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FUNDAMENTALS Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is a normal range for sodium?

a)

115-125

b)

125-135

c)

135-145

d)

145-155

2.

Which of the following is a normal range for potassium?

a)

2.0-3.5

b)

3.5-5.0

c)

5.0-6.5

d)

6-7

3.

Which of the following is a normal range for calcium?

a)

9.0-10.5

b)

11.0-13.5

c)

13.0-15.5

d)

15.0-17.5

4.

Which of the following is a normal range for magnesium?

a)

1-1.8

b)

1.3-2.1

c)

3-4.8

d)

4.8-5

5.

Which of the following is a normal range for chloride?

a)

45-67

b)

67-89

c)

89-96

d)

96-106

6.

Which of the following is a normal range for pH?

a)

5.35-5.45

b)

7.20-7.80

c)

7.35-7.45

d)

8.20-8.80

7.

Which of the following is a normal range for PaCO2?

a)

15-25 mmHg

b)

25-35 mmHg

c)

35-45 mmHg

d)

45-55 mmHg

8.

Which of the following is a normal range for HCO3?

a)

16-10 mEq/L

b)

22-26 mEq/L

c)

30-36 mEq/L

d)

38-42 mEq/L

9.

Which of the following is a normal range for PaO2?

a)

20-40 mmHg

b)

40-60 mmHg

c)

60-80 mmHg

d)

80-100 mmHg

10.

Measure of how well the lung are excreting CO2 produced by cells

a)

HCO3

b)

PaO2

c)

PaCO2

d)

pH

11.

Increased PaCO2 is caused by

a)

Hypoventilation

b)

Hyperventilation

12.

Decreased PaCO2 is caused by

a)

Hypoventilation

b)

Hyperventilation

13.

A measure of base bicarbonate which shows how well the kidneys are excreting metabolic acids

a)

HCO3

b)

PaO2

c)

PaCO2

d)

pH

14.

A measure of how well gas exchange is occurring in the alveoli of the lungs

a)

HCO3

b)

PaO2

c)

PaCO2

d)

pH

15.

An imbalance in which of the following minerals causes electrolyte imbalances?

a)

Sodium and calcium

b)

Phosphorus and copper

c)

Fluoride and iron

d)

Potassium and magnesium

16.

Which of the following is caused by increased magnesium intake and decreased magnesium output ?

a)

Hypermagnesemia

b)

Hyperkalemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hypercalcemia

17.

Which of the following is caused by a loss of excess water and gain of excess salt?

a)

Hypermagnesemia

b)

Hyperkalemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hypercalcemia

18.

Which of the following is caused by increased potassium intake, decreased potassium output, and shift of potassium out of cells and into ECF?

a)

Hypermagnesemia

b)

Hyperkalemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hypercalcemia

19.

Which of the following is caused by increased calcium intake, decreased calcium output, and shift of calcium from bones into ECF?

a)

Hypermagnesemia

b)

Hyperkalemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hypercalcemia

20.

Which of the following is caused by decreased magnesium intake and absorption, increased magnesium output, and shift of magnesium into active form?

a)

Hypokalemia

b)

Hypomagnesemia

c)

Hypocalcemia

d)

Hyponatremia

21.

Which of the following is caused by decreased calcium intake and absorption, increased calcium output, and shift of calcium into bone?

a)

Hypokalemia

b)

Hypomagnesemia

c)

Hypocalcemia

d)

Hyponatremia

22.

Which of the following is caused by decreased potassium intake and increased potassium output?

a)

Hypokalemia

b)

Hypomagnesemia

c)

Hypocalcemia

d)

Hyponatremia

23.

Which of the following is caused by too much water output and too little salt intake?

a)

Hypokalemia

b)

Hypomagnesemia

c)

Hypocalcemia

d)

Hyponatremia

24.

Which of the following is characterized decreased LOC, seizures, and thirst?

a)

Hyperkalemia

b)

Hypokalemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hyponatremia

25.

Which of the following is characterized by decreased LOC, seizures, and headache?

a)

Hyperkalemia

b)

Hypokalemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hyponatremia

26.

Which of the following is characterized by muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest?

a)

Hyperkalemia

b)

Hypokalemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hyponatremia

27.

Which of the following is characterized by muscle weakness, abdominal distension, decreased bowel sounds, and dysrhythmia?

a)

Hyperkalemia

b)

Hypokalemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hyponatremia

28.

Which of the following is characterized by low & slow, diminished reflexes, weak bones and muscles, N/V, constipation, and cardiac arrest?

a)

Hypercalcemia

b)

Hypocalcemia

c)

Hypermagnesemia

d)

Hyponmagnesemia

29.

Which of the following is characterized by high & fast, hyperactive reflexes, CATS, numbness/tingling around fingers, toes, & mouth, and positive chvostek sign?

a)

Hypercalcemia

b)

Hypocalcemia

c)

Hypermagnesemia

d)

Hyponmagnesemia

30.

Which of the following is characterized by low & slow, hypoactive deep tendon reflexes, flushing, warmth, dysrhythmia, and cardiac arrest?

a)

Hypercalcemia

b)

Hypocalcemia

c)

Hypermagnesemia

d)

Hyponmagnesemia

31.

