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Natural Selection, Evolution, Geologic Time, & Classification

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The better fitness an organism has in its environment, the more it's population numbers will

a)

increase

b)

decrease

c)

stay the same

2.

Biological fitness means an organism

a)

is the biggest and the strongest

b)

has a trait well adapted to it's environment

c)

has a trait well adapted to it's environment and passes on traits through reproduction

3.

The more related two species are the __________ similar their DNA.

a)

More

b)

Less

c)

impossible to tell

4.

Which of the following segments of DNA seem to have the most recent common ancestor to AAA AAT ACG GCA

a)

AAA AAT ATG AAA

b)

AAA AAT ACC CCA

c)

AAA AAT ACG CGA

d)

AAA AAT AAG AAA

5.

Wisdom Teeth no longer have their original function in humans. What type of evolutionary structure is this?

a)

Homologous Structure

b)

Vestigial Structure

c)

Analogous Structure

6.

Bat wings are very similar in bone structure to whale fins. What type of evolutionary structure is this?

a)

Homologous Structure

b)

Vestigial Structure

c)

Analogous Structure

7.

Pangolins and anteaters do not have a recent common ancestor, but both have long, sticky tongues because they eat ants. What type of evolutionary structure is this?

a)

Homologous Structure

b)

Vestigial Structure

c)

Analogous Structure

8.

Why do humans and horses have similar bone structures in their "arms" even though they don't have the same function?

a)

They are both animals.

b)

They have a common ancestor.

c)

That's the only way to make an arm.

d)

Random coincidence.

9.

New traits (genetic variation) comes from

a)

Random Mutations

b)

The environment

c)

Adaptations

d)

Animals choosing new traits

10.

In order for Evolution to happen you need

a)

Genetic Variation, Selective Pressure, and Inheritance

b)

Mutations, predators, inheritance

c)

Predators

d)

Selection

11.

Body parts of organisms that are the same in structure and position but different in function and shared by a common ancestor.

a)

embryos

b)

homologous structures

c)

analogous structures

d)

vestigial structures

12.

Body parts that function like each other, but are different in structure and NOT shared by common ancestor

a)

embryos

b)

homologous structures

c)

analogous structures

d)

vestigial structures

13.

Body parts that have lost their original function.

a)

embryos

b)

homologous structures

c)

analogous structures

d)

vestigial structures

14.

Two organisms that are closely related would have

a)

Very similar DNA sequences

b)

Very different DNA sequences

c)

The same exact DNA sequences

d)

No similarity in DNA

15.

.

Which rock layer contains the newest fossils?

a)

B

b)

F

c)

E

d)

C

16.

Images of the embryo and adult stages of three different organisms are shown.

Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this evidence?

a)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms eat the same types of food.

b)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms share a recent common ancestor.

c)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms live in a similar environment.

d)

Having similar embryos indicates that a certain protein controls how many legs the adult organisms will have.

17.

What most likely caused the finches on the Galapagos Islands to have beaks that were different from the finches on the mainland?

a)

There were different types of predators on the islands.

b)

The finches on the mainland could not fly high enough.

c)

There was no water on the islands.

d)

There were different food types on each island.

18.

What is Evolution?

a)

the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits

b)

the genetic change in the characteristics of a species over many generations, resulting in the formation of new species

c)

the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations

d)

What isn't evolution?

19.

Artificial selection is different to natural selection because...

a)

It produces things that aren't alive

b)

Animals that aren't meant to reproduce do it spontaneously in nature

c)

Humans are interfering with the selection process

20.

Share the same function but the structure is different...

a)

Homologous Structures

b)

Analogous Structures

21.

Continents on Earth were once all connected

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

22.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
23.

Because humans have determined which traits are favorable, dogs such as Chihuahuas are examples of....

a)
Artificial Selection 
b)
Natural Selection 
c)
Mutations 
24.

A population of rabbits grows rapidly from one year to the next. Then one year, a disease strikes approximately one fourth of the adult rabbits. The disease remains with the population in the years that follow.

As explained by Darwin’s theory, which of these conditions allows the rabbit population to evolve by natural selection?

a)

The disease affects adult and juvenile rabbits equally.

b)

The disease reduces the ability of the rabbits to reproduce.

c)

Some rabbits are resistant to the disease, and they pass the resistance to their offspring.

d)

No rabbits are resistant to the disease, and all die when the disease strikes them.

25.

The figure shows how natural selection of a single-trait gene affects lizard survival.

