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WorksheetsDirksen Bio final
Total questions: 88
Worksheet time: 1hrs 28mins
Based on the tree, which statment is correct?
Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards,goats, and humans.
Goats are more closely related to salamanders than to humans.
The human lineage is a basal taxon.
Salamanders are as closely related to lizards as to humans.
Carolus Linnaeus believed that species remained fixed in the form in which they had been created. Linnaeus would have been uncomfortable with----
a hierarchical classification scheme
phylogenies
nested, increasingly inclusive categories of organisms
taxonomy
The various taxonomic levels (for example, phyla, genera, classes) of the hierarchical classification system differ from each other on the basis of
the relative genome sizes of the organisms assigned to each
morphological characters that are applicable to all organisms
their inclusiveness
how widely assigned to each are distributed throughout the environment
Imagine that a phylogeny was developed for a group of mammals based on bone structure. Which of the following statements would be a reasonable prediction about a phylogeny for the same group of species based on similarity and differences in the structure of a particular enzyme?
No prediction could be made
The same phylogeny would be unlikely
The same phylogeny would be predicted
The amino acid sequence would be identical in all species
The common ancestor of birds and mammals were very early (stem) reptiles, which would almost certainly possessed three-chambered hearts. Birds and mammals however are alike in having four-chambered hearts. The four-chambered hearts of birds and mammals are best described as
structural homologies
structural analogies
vestiges
the result of shared ancestry
Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae). If the molecular data best reflect the evolutionary history of these two groups, the the morphological similarities of these two species is most likely due to---
Possession of analogous (convergent) traits
possession of shared primitive characters
the inheritance of acquired characteristics
sexual selection
Which of the following pairs are the best examples of homologous structures?
owl wing and hornet wing
eyelessness in the Australian mole and eyelessness in the North American mole
bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb
bat wing and bird wing
To apply the principle of maximum parsimony to construction of a phylogenetic tree,
choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable
choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequences or morphology
choose the tree with the fewest branch points
choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible
In a comparison of birds and mammals, having four limbs is
a shared derived character
a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals
an example of analogy rather than homology
a shared ancestral character
If the figure is an accurate depiction of releatedness, then which of the following should be an accurate statement?
The species present at position 4 is ancestral to species E, but not species D.
Species C is more closely related to species B than D is to B
If all species depicted her make up a taxon, this taxon is monophyletic
The species present at position 3 is ancestral to C,D and E.
Humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans are members of a clade called the great apes, which shared a common ancestor about 15 million years ago. Gibbons and siamangs comprise a clade called the lesser apes. Tree-branch lengths indicate elapsed time.
Assuming chimps and gorillas are humans' closest relatives, removing humans from the great ape clade and placing them in a different clade has the effect of making the phylogenetic tree of the great apes---
into a new order
polyphyletic
paraphyletic
monophyletic
Which extinct species should be the best candidate to serve as the outgroup for the clade whose common ancestor occurs at position 2 in the figure?
A
B
C
E
Which of the following statements is accurate with regard to phylogeny, as represented by a phylogenetic tree?
The ancestral group often has all the derived characters of the descendant species.
A monophyletic group can be properly based on convergent features.
Descendant groups (branches) from the same node likely share many derived characters.
Shared ancestral characters are excellent traits to use in developing a phylogeny.
You professor wants you to construct a phylogenetic tree of orchids. She gives you tissue from seven orchid species and one lily. What is the most likely reason she gave you the lily?
to serve as an outgroup
to see if the lily is a cryptic orchid species
to see if the lily and the orchids show all the same shared derived charcters
to demonstrate likely homoplasies
Which of the following froms a monophyletic group?
D,E and F
A,B,C,D
E,F and G
C and D
For which one of the following observations were both Lamarck's hypothesis and Darwin's hypothesis in complete agreement?
Use and disuse of organs determines their size in progeny.
More complex species are descended from less complex species
Gradual evolutionary change explains why organisms are well-suited to their environments.
