with no improvement in the patient’s pain report. Unmanaged surgical pain can lead to which of the following problems?

a)

Delayed ambulation

b)

Reduced ventilation

c)

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection

d)

Retained pulmonary secretions

e)

Reduced appetite