Which of the following most likely causes the changes in allele distribution?

a)

The allele for light gray coloration disappears from the population. This may be because light gray lizards are more visible to predators and therefore they might be less likely to survive and reproduce.

b)

The allele for black coloration decreases fitness and becomes less common. This may be because black coloration keeps the lizards cool during hot summer temperatures.

c)

Medium gray coloration in lizards appears to be a neutral mutant allele that allows the lizards to hide better from predators. This leads to increases in phenotype and allele frequency of gray coloration.

d)

Because black and medium gray lizards are less visible to predators, these alleles are neutral to natural selection and therefore will not disappear from the population of lizards.

26.

Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?

a)

An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.

b)

A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.

c)

A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes.

d)

The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.

27.

A technique used to determine the actual age of a fossil on the basis of the amount of a radioactive element it contains

a)

petrified fossil

b)

intrusion

c)

fault line

d)

radioactive dating

28.

Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock

a)

law of superposition

b)

relative dating

c)

fossil record

d)

petrified fossil

29.

If I found fossils in layers C and B, which fossil would be YOUNGER?

a)

B

b)

C

30.

The diagram shows fossils buried in layers of sediment. Which statement is supported by the information in the diagram?

a)

The fossil in layer Z is the youngest.

b)

The fossils in layers Y and Z are younger than the fossil in layer V.

c)

The fossil in layer Y is older than the fossil in layer W.

d)

The fossil in layer X is older than the fossil in layer Z.

31.

The diagram shows fossils buried in layers of rock. Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram?

a)

Trilobites and gastropods are the youngest fossils.

b)

Crinoids and gastropods have lived during the same time period.

c)

Ferns have existed for a longer period of time than coral.

d)

Every ammonite fossil is older than the gastropod fossils.

32.

Absolute dating relies on _________ elements, which are unstable elements that release energy as they break down.

a)

Metallic

b)

Radioactive

c)

Noble Gases

d)

Halogen

33.

The three species pictured do not share a common ancestor, yet have evolved to have a similar anatomy and life style. This is an example of ?

a)

Homologous Structures

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Vestigial Organs

d)

Convergent Evolution

34.

The three species pictured share a common ancestor and have adapted so that each lives in a different environment. This is an example of

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Evolutionary Arms Race

c)

Divergent Evolution

d)

Convergent Evolution

35.

Species from the same ancestor accumulate differences over time

a)

convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

parallel evolution

36.

Species not closely related evolve similar traits due to their similar environment

a)

Convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

parallel evolution

37.

All of the genetic information found in a population

a)

population

b)

genetic drift

c)

evolution

d)

gene pool

38.

A few deer wander out of their native woods into a completely new park where no deer had ever been before. They go on to create an entirely new population.

a)

Gene pool

b)

Founder effect

c)

bottleneck

d)

mutation

39.

Ten years ago, in a small population of ducks, two sizes of eyes were observed, large and small. Three ducks have large eyes and 7 have small.  2 of the large-eyed ducks are randomly hit by cars and killed. Today, no large-eyed ducks are present in the population.

a)

gene flow

b)

bottleneck

c)

mutation

d)

founders

40.

Situation in which allele frequencies change as aresult of the migration of small subgroup of a population is known as:

a)

founder effect

b)

genetic bottleneck

c)

random mating

d)

natural selection

41.
A virus killed most of the seals in the North Sea (e.g. dropped the population from 8000 to 800).  In an effort to help preserve the species, scientists caught 20 of the remaining seals and used them to start a new population in the northwest Pacific Ocean.  Which of the following statements would accurately describe the new   population?  
a)
The new seal population is genetically less diverse than the original population 
b)
The new seal population is genetically more diverse than the original population
c)
There is equal genetic variety compared  to the original population 
d)
None of the answers
42.
Which of the following is an example of the bottle neck effect?
a)
Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.
b)
Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.
c)
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
d)
Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year.  This results in larger apples from year to year.
43.

A Variation that makes an organism more suited to its surroundings

a)

adaptation

b)

variation

c)

evolution

d)

embryology

44.

By looking at the genes of some animals we can determine which living species are most closely related to each other. This also reveals which species most recently diverged from their common ancestor.

Based on the partial gene segments shown, which pair of animals are genetically most closely related and therefore most recently diverged from their common ancestor?

a)

Chimpanzee and Mouse

b)

Rat and Mouse

c)

Rat and Chimpanzee

45.

Based on the embryological development of four different species of organisms, which organism most likely shares the closest evolutionary relationship to the organism pictured?

a)
b)
c)
d)
46.

A farm contains a population of both brown and green grasshoppers. After the growing season, a farmer plows one field on the farm, leaving behind only exposed dirt. After a few weeks, some grass begins to grow in that field, and within a month, the field is covered in grass. What change in the population of grasshoppers would be expected in the field during this time based on their genetic variation in color?

a)

The green and brown grasshoppers will choose to mate with each other, resulting in both colors of grasshoppers having roughly equal numbers in the field.

b)

After plowing the field, brown grasshoppers would be more plentiful, but over time, the green grasshoppers would become more plentiful in the field.

c)

After plowing the field, green grasshoppers would be more plentiful, but over time, the brown grasshoppers would become more plentiful in the field.

d)

The green and brown grasshoppers will eat plants of any color, resulting in both colors of grasshoppers having roughly equal numbers in the field.

