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Earth Science Final Review

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What do the inner planets have in common?

a)

They are all the same size

b)

They are made of gas.

c)

They rotate at the same speed.

d)

They are all rocky.

2.

A rocky/metal object in space that orbits the Sun between Mars & Jupiter is called a(n) _______________.

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

meteor

d)

planet

3.

A bright object with a tail, moving slowly across the sky is most likely a _________.

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

meteor

d)

UFO

4.
If its ____ in the Northern hemisphere, then its summer in the Southern hemisphere. 
a)

spring

b)

summer

c)

fall

d)

winter

5.
Why does the area around the equator stay the same temperature all year?
a)
The equator rotates slower than the poles 
b)
The equator remains the same distance from the sun.
c)
The equator always receives direct sunlight.
d)
The equator has 18 hour days.
6.
What happens when the area in which you live tilts away from the sun?
a)
It is summer.
b)
It is spring.
c)
It is winter.
d)
It is fall.
7.
The energy from the sun is created by a process called:
a)

nuclear fission

b)

nuclear fusion

c)

nuclear reaction

d)

nuclear core

8.
How are galaxies held together.
a)

gas

b)

dust

c)

stars

d)

gravitational attraction

9.
Our Galaxy is called the
a)

M38

b)

Milky Way Galaxy

c)

Andromeda Galaxy

d)

Pinwheel Galaxy

10.

The initial explosion that resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe is called __________________.

a)

the Big Bang

b)

the start of the universe

c)

the beginning

d)

the formation of space

11.

The Sun is...

a)

a planet

b)

only one planet away from Earth

c)

Earth's moon

d)

a star in the center of our solar system

12.

Due to rotation, only one side of the Earth faces the Sun at a time. This causes...

a)

seasons

b)

climate changes

c)

day and night

d)

months of the year

13.
What affects the force of gravity between two objects?
a)

Their mass and the distance between them

b)

The distance between them

c)

The sum of their masses

d)

The mass of the large object

14.

The life cycle of a star is determined by:

a)

mass

b)

temperature

c)

color

d)

shape

15.

Stars are born in nebulae. Which best describes a nebula?

a)

a collection of gas and dust

b)

a belt of asteroids

c)

a collection of older stars

d)

an empty space

16.

What two measurements are used to classify stars in an HR diagram?

a)

location & distance

b)

size & location

c)

brightness & distance

d)

temperature & brightness

17.

Galaxies are classified according to:

a)

shape

b)

size

c)

color

d)

temperature

18.

What evidence best proves the expansion and separation of galaxies that has occurred since the theorized Big Bang?

a)

Gravity

b)

Red Shifting

c)

the EM Spectrum

d)

Light Years

19.

How does our star, the Sun, compare to other stars in the Universe?

a)

Cooler than most

b)

Dimmer than most

c)

Brighter than most

d)

Average in every way

20.

Why do planets orbit the Sun?

a)

The Sun is the only celestial object that has a gravitational pull.

b)

The Sun’s chemical composition makes it attract planets.

c)

Only celestial bodies that emit light, like the Sun, can be at the center of an orbit.

d)

The Sun is the most massive object in our solar system, so it exerts the greatest gravitational pull.

21.

What is the definition of a dwarf planet?

a)

A dwarf planet is a solar system body that has a spherical shape and an orbit around the Sun that is not cleared of other objects.

b)

A dwarf planet is a small planet that is smaller than Mars.

c)

A dwarf planet is a planet that is further than 2 AU from its orbiting star.

22.

What must happen in order for a satellite to orbit Earth?

a)

The satellite's forward motion must be less than the gravitational pull on it from Earth

b)

The forward motion of the satellite must be balanced by the pull of gravity from Earth

c)

It's not possible for a satellite to orbit Earth

d)

Earth's gravity must be stronger

23.

What is plagiarism?

a)

coming up with your own ideas or way of writing the concept down

b)

putting data in graphical form

c)

using writing or part of the writing of another person as your own

d)

giving credit to others for their work

24.
On which kind of day would you expect the most evaporation from the surface of a pond?
a)
cold, rainy
b)
cold, sunny
c)
warm, rainy
d)
warm, sunny
25.
What is the energy source for the water cycle?
a)
the sun
b)
the earth
c)
water
d)
the moon
26.
During which stage do clouds form?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
precipitation
27.
What amount of the water on the earth is salt water?
a)

25%

b)

72%

c)

97%

d)

100%

28.