Acquired characteristics are inherited
Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you shoud
determine if hair length is heritable
test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive
look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins
test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate.
In a hypothetical enviornment, fishes called pike-cichlids are visual predators of large, adult algae-eating fish (in other words, they locate their prey by sight). The population of alage-eaters experiences predatory pressure from pike-cichlids. Which of the following is least likely to result in the algae-eater population in future generation?
selection for algae-eaters that become sexually mature at overall body sizes
selection for drab coloration of the algae-eaters
selection for larger female algae-eaters, bearing broods composed of more and larger young
selection for nocturnal algae-eaters (active only at night)
Which one of the following observation did Darwin first make during his discovery of evolution?
The ability of individuals to survive and reproduce is not equal
Individuals who reproduce more leave more offspring
there is variation in inherited traits
the unequal ability to reproduce leads to the accumulation of favorable traits in a population
If Darwin had been aware of genes and their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement
A single mutation in a single gene in a single gamete, if inherited by future generations, will produce a new species
If an organism's somatic cell genes change during its lifetime, making it more fit, then it will be able to pass these genes on to its offspring.
If an organism acquires new genes by engulfing, or being infected by, another organism, then a new genetic species will result
if natural selection can change gene frequency in a population over generations, given enough time and genetic diversity, then natural selection can cause sufficient genetic change to produce new species from old ones
Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events under the influence of natural selection?
1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals.
2.A change occurs in the environment.
3.Genetic frequencies within the population change
4. poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship
2->4->1->3
2->4->3->1
4->2->3->1
4->2->3->1
Which one of the following statements best defines artificial selection?
Process where humans decide which plants and/or animals will not breed
process that favors beneficial mutations
process of human directed breeding aimed to produce selective traits in selected species
process that occurs when individuals inherit traits that enable them to survive and reproduce
A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these statements explains why the pigweed reappeared?
Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce
Triazine resistant pigweed has less-efficient photosynthesis metabolism
the herbicide company lost its trazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine.
Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species
What are adaptations?
descent with modification from a common ancestor
geologic changes over time
inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival
rocks containing fossils
It has been observed that organisms on islands are different from, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent. This is taken as evidence that---
the island forms and mainland forms are converging
island forms are descended from mainland forms
common environments are inhabited by the same organisms
island forms and mainland forms have identical gene pools
Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?
bones in the flipper of a whale
bony rays in the tail fin of a flying fish
chitinous struts in the wing of a butterfly
bones in the hind limb of a kangaroo
DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have prevented this evolution of DDT resistance in insect pests?
The frequency of DDT application should have been higher
All habitats should have received applications of DDT at about the same time
DDT application should have been continual
None of the insect pests would have genetic variations that resulted in DDT resistance
Pseudogenes are
unrelated genes that code for the same gene product
composed of RNA, rather than DNA
nonfuctional vestigial genes
the same things as introns
Over time, the movement of people on earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing
genetic drift
geographical isolation
nonrandom mating
gene flow
In 1986, a nuclear power accident in Chernobly, USSR (now Ukraine), led to high radiation levels for miles surrounding the plant. The high levels of radiation caused elevated mutation rates in the surviving organisms, and evolutionary biologists have been studying rodent populations in the Chernobyl area ever since. Based on you understanding of evolutionary mechanisms, which of the following most likely occured in the rodent populations following the accident?
