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SOL Review - BIO.5 DNA & Genetics

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 3hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How does DNA replicate/copy itself?

a)

Carefully

b)

Semiconservatively

c)

Mitosis

d)

Xerox

2.

What are the four bases of DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Cytosine

3.

What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the history of DNA?

a)

She made a model of DNA

b)

She used X-ray crystallography to take a photograph of DNA

c)

She died of cancer at 37

d)

She stole the photo of DNA

4.

Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?

a)

They are relatives of Sherlock Holmes and John Watson

b)

Were thieves

c)

Built the first accurate model of DNA

d)

Story characters

5.

Homozygous are shown by

a)

same alleles like a and a = aa

b)

same alleles like A and A = AA

c)

are different alleles like A and a

6.

Genotype is

a)

the genetic makeup

b)

the trait you see

c)

a gene

d)

the type of gene

7.

phenotype is

a)

the genetic makeup

b)

the trait you see

c)

a photograph

d)

is a type of pheno

8.

Punnett Squares are used for what?

a)

Determine the chances of traits of offspring

b)

Multiplication

c)

Determine alleles and how to pair them up

d)

To show squares within a square

9.

Homozygous is

a)

identical alleles

b)

different alleles

c)

letters

d)

numbers

10.

Heterozygous is

a)

identical alleles

b)

different alleles

c)

letters

d)

numbers

11.

What is the percentage of homozygous recessive traits?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

12.

What is the probability of the offspring showing the dominant trait?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

13.

What is the chance of the offspring being heterozygous?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

14.

A ___________________ is part of the DNA code on a chromosome.

a)

gene

b)

phenotype

c)

genotype

d)

gender

15.

1. Which of these is a recessive genetic disorder?

a)

Down syndrome

b)

type O blood

c)

type AB blood

d)

cystic fibrosis

16.

1. Which of the following is NOT part of a chromosome?

a)

proteins

b)

deoxyribonucleic acid

c)

cell

d)

DNA

17.

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogen bases that form the rungs of the ladder in DNA?

a)

adenine

b)

francine

c)

cytosine

d)

guanine

18.

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

a)

messenger RNA

b)

ribosomal RNA

c)

transfer RNA

d)

translational RNA

19.

Which of the following is NOT an external cause of mutation?

a)

exposure to X-rays

b)

exposure to neon light

c)

exposure to ultraviolet light

d)

exposure to radioactive materials

20.

Mutations cause changes in _____.

a)

protons

b)

electrons

c)

proteins

d)

neutrons

21.

The sides of the helix labeled as A are made of _______________________ groups.

a)

sugar-phosphate

b)

nitrogen

c)

nucleotide

d)

protein

22.

The _________________________ is labeled as C and shows a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

a)

sugar-phosphate

b)

nitrogen

c)

nucleotide

d)

protein

23.

Describe the figure

a)

The figure shows that chromosomes are made of coiled strands of DNA.

b)

The figure shows a telephone cord.

c)

The figure shows an X chromosome.

d)

The figure shows the anatomy of a worm.

24.

Explain what is happening in the figure. What is this process called?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Mutation

d)

Perception

25.

The factor that covers up another factor is a?

a)

Recessive gene

b)

not the best one

c)

allele

d)

dominant factor

26.

An Example of an inherited trait would be?

a)

My favorite color is Orange.

b)

My favorite animal is a bird

c)

I have Hazel eyes

d)

I am really strong

27.

An organism that received different alleles for a trait from each parent?

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

c)

Hybrid

d)

Proteins

28.

Strands of DNA that are twisted together are called?

a)

alleles

b)

chromatin

c)

chromosomes

d)

genes

29.

The human body cells have what number of chromosomes?

a)

23 chromosomes

b)

46, or 23 pairs of chromosomes

c)

too many to count

d)

72 chromosomes

30.

What was Rosalind Franklin's contribution to the understanding of genetics?

a)

Discovery of mutations

b)

Rabbit DNA

c)

X-ray photographs of DNA

d)

Dominant and recessive traits

31.

When a DNA sequence is copied, sometimes mistakes occur in the new strand of DNA. This is known as a ?

a)

alleles

b)

dominant trait

c)

recessive trait

d)

mutation

32.

The nitrogenour base pairs are?

a)

Adenine-Thymine and Cytosine-Guanine

b)

Adenine-Cytosine and Thymine-Guanine

c)

Adenine-Protein and Thymine-fats

d)