Where is most of the freshwater located on Earth?

a)

in the oceans

b)

in polar ice and glaciers

c)

in rivers, streams, and lakes

d)

under the ground

29.
The blanket of gases that surround the Earth.
a)
Atmosphere
b)
Solar Radiation
c)
Evaporation
d)
Groundwater
30.
The temperature at which water vapor condenses is the 
a)
relative humidity
b)
humidity
c)
freezing point
d)
dew point
31.

How are air masses form into clouds? Clouds are form when

a)

cold moist air rises and then cools

b)

warm moist rises, expands and then cools

c)

cold air reaches the lifted condensation level

32.

Warm air tends to ______

a)

Rise

b)

Sink

33.
Because the earth is spinning on its axis, the global winds appear to curve. This is known as the __________ ________.
a)
Coriolis Effect
b)
Greenhouse Effect
c)
Climate Effect
d)
Atmosphere Effect
34.
Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are all forms of _____.
a)
precipitation
b)
condensation
c)
evaporation
d)
climate
35.
Atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, of a particular place at a particular time
a)
weather
b)
climate
c)
air pressure
d)
precipitation
36.
The layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs is the _.
a)
thermosphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
mesosphere
d)
troposphere
37.
Before condensation can occur, the air must  be ____________________________.
a)
Humid
b)
Cold
c)
Hot
d)
Saturated
38.
In what areas of the world do hurricanes form?
a)
Warm ocean waters
b)
Polar ocean waters
c)
On lakes and rivers
d)
Over the central plains of the U.S
39.
Which of the following have been linked to climate change?  
a)
droughts
b)
flooding
c)
melting of polar ice caps
d)
all of the above
40.

An air mass is a large mass of air that is defined by its temperature and ____________________.

a)

Elevation (altitude)

b)

Water vapor content (humidity)

c)

Strength

d)

Weather

41.
When the atmosphere is warmed by the sun, a change in air pressure results in
a)
clouds
b)
humidity
c)
precipitation
d)
wind
42.

What does salinity measure?

a)

ocean temperature

b)

amount of salt in water

c)

ratio of mass to volume

43.

Temperature and salinity together are called the _______ circulation.

a)

hot-salt

b)

Coriolis Effect

c)

wind currents

d)

thermohaline

44.
Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is covered by oceans?
a)
40%
b)
50%
c)
60%
d)
70%
45.

The energy and motion from waves is caused by

a)

currents

b)

tides

c)

wind

d)

gravity

46.
The five huge circular-moving systems of ocean surface currents are called
a)
density currents
b)
fetches
c)
drifts
d)
gyres
47.
The Coriolis Effect is caused by
a)
Earth rotating around the sun
b)
Earth rotating on its axis
c)
The tides
d)
Gravity
48.

What are the three factors that contribute to water scarcity?

a)

Climate change, overuse of groundwater, and water pollution.

b)

Climate change, ocean droughts, and water pollution.

c)

Hurricanes, overuse of groundwater, and water pollution.

d)

El niño, hurricanes, and ocean evaporation.

49.

How do oceans influence the temperature of the tropics and poles?

a)

They keep it warm by brining more rain.

b)

They help to distribute heat to the poles.

c)

The oceans do not play a role in temperature.

d)

They cool the poles by creating wind.

50.
The 'sphere' of Earth which includes all living organisms is the ______.
a)
Hydrosphere
b)
Geosphere
c)
Exosphere
d)
Biosphere
51.
In what ways could we help our environment in the face of global warming?
a)
Rooftop gardens
b)
Solar panels
c)
Plant trees
d)
All of these
52.

Why is biodiversity important?

a)

To create stable ecosystems

b)

To decrease predator numbers

c)

To increase atmospheric temperatures

d)

To stabilize non-renewable resources

53.
Fossil fuels include these main types of energy...
a)
Coal, wind & solar
b)
Water, Wind & Solar
c)
Coal, gas & oil
d)
Water, natural gas & sulfur oxides
54.