Mutations caused major changes in rodent physiology over time
mutation caused the fixation of new alleles
mutation led to increased genetic variation
mutation caused genetic drift and decreased fitness
Which of the following is the most predictable outcome of increased gene flow between two populations?
lower average fitness in both population
increased genetic difference between the two populations
higher average fitness in both populations
decreased genetic difference between the two populations
An earthquake decimates a ground-squirrel population, killing 98% of the squirrels. The surviving population happens to have broader stripes, on average, than the initial population. If broadness of stripes is genetically determined, what effect has the ground-squirrel population experienced during the earthquake?
disruptive selection
a genetic bottleneck
directional selection
a founder event
The Dunkers are a religious group that moved from Germany to Pennsylvania in the mid-1700s. They do not marry with members outside their own immediate community. Today, the Dunkers are genetically unique and differ in gene frequency at many loci, from all other populations including those in their original homeland. Which of the following likely explains the genetic uniqueness of this population?
population bottleneck and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
founder effect and genetic drift
heterozygote advantage and stabilizing selection
mutation and natural selection
Which one of these processes describes bottleneck effect?
sudden change in environments that alters gene frequency of a population
transfer of alleles in and out of a population due to movement of fertile individuals
chance events that change allele frequency
alleles transferred to the next generation in portions that differ from pervious generation
Soon after the island of Hawaii rose above the sea surface, the evolution of life on this new island should have been most strongly influence by---
a genetic bottleneck
the founder effect
habitat differentiation
sexual selection
Genetic drift produces variation for evolution when---
A gene pool decreases because a smaller group establishes a new population
A population has heritable traits better suited to the environment
Chance events cause allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably
Sudden change in environment drastically reduces the gene pool
Comparsons of Neanderthal DNA revealed that there are more similarities to non-African DNA than reference sequences from West Africans.Additionally, scientists found that Neaderthal DNA is as closely related to East Asians as to Europeans. This indicates that interbreeding occurred before human migration further east. What process of population genetics generated these results?
Gene drift
Nonrandom mating
Gene flow
Adaptive evolution
Which postzygotic barriers prevent formation of hybrids beyond the first generations?
increased hybrid vulnerability
increased hybrid fertility
hybrid gamete isolation
hybrid breakdonw
Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation?
A population becomes geographically isolated from the parents population
The separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs
Different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations
The isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population
Gene flow between the two populations is extensive
Which of the following statements describes mechanical isolation prezygotic barrier?
Two snails have shells that spiral in different directions
Two species mate at different times
Two species share courtship activities
Two species live in different habitats
In the oceans on either side of the Isthmus of Panama are 30 species of snapping shrimp; some are shallow-water species, others are adapted to deep water. There are 15 species on the Pacific side and 15 different species on the Atlantic side. The Isthmus of Panama started rising about 10 million years ago. The oceans were completely separated by the isthmus about 3 million years ago.
Which factor is most important for explaining why there are equal numbers of snapping shrimp species on either side of the isthmus?
The elevation of the isthmus above sea level
The depth of the sea
The number of actual depth habitats between the surface and the sea floor
The relative shortness of time they have been separated
Feetle pollinators of a particular plant are attracted to its flowers' bright orange color. The beetles not only pollinate the flowers, but they mate while inside of the flowers. A mutant version of the plant with red flowers becomes more common with the passage of time. A particular variant of the beetle prefers the red flowers to the orange flowers. over time, these two bottle variants diverge from each other to such an extent that interbreeding is no longer possible. What kind of speciation has occurred in this example, and what has drive it?
sympatric speciation; allopolyploidy
allopatric speciation; ecological isolation
sympatric speciation; habitat differentiation
allopatric speciation; behavioral isolation
A small number of birds arrive on an island from a neighboring larger island. The small population begins to adapt to the new food plants available on the island, and their beaks begin to change. About twice a year, one or two more birds from the neighboring island arrive. These new arriavals---
tend to promote adaptation to the new food plants
speed up the process of speciation
tend to slow adaptation to the new food plants
represent a colonizing event response
Speciation---
must begin with the geographic isolation of a small, frontier population
can involve changes to a single gene
occurs at such a slow pace that no one has ever observed the emergence of new species
occurs only by the accumulation of small genetic changes over vast expanses of time
What oes the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries?
niche differences
geographical isolation
gene flow
morphological similarity
According to the concept of punctuated equillibrium the sudden appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that---
the species is now extinct
speciation occurred in one generation
speciation occurred rapidly in geological time
the species will consequently have a relatively short existence with other species
Which conclusion can be drawn from this evolutionary tree?
