State of cognitive functioning of the special senses is sometimes used as a synonym for "consciousness".

Objective findings observed by the clinician

Subjective complaints listed by the patient

a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and constitute a recognizable condition.

is a perception modified by a person's own emotions and thoughts

Disturbance of orientation in time, place, person

Incomplete clear-mindedness with disturbances in perception and attitudes

Lack of reaction to, and awareness of surroundings.

Bewildered, restless, confused, disoriented reaction associated with fear and hallucinations

Profound unconsciousness

Coma in which a patient appears to be awake with eyes open but cannot be aroused (also known as Akinetic Mutism)

Disturbed consciousness with hallucinations

often used as a synonym of complex partial seizure or psychomotor epilepsy

Abnormal drowsiness

Disturbances of coinsciousness in which reaction to environment stimuli are appropriate; manifested by disordered orientation in relation to time, place or person.

A state of impaired awareness associated with a desire or inclination to sleep.

Syndrome in older persons that usually occurs at night and is characterized by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia and falling as the result of being overly sedated with medications.

Another name for Sundowning

Is the amount of effort exerted in focusing on certain portions of an experience; ability to sustain a focus on one's activity; ability to concentrate.

Inability to concentrate attention; state in which attention is drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli.

Blocking out only those things that generate anxiety

Excessive attention and focus on all internal and external stimuli, usually secondary to delusional or paranoid states

Focused attention and altered consciousness, usually seen in hypnosis, dissociative disorders, and ecstatic religious experiences

Removal of inhibitory effect that permits persons to lose control of impulses as occurs in alcohol intoxication.

Another name for Shared Psychosis

Communicated emotional illness between two persons

Communicated emotional illness between three persons

Artificially induced modification of consciousness characterized by heightened suggestibility

Syndrome is ____ specific than "disorder" or "disease"

Rapid speech that is increased in amount and difficult to interrupt.

Copious, Coherent, Logical speech.

Restriction in the amount of speech used; replies may be monosyllabic.

Verbal response given only when asked or spoken to directly; no self initiation of speech.

Speech that is adequate amount but but conveys little information because of vagueness, emptiness, or stereotyped phrases.

Loss of normal speech, melody.

Difficulty in articulation.

Loss of modulation of normal speech volume; may reflect a variety of pathological conditions ranging from psychosis to depression to deafness.

Frequent repetition or prolongation of a sound or syllable, leading to markedly impaired speech fluency.

Erratic and dysrhythmic speech, consisting of rapid and jerky spurts.

Nonsense speech associated with markedly impaired comprehension.

Abnormally slow speech.

Difficulty or pain in speaking.

Disturbance in speech caused by cognitive disorder in which understanding remains but ability to speak is grossly impaired; Halting, Laborious, and inaccurate speech ( Also known as Broca's, Nonfluent and Expressive aphasia).

Organic loss of ability to comprehend the meaning of words; fluid and spontaneous nut incoherent and nonsensical speech ( Also known as Wernicke's, Fluent, and Receptive aphasia).

Difficulty finding correct name for an object ( Also termed Anomia and Amnestic aphasia).

Inability to arrange words in proper sequence.

Words produced are totally neologistic; nonsense words repeated with various intonations and inflections.

Combination of a grossly nonfluent aphasia and a severe fluent aphasia.

Inability to speak because of mental deficiency or an episode of dimentia.

How many people in the population as a whole have the disorder?

How many new cases occur during given period, such as a year?

How's the beginning of the disorder?

Disorders follow a somewhat individual pattern.

Long period of time ( years/or even a lifetime; Ex. Schizophrenia).

Recurrent episodes (Ex. Bipolar).

Resolves after a short period of time (Ex. adjustment disorder).

What contributes to the development of psychopathology?

How can we help to alleviate psychological suffering?

The anticipated course of a disorder (Ex. Good or Guarded).

Sudden/Abrupt.

Gradual/Progressive.

Impairment in some important area of life ( Ex. Work or Personal relationships)

Can also characterize mental disorder.

Reaction is outside cultural norms

Something is considered abnormal it occurs infrequently;

It deviates from the average.

Degenerative disorder with psychological symptoms; caused by sypihilis.

Galton's work lead to notion that mental illness can be inherited.

Extent to which behavioral differences due to genetics.

Promotion of enforced sterilization to eliminate undesirable characteristics from the population; many state laws required mentally ill to be sterilized.

Attributes insanity to misalignment of moon and stars.

The doctrine that an evil being or spirit can dwell within a person and control his or her mind and body thereby can be treated by Exorcism the ritualistic casting out of evil spirits.

Cutting holes to the skull in the belief that the evil spirits may come out.

Patients were shocked back their senses by being submerged in ice-cold water.

Hippocrates classified mental illness into three categories EXCEPT for one.

Church gained in influence and papacy was declared independent of the state. Christian monasteries through their missionary and educational work, replaced physicians as healer and as authorities on mental disorder.

Municipal authorities assumed responsibility for care of mentally ill;

Trials held to determined sanity;

The trials were conducted under the crown's right to protect the people with mental illness.

It was viewed as instigated by Satan, was seen as a heresy and denial of God.

Those accused of witchcrafts should be tortured;

Historians concluded many accused were mentally ill.

Characterized by large-scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior.

Pioneered humanitarian treatment at LaBicetre.

The classification of disorders by symptoms.

Consistency of measurement.

Observer agreement.

Similarity of scores across repeated test administration or observations.

Similarity of scores on tests that are similar but not identical.

Extent to which items are related to one another.

How well does a test measures what it is supposes to measure?

Extent to which a measure adequately samples the domain of interest

(Ex. all of the symptoms of a disorder).

Extent to which measure is associated with another measure.

Two measure administered at the same point in time

(Hopelessness scale and diagnosis of depression).

Ability of the measure to predict another variable measured at some future point in time

(College GPA and annual salary after graduation).

A construct is an abstract concept or inferred attribute.

Pioneered classification of mental illness based on biological causes.

Creating false excuses for one's unacceptable feelings, thoughts or behavior.

Attributing one's own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself.

Acting in exactly the opposite way the one's unacceptable impulses.

Replacing socially unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable behavior.

Redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer substitute target.

Reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development.

Unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious.

Which stresses the importance of long-standing patterns in close relationships, particularly within the family, that are shaped by the ways in which people think and feel.

The essence of the theory is that the type or style of an infant's attachment to his or her caregiver can set the stage for psychological health or problems later in life.