Which of the following is characterized by high & fast, hyperactive deep tendon reflex, CATS, and positive chvostek sign?

a)

Hypercalcemia

b)

Hypocalcemia

c)

Hypermagnesemia

d)

Hyponmagnesemia

32.

Which of the following causes acid-base imbalances?

a)

Respiratory acidosis

b)

Respiratory alkalosis

c)

Metabolic acidosis

d)

Metabolic alkalosis

33.

Which of the following is cause by anything that causes hypoventilation (airway obstruction, chest wall injury, head injury)?

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Metabolic Alkalosis

c)

Respiratory Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Acidosis

34.

Which of the following is cause by hyperventilation (hypoxemia, acute pain, anxiety)?

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Metabolic Alkalosis

c)

Respiratory Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Acidosis

35.

Which of the following is cause by increased metabolic acid and a loss of bicarb? (DKA, diarrhea, renal failure, shock)

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Metabolic Alkalosis

c)

Respiratory Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Acidosis

36.

Which of the following is cause by increased bicarb and a loss of metabolic acid? (GI loss and diuretics)

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Metabolic Alkalosis

c)

Respiratory Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Acidosis

37.

Which of the following is characterized by headache, light headedness, decreased LOC, and dysrhythmias? PT IS DOWN

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Metabolic Alkalosis

c)

Respiratory Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Acidosis

38.

Which of the following is characterized by decreased LOC, abdominal pain, dysrhythmias, compensatory hyperventilation, decreased BP, and kussmaul respirations?

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Metabolic Alkalosis

c)

Respiratory Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Acidosis

39.

Which of the following is characterized by light headedness, numbness and tingling, increased respiratory rate, excitement, confusion, decreased LOC, dysrhythmias? PT IS UP

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Metabolic Alkalosis

c)

Respiratory Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Acidosis

40.

Which of the following is characterized by light headedness, numbness and tingling, muscle cramps, excitement, confusion, decreased LOC, tachycardia, and dysrhythmias?

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Metabolic Alkalosis

c)

Respiratory Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Acidosis

41.

What are the causes of fluid imbalance?

a)

Hypothermia

b)

Hypovolemia

c)

Loss of consiousness

d)

Fluid-volume excess

42.

Which of the following is caused by decreased oral intake, vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, hemorrhage, burns, sweating, ileostomy, colostomy, and diabetes insipidus?

a)

Fluid-Volume Excess

b)

Hypovolemia

43.

Which of the following is caused by congestive heart failure, early renal failure, IV therapy, excessive sodium ingestion, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and corticosteroids

a)

Fluid-Volume Excess

b)

Hypovolemia

44.

Which of the following is characterized by headache, dizziness, tiredness, THIRST, DRY MOUTH, crankiness, DARK COLORED PEE, DRY SKIN, and constipation?

a)

Fluid-Volume Excess

b)

Hypovolemia

45.

Which of the following is characterized by decreased LOC, confusion, headaches, SEIZURES, PULMONARY CONGESTION, bounding pulse, high BP, presence of S3, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea, and PITTING EDEMA

a)

Fluid-Volume Excess

b)

Hypovolemia

46.

Inserting an IV in the foot of an adult increased the risk of

a)

Phlebitis

b)

Thrombonphelbitis

c)

Infiltration

d)

Extravasation

47.

Avoid choosing an IV insertion site that has

a)

Perfusion

b)

Infection

c)

Infiltration

d)

Thrombosis

48.

Avoid inserting an IV on an extremity with

a)

Dialysis graft

b)

Fistula

c)

Blood pressure cuff

d)

Same side mastectomy

49.

When inserting an IV on an older adult you should

a)

Avoid using back of hand or veins that easily get bumped

b)

Use minimal tourniquet pressure

c)

Avoid using excess tape

d)

Lower angle to 10 to 15 degrees

50.

IV solution infused too rapidly or in excess

a)

Phlebitis

b)

Circulatory overload

c)

Extravasation

d)

Infiltration

51.

IV fluid entering surrounding subcutaneous tissue

a)

Phlebitis

b)

Infection

c)

Extravasation

d)

Infiltration

52.

Tissue damaging drug enters tissue

a)

Phlebitis

b)

Infection

c)

Extravasation

d)

Infiltration

53.

Inflammation of a vein

a)

Phlebitis

b)

Infection

c)

Extravasation

d)

Infiltration

54.

Intrinsic contamination of infusion fluid

a)

Phlebitis

b)

Infection

c)

Extravasation

d)

Infiltration

55.

Why would you use a central line?

a)

For large volumes of fluid, blood, or parenteral nutrition

b)

For irritating medications

c)

For long term use

d)

For dialysis access

56.

You should change a central line every

a)

72-96 hours

b)

24-48 hours

c)

12-36 hours

d)

50-60 hours

57.

How often should you change central line tubing?

a)

Intermittent: 24 hours

b)

Intermittent: 48 hours

c)

Continuous: 75 hours

d)

Continuous: 96 hours

58.

Blood transfusion require

a)

Blood consent

b)

Two nurses to administer

c)

Correct ABO type and Rh factor

d)

Stay with the pt for the first 15 minutes

59.

IV fluid indicated for ECV replacement to prevent or treat ECV deficit

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Isotonic

60.

IV fluid that decreased osmolality by diluting body fluids and moving water into cells

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Isotonic

61.

IV fluid that increases osmolality rapidly and pulls water out of cells causing them to shrink

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Isotonic

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