Assuming that the tip of each line represents a species, there are five extant species resulting from the earliest common ancestor.
Species X and Z best represent species that evolved by punctuated equilibrium.
A single clade can include species that formed by gradualism and other species that formed by punctuated equilibrium.
A single clade will either include species that formed by gradualism or species that formed by punctuated equilibrium.
In hyrid zones where reinforcement is occuring, we should see a decline in---
speciation
the genetic distinctness of two gene pools
gene flow between distinct gene pools
mutation rates
The phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a period of geographic isolation, two populations meet again and---
an increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next 100 generation
an increasing number of infertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next 100 generation
non reproduction occurs in the hybrid zone
a decreasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next 100 generation
What happend to the hybrid zone when gene flow is established?
continued production of hybrids
a population merges with another population
hybrids cease to be formed
weakening of reproductive barriers
You want to study divergence of populations, and you need to maximize the rate of divergence to see results within the period of your grant funding. You will form a new population by taking some individuals from a source population and isolating them so the two populations cannot interbreed. What combination of characteristics would maximize your chance of seeing divergence in this study?
1. Choose a random sample of individuals to form the new population
2.Choose individuals from one extreme to form the new population
3. Choose a species to study that produces many offspring
4.Choose a species to study that produces a few, large offspring
5. Place the new population in the same type of environment as the source population
6.Place the new population in a novel environment compared to that of the source population
2.3,and 6
1,3 and 6
1,4 and 6
2,3 and 5
How are two different species most likely to evolve from one ancestral species?
sympatrically, by a point mutation affecting morphology or behavior
allopatrically, due to extensive inbreeding
allopatrically, after the ancestral species has split into two populations
sympatrically, due to extensive inbreeding
To assign absolute dates to fossils in a sediment core, it would be most helpful if---
you knew the order in which the fossils occurred
fossils throughout the column were equally spaced apart
the sediments had not been affected by underwater currents during their depostion
volcanic ash layers were regularly interspersed between the sedimentary strata
Which of the following statements suggests natural selection as a mechanism in the evolution of ribozymes?
Some strands of RNA replicate more often and with more mutation
Replication of RNA is flawless
Single-stranded RNA has many shapes
Some strands of RNA replicate less often
You are the lucky student of a wacky professor who develops a time machine. He aks if you will test it with him. You get in and there is an immediate glitch-the date readout fails so that when you land you are not sure what era you are in. Your professor begins to panic, but you see something that tell you are in the Cenozoic era. Which of the following could it be?
masses of green ferns with dragonflies hovering above them
a rabbit eating a daisy
a water lily floating in a pond
a bee pollination a flower
Which of the following showed their greates diversity during the Mesozoic era, but were a small less diverse group during the Paleozoic era?
fungi
mammals
flowering plants
gymnosperms
Hawaii is the most southeastern of the seven largest islands and is also closest to the seafloor spreading center from which the Pacific plate originates, which lies about 5,600 km farther to the southeast. Assuming equal sedimentation rates, what should be the location of the thickest sediment layer and thrust the area with the greatest diversity of fossils above the oceanic crust?
between the island of Hawaii and the seafloor spreading center
where the islands are most concentrated
around the base of kauai, the oldest of the large hawaiian islands
around the base of the island of hawaii
Which period had the greatest increase in the number of extant species?
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Permian
Cenozoic
How does continental drift explain the uniqueness of Australian fauna?
The subsequent separation of the southern continents formed an island of marsupials
Marsupials fill the ecological niche as eutherians on other continents
Fossil evidence suggests that marsupials originated in Asia and reached Australia via South America
In Australia, marsupials diversified, and eutherians became extinct
Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of four of the following five factors. Select the exception.