What best defines biodiversity?

a)

Amount of biomass

b)

Total # of organisms

c)

Variety and number of organisms

d)

Animals & plants dying

55.
Which of these types of soils is ideal for farming?
a)
Sand
b)
Loam
c)
Silt
d)
Clay
56.
What man-made factor contributes to forming acid precipitation?
a)
Fertilizer
b)
Burning of fossil fuels
c)
Methane from livestock
d)
CFC's
57.

Which term refers to consequences of extra nutrients being added to a body of water?

a)

"eutrophication"

b)

"decomposers"

c)

"parasites"

d)

"nitrogen fixing"

58.
As matter moves through biogeochemical cycles, it is never created or destroyed — just _________.
a)
formed
b)
created
c)
changed
d)
the same
59.
Bacteria play an important role in the nitrogen cycle because they
a)
Decompose waste and dead organisms releasing the nitrogen.
b)
Convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to a useable form.
c)
Use ammonia to produce nitrates and nitrites that plants can use.
d)
All of the above
60.
The carbon cycle has been interrupted by
a)
Burning fossil fuels
b)
Natural cycles
c)
Toxins in the environment
d)
Nuclear power plants
61.
Oil, coal and gas
a)
"are renewable"
b)
"are called biomass"
c)
"can be recycled"
d)
"are non-renewable"
62.

Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable resource

a)

Natural Gas

b)

Wind

c)

Solar

d)

Hydropower (water)

63.
Erosion is most likely when the soil is
a)
bare and exposed to wind and rain.
b)
covered with grass.
c)
plowed along the contour of the land
d)
covered with forest.
64.

What pollutant forms when automobile emissions react with oxygen gas and ultraviolet rays?

a)

Smog/ ground level ozone

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

radon

d)

sulfur dioxide

65.
Which best describes the ozone layer?
a)
Protection from ultraviolet radiation
b)
Formation of severe storms
c)
Increases the amount of nitrogen in atmosphere
d)
Forms a magnetic field in the Mesosphere
66.
Which is a health problem directly connected to air pollution?
a)

colon cancer

b)

hearing loss

c)

asthma

d)

sun burn

67.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
68.

Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?

a)

cooking with gas

b)

planting trees

c)

burning wood

d)

riding in a bus

69.
How do animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)
eating other organisms
c)
rainwater
d)
lightning 
70.

a)

divergent boundary

b)

convergent boundary

c)

transform boundary

71.

a)

divergent boundary

b)

convergent boundary

c)

transform boundary

72.

a)

divergent boundary

b)

convergent boundary

c)

transform boundary

73.

The process that causes the tectonic plates to move is called.....

a)

subduction

b)

transform

c)

convection

74.

In some areas of the world, like California and Japan, earthquakes are a common occurrence. How can this best be explained?

a)

The strong ocean currents are undermining both areas causing earthquakes.

b)

Both areas are located near the edge of the Pacific Ocean, the unstable sand causes earthquakes.

c)

Both areas are subjected to strong ocean wind and waves that causes earthquakes.

d)

Both areas are on the boundary of active plates, the motion of the plates causes earthquakes.

75.

Earthquake epicenters (center of where the earthquakes started) were mapped for a 35 year period in the diagram above. The black dots indicate these epicenters. The black dots appear along what feature on Earth?

a)

hot spots

b)

plate boundaries

c)

rift zones

d)

sea floor spreading

76.
A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma comes to the surface
a)
lava
b)
volcano
c)
earthquake
d)
tsunami
77.
The difference between magma and lava is _____
a)
where it is found (above or below the surface)
b)
how hot the molten rock is (lava is hotter than magma)
c)
 the type of boundary where it forms
d)
the viscosity of the molten rock (lava has a lower viscosity)
78.

What is the process by which rock is broken into fragments called sediments?

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

Weathering

d)

Igneous Rock

79.

Rock that forms when pressure and heat change existing rock.

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

d)

Rock Cycle

80.
An igneous rock can become ______.
a)
metamorphic
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
all of these
81.

Where do igneous rocks form?

a)

underwater

b)

deep underground

c)

in the air

d)

near volcanoes

82.