47.
The similarities among early stages of the embryos provide evidence that -
a)
these organisms evolved from a common ancestor
b)
the organisms all retained their gills and tails
c)
the organisms belong to the same species
48.
A paramecium is a single celled organism with a nucleus that consumes other organisms for energy. The offspring are genetically different from its parents.
a)
Prokaryotic
b)
Eukaryotic
49.
A mushroom is composed of many cells that have a nucleus
In which domain does a mushroom belong?
a)
Archaea
b)
Eukarya
c)
Bacteria
50.
Which of the following terms means "a cell that does not have a nucleus"?
a)
Prokaryotic
b)
Eukaryotic
c)
Protista
d)
Archaea
51.
In which of the following domains would a lion cub belong?
a)
Protista
b)
Animalia
c)
Eukarya
d)
Archaea
52.
The Plantae Kingdom can produce their own food as result of which structure that only they and some bacteria possess.
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Metabolism
c)
Chloroplasts
d)
Synthesis
53.
Dandelion, What kingdom does it belongs to?
a)
Plant Kingdom
b)
Animal Kingdom
c)
Fungi Kingdom
d)
Protista Kingdom
54.
Mosquito  belongs to what kingdom?
a)
Animal Kingdom
b)
Plant Kingdom
c)
Fungi Kingdom
d)
Protista Kingdom
55.
A scientific name consists of 
a)
Genus and Order
b)
Genus and Domain
c)
Genus and species
d)
Kingdon and Phylum
56.
Mushrooms are an example of this Kingdom?
a)
Animalia
b)
Protista 
c)
Archea 
d)
Fungi
57.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, _______
a)
Family 
b)
Order
c)
Genus 
d)
Species
58.
An illustration and a dichotomous key are given. What is the correct classification for this organism?
a)
Class Insecta
b)
Order Amblygygi
c)
Order Araneae
d)
Order Scorpiones
59.
The 8 levels of classification, from most broad to most specific are ...
a)
Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species
b)
Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order
c)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
d)
Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phylum, Family, Class, Genus
60.
A student discovers an arachnid with a segmented abdomen, long legs, and a tail with no stinger. The student uses the dichotomous key below to identify it. Which arachnid has the student found?
a)
Whip Scorpion
b)
Wind Scorpion
c)
Daddy long legs
d)
Scorpion
61.
What is the most primitive organism shown on the cladogram?
a)
chimp
b)
perch
c)
hagfish
d)
salamander
62.
Which organisms pictured on the cladogram have hair?
a)
prosimians only
b)
prosimians and humans
c)
humans only
d)
prosimians and birds
63.
Which organism in the table shown is most closely related to the common dolphin?
a)
human
b)
killer whale
c)
giant kelp
d)
bat star
64.
Which organism in the table is least closely related to the chimpanzee?
a)
human
b)
grey wolf
c)
tiger snake
d)
monarch butterfly
65.

In which kingdom does the organism below belong?

a)

Animalia

b)

Fungi

c)

Plantae

d)

Eubacteria

66.

Identify the kingdom based on the organisms characteristics.

a)

Eubacteria

b)

Fungi

c)

Archaea

d)

Animalia

67.
The 2 kingdoms that make up Prokaryotes are?
a)
Animals and Plants 
b)
Protists and Fungi
c)
Archea and Bacteria
68.
In a properly written scientific name, which part is lowercase?
a)
species
b)
genus
69.
In a properly written scientific name, which part is capitalized?
a)
species
b)
genus
70.
A dichotomous key for trees is provided. Hikers found a tree that has large brown cones and single sharp needles. What species of tree have the hikers found?
a)
Juniper
b)
Pine
c)
Spruce
d)
Fir
71.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
bipedal & opposable thumbs
72.
You look at two species and see very similar DNA. What does this likely tell you?
a)
These are the same animal.
b)
These animals have a common ancestor.
c)
These animals are not likely related.
d)
These animals are likely becoming one species.
73.
You look at two species and see very similar amino acid sequences. What does this likely tell you?
a)
These are the same animal.
b)
These animals have a common ancestor.
c)
These animals are not likely related.
d)
These animals are likely becoming one species.
74.

Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of sponges and mushrooms?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

75.

What characteristic do all the organisms on this cladogram share?

a)

Being bi-pedal & having language

b)

Complex brains

c)

Fully binocular vision

d)

Partial binocular vision & opposable thumbs