Genetic drift
Evolutionary innovation
Colonization of an isolated region that contains suitable habitat and few competitor species
Vacant ecological niches
An adaptive radiation is a group of organisms that another group uses as food
One hypothesis that has been proposed regarding the origin of life suggests that life evolved from an "RNA world" to today's "DNA world". Considering the properties of RNA and DNA molecules, which questions would direct an investigation of the most insightful tests of this hypothesis?
Is it likely that RNA molecules functioned as ribozymes to synthesize DNA from amino acids, and that this role was reversed when DNA became the information source?
Since ribozymes could freely enter and leave the vesicles, could these molecules have brought external DNA into the cell as a less stable, but more reliable storage molecule of double-stranded DNA?
Is it likely that simple, yet stable RNA molecules served as a primitive precursor to a less stable DNA molecule that was more capable of storing more information?
Could RNA have provided a template for DNA assembly, thereby enabling a more stable molecule that is replicated more accurately?
How was early Earth from more than three billion years ago different from today's Earth? Unlike Earth today, early Earth---
had an atmosphere with significant quantities of ozone
had an oxidizing atmosphere
experienced little high-energy radiation from the sun
had an atmosphere rich in gases released from volcanic erupions
Which of the following would be least likely to appear in the fossil record?
marine-dwelling species
marsh-dwelling species
burrowing species
desert-dwelling species
Which of the following characteristics are expected in the first animals to have been colonized land?
1. They were probably herbivores
2. Animals had four appendages
3. Animals had the ability to resist dehydration
4.Animals had lobe-finned fishes as ancestors
5.Invertebrates
1,3,5
3
3,5
1,2,3,4
How did the Cretaceous and Permian extinctions affect the number of prey organisms?
predators and prey decreased in numbers
the permian predators removed all cretaceous predators
after the cretaceous extinction, the number of predators continuously increased
after the permian extinction, the numbers or prey organisms increased then leveled off
The Permian period ended, and then rapid speciation occurred as new animal and plant forms evolved. The most likely explanation for this is---
1. Adaptive radiation
2. Ecological opportunity
3. Lack of competition
4. Morphological innovation
just one of the above
two of the above
three of the above
all of the above
What was the basis for the adaptive radiation of mammals after the extinction of terrestrial dinosaurs?
small size
increase in diversity
nocturnal vision
outcompeting for food
The following question is based on the observation that several dozen different proteins comprise the prokaryotic flagellum and its attachment to the prokaryotic cell, producing a highly complex structure.
If the complex protein assemblage of the prokaryotic flagellum arose by the same general processes as those of the complex eyes of molluscs, then---
natural selection cannot account for the rise of prokaryotic flagellum
the need for more complex structure must have driven evolution
neither eyes nor flagella could have arisen by evolution because both are too complex to have evolved
ancestral versions of this protein assemblage were either less functional or had different function than modern prokaryotic flagella
Which of the following is a limit of evolution that results in exaptations?
natural selection and sexual selection can work at cross-purposes to each other
evolution is limited by historical constraints
adaptations are often compromises
chance events affect the evolutionary history of populations in environments that can change unpredictably
Why would gene duplication events, such as those seen in the Hox gene complex, set the stage for adaptive radiation?
the original gene copy is the outgroup, and the new gene copies are the adaptive radiation
one copy of gene can perform the original fuction, while other copies are available to take on new functions
there are more copies of genes, meaning speciation had occurred by polyploidy
without duplicated genes, species would be vulnerabble to extinction
The oxygen revolution changed Earth's enviornment dramatically. Which of the following took advantage of the presence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?
the evolution of multicellular eukaryotic colonies from communities of prokaryotes
the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from organic molecules
the evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria
the evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protected early algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen
the persistence of some animal groups in anaerobic habitats
What conclusion can you draw from the data?
All Rhizobium strains have similar, highly positive effect on plant growth
Some Rhizobium strains are much more effective at promoting plant growth than other strains; the most ineffective strains have little positive effect.