Where do metamorphic rocks form?

a)

underwater

b)

near volcanoes

c)

deep underground

d)

in the air

83.
Soil is made of
a)
weathered rocks and minerals
b)
dead plants and animals
c)
air and water
d)
all of the above
84.

What soil conservation method refers to forming steps in a hill to prevent water erosion?

a)

windbreaks

b)

contour plowing

c)

terrace farming

d)

strip cropping

85.

What era did dinosaurs go extinct ?

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Cenozoic

86.

What is the geological time scale ?

a)

A clock

b)

A calendar

c)

Something that divides Earths history into groups

87.
Trilobites serve as good _________ for various intervals of the Paleozoic era. This is because these species lived during a specific time span. 
a)
Index fossil
b)
Mammals
88.
Based on the geologic time scale, how old is the Earth?
a)
4.5 billion years ago or 4,500 mya
b)
3.5 billion years ago or 3,500 mya
c)
9 billion years ago or 9,000 mya
d)
7 billion years ago or 7,000 mya
89.
Scientists chose where units of geologic time began on major changes in ______________ at certain times.
a)
life forms
b)
events
90.
What epoch are we living in?
a)
Holocene
b)
Paleocene
c)
Miocene
d)
Pliocene
91.

How do scientist think that early atmosphere was probably formed?

a)

Gases from volcanoes

b)

Lava from volcanoes

c)

Gases released from bacteria

d)

They are unsure how it is formed

92.

True or False: The first organisms in the ocean did not use oxygen.

a)

True

b)

False

93.

What evidence do scientists have that large quantities of oxygen entered the atmosphere?

a)

comets

b)

fossils

c)

the rings in trees

d)

banded-iron formations

94.

Which wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

a)

P-Waves

b)

S-Waves

c)

Surface (L) Waves

d)
95.

What are two categories of seismic waves?

a)

body and surface waves

b)

P and S waves

c)

Love and Rayleigh waves

d)

Transverse and compression waves

96.

Which seismic wave cannot travel through liquids (outer core)?

a)

P waves

b)

S waves

c)

Love Waves

d)

Rayleigh waves

97.

Hotspots are volcanoes that form...

a)

at convergent plate boundaries.

b)

at divergent plate boundaries.

c)

at transform plate boundaries.

d)

in the middle of a tectonic plate.

98.

Hotspots form because...

a)

magma is pushed to the surface at a plate boundary.

b)

a mantle plume weakens Earth's crust.

c)

water is pushed up to Earth's surface

d)

a mantle plume strengthens Earth's crust.

99.
Which of these is a key piece of evidence of contiental drift?
a)
Continent shapes
b)
Fossil record
c)
Rock layers
d)
All of the above
100.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
101.

What does the term carrying capacity describe?

a)

The maximum number of birth rates for a population.

b)

The ability of a population to accept new immigrants.

c)

The ratio of birth rates to death rates in a population.

d)

The population size that the environment can sustain.

102.
If the number of births in a population is the same as the number of deaths in a population, what will happen to the growth of the population?
a)
It will increase.
b)
It will decrease.
c)
It will stay the same.
d)
It will fluctuate.
103.
Why did farming lead to permanent villages? 
a)
people grew too much food to travel 
b)
people needed to build storage for crops
c)
people needed to stay and tend their crops
d)
people had to make pottery to hold fo
104.

A solid made up of one or more minerals

a)

Magma

b)

Lava

c)

Rock

d)

Ice

105.

the process that BREAKS DOWN rocks into smaller pieces caused by wind, rain, ice, chemicals, freezing, or thawing

a)

Erosion

b)

Weathering

c)

Deposition

d)

The Hulk

106.

Rocks that have been changed from other rocks by heat and pressure

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Igneous

107.

Rocks that have formed from being compacted and made up of sediment that have cemented together

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Igneous

108.

Rocks that have formed from magma that has cooled

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Volcanic

d)

Metamorphicc

109.

Rocks are always changing and the process of change is called

a)

Morphing

b)

Evolving

c)

Rock Cycle

d)

Sediments

110.

True or False: Matter gets transformed by energy, but the same matter is still present.

a)

True

b)

False

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