In a bacterium that possesses antibiotic resistance and the potential to persist through very adverse conditions, such as freezing, drying, or high temperatures, DNA should be located within, or be part of, which structures?
nucleoid, fimbriae and plasmids
plasmids, nucleoid, and endospore
endospore, fimbriae, and plasmids
fimbriae, nucleoid, and endospore
Which of the following observations about flagella is accurate and is consistent with the scientific conclusion that the flagella from archaea and bacteria evolved independently?
both groups have flagella like those found in eukaryotes
the flagella of the two groups differ in size
the protein structures in the flagella are different
the mechanisms of rotation are similar
Which of the following observations about flagella is accurate and is consistent with the scientific conclusion that the flagella from eukaryotes and bacteria evolved independently?
although the mechanism of movement in both flagella is the same, the protein that accomplishes the movement is different
the protein structure and the mechanism of movement in eukaryotes flagella are different from those bacteria flagella
the flagella of both eukaryotes and bacteria are made of the same protein, but the configuration is different
the mechanics of movement and protein structure are the same in these flagella, but there are significant genetic differences
Which of the following statements is accurate with regard to the life cycle of mosses?
The haploid generation grows on the sporophyte generation
Spores are primarily distributed by water currents
The sporophyte generation is dominat
Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes
How could you determine if a plant is heterosporous?
it has multiple sporangia
male and female reproductive structures are located on separate plants
it has vascular tissue
its diploid sporophyte produces spores via meiosis
you are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either lycophyte sporophyte or a monilophyte sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?
whether or not it has seeds
its height
whether it has microphylls or megaphylls
whether or not it has true leaves
Which of the following lines of evidence would best support your assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm?
it undergoes alternation of genrations
it produces seeds
it retains its fertilized egg within its archegonium
it lacks gametangia
Which of the following characteristics is functionally important in cells of the gametophytes of both angiosperms and gymnosperms?
endosperm
diploid nuclei
chloroplasts
mitochondria
If one were to propose a new taxon of plants that included all the plants that are pollinated by animals, but excluded all plants that are not pollinated by aninimals, then this new taxon would be---
monophyletic
paraphyletic
polyphyletic
identical in composition to the phylum anthophyta
stamens, sepals, petals, carpals and pinecone scales are all
modified leaves
found on flowers
capable of photosynthesis
female reproductive parts
in addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants?
lignin present in cell walls
sporopollenin
megaphylls
pollen
The advantages of the reduced gametophytes in seed plants include---
development of the seed
protection from ultraviolet radiation, gain of nutrients from its own photosynthesis, and protection from drying out
protection from ultraviolet radiation, gain of nutrients from the sporophyte, and protection from drying out
A fungal spore germinates,giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the solid surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which of the following accounts for the fungal movement, as described here?
karyogamy
mycelial flagella
cytoplasmic streaming in hyphae
breezes distributing spores
Early fungi probably formed mutualistic association with early plants, providing nutrients to the plant and receiving energy containing compounds. Evidence that plants' ability to form a mutaualistic association with fungi is due to ancient genes includes which of the following occurrences?
presence of genes in the earliest fungi that showed an ability to digest cellulose and lignin
presence of genes for chitin in the oldest flowering plants and oldest fungi
fossils that show hyphae wrapped around seeds
restoration of the ability to from mycorrhizae with fungi by a flowering plant after biologists transferred a gene from a liverwort to the flowering plant
Fungi produce many compounds that humans are able to use medically. How can you account for these compounds
the compounds are produced as a result of sexual reproduction and recombination
the compounds probably provide a benefit to the fungi
the presence of the compounds in the fungi were accidentally produced and have no function
If animals had alternation of generations like plants,---
the products of meiosis would undergo mitosis and become multicellular
the products of mitosis would undergo meiosis
they would have twice as rapid a population growth rate as compared to their current rates
the products of meiosis would immediately fuse to form a zygote and then under mitosis