Thymine pairs with Cytosine

33.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both 
34.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
35.
T = tall an t = short
What is the phenotype for Tt?
a)
short
b)
tall
c)
medium sized
d)
neither tall or short
36.
What are the possible genotypes for this cross?
a)
TT = 25% Tt= 50% tt=25%
b)
all tall
c)
TT= 75% tt = 25%
d)
Tt = 100%
37.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand?
ATG    TGA   CAG
_ _ _   _ _ _  _ _ _ 
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
38.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
39.
A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
a)
100% BB
b)
75% BB and 25%Bb
c)
50 % BB and 50% Bb
d)
50% Bb and 50% bb
40.
How many PAIRS of chromosomes do humans have?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
1
d)
2
41.
I have 2 X chromosomes. What am I?
a)
Male
b)
Female
42.
If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?
a)
sex-linked trait
b)
polygenic trait
c)
codominant trait
d)
incomplete dominance trait
43.
Magda is a tall, 11 year old drummer. She has a scar on her right cheek. She is good at swimming. Which of her traits did Magda most likely inherit?
a)
height
b)
the scar
c)
ability to swim
d)
ability to play drums
44.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
45.
W=white hair
w= non-white hair
If you cross a horse with WW and a horse with ww what fraction of the offspring would be expected to have white hair?
a)
none
b)
3/4
c)
1/2
d)
all
46.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
47.
The following are inherited traits of humans EXCEPT...
a)
long hair
b)
blue eyes
c)
long eyelashes
d)
small dimples
48.
Which best explains why a child may look like his father, but is not able to play basketball as well as him?
a)
Physical characteristics are inherited, but the ability to shoot a basketball is not. This is environmental.
b)
The ability to shoot a basketball is inherited, but physical characteristics are not.
c)
The child chooses to look like his father, but he does not choose to play basketball.
d)
He hates playing basketball so he doesn't care if his dad can play.
49.
The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells.
a)
cell division
b)
proteins
c)
nucleus
d)
DNA
50.
Identifies unique patterns in an individual's DNA and can be used to identify individuals
a)
replication
b)
heredity
c)
DNA fingerprint
d)
genetics
51.
The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
a)
translation
b)
DNA replication
c)
transcription
d)
inheritance
52.
The human manipulation of individual genes within organisms.
a)
mutagen
b)
transcription
c)
phenotype
d)
genetic engineering
53.
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
a)
dominant
b)
phenotype
c)
genotype
d)
recessive
54.
A chemical or physical agent in the environment that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
a)
protein
b)
mutagen
c)
amino acid
d)
base pair
55.
The process where the genetic code in a gene forms a chain of amino acids called a protein
a)
genetic engineering
b)
cell division
c)
replication
d)
translation
56.
Suppose two organisms, each heterozygous for eye color, reproduced and had offspring. How likely are the two organisms to have heterozygous offspring?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
57.
Gametes are formed and the chromosome number is reduced in this type of cell division
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
c)
Cytokenesis
d)
Translation
58.
One codon for STOP is?
a)
AAA
b)
UUA
c)
UAA
BB/bb
d)
AAG
White fur
59.

You receive a whole copy of DNA from your mother and your father.

a)

True

b)

False

60.

Choose the correct matching strand of DNA to:


ATTCATGAG

a)

TAAGTACTC

b)

TATGTATTC

c)

GCCTGATAT

d)

TATCTACTC

61.

The process of "halving" an organism's chromosomes in reproduction is called _______.

a)

Meiosis

b)

Mitosis

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Making New DNA

62.
Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and..?
a)
nitrogenous base
b)
nucleic acid
c)
cholesterol
d)
fatty acid
63.
What is the role of mRNA?
a)
carries genetic information to ribosomes
b)
stores genetic information
c)
translates genetic code of mRNA
d)
erases genetic information
64.
The function of a protein 
a)
is used in the body for building, repair, and maintenance
b)
helps transfer DNA
c)
is used in creating DNA
d)
helps make sugars
65.
Trisomy 21 is an example of
a)
insertion
b)
inversion
c)
crossing over
d)
nondisjunction
66.
A mutation in a man's sex chromosomes will result in:
a)
a mutation in his offspring
b)
a shorter life
c)
lifelong disabilities
67.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

a)

phosphate group, sugar, nitrogen base

b)

phospate group, water, nitrogen base

c)

glycerol, sugar, nitrogen base

d)

adenine, thymine, cytosine

68.

The chances of something happening is called -

a)

dominant

b)

genotype

c)

phenotype

d)

probability

69.

This person used X-rays to capture the first image of the DNA double helix.

a)

Benjamin Franklin

b)

Rosalind Franklin

c)

James Watson

d)

Francis Crick

70.

These were the two scientists awarded the Nobel Prize for their 3D model of the DNA double helix.

a)

Franklin & Wilkins

b)

Watson & Crick

c)

Darwin & Wallace

d)

Mendel & Pea

71.
A trait that is NOT coded in your DNA, and is NOT passed from parent to offspring is...
a)
Acquired
b)
Inherited
c)
Genetic
d)
Defective
72.
Where is DNA kept inside a bacterial cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Vacuole
c)
Chloroplast
d)
Cytoplasm
73.
It is possible that scientists may be able to prevent inherited diseases using genetic engineering.
a)
True
b)
False
74.

The allele for blue eyes (b) is recessive and the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant. What is the genotype for someone who has blue eyes?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

75.

What is the central dogma of biology

a)

RNA --> DNA --> PROTEIN

b)

Protein --> RNA --> DNA

c)

DNA--> RNA --> Protein

d)

DNA --> Protein --> RNA

76.

Dimples are dominant to no dimples. Cross two heterozygous people with dimples. Genotypic ratio?

a)

3 dimples : 1 no dimples

b)

1 DD : 2 Dd : 1 dd

c)

1 dimples : 1 no dimples

d)

3 Dd : 1 dd

77.

In tomatoes red fruit is dominant to yellow fruit and long vines are dominant to short vines. Cross a plant homozygous for yellow fruit and long vines with a heterozygous red fruit, long-vined plant. Chances of getting a yellow, tall vined plant?

a)

50%

b)

25%

c)

100%

d)

12.5%

78.

Polled (hornless) cattle are dominant over horned cattle. Occasionally, cows birth horned calves. If a farmer only has polled cattle, why are horned calves still born?

a)

he has bad fences so other bulls mate with his cows

b)

his cattle are heterozygous for the polled trait

c)

horned cattle are the result of a random mutation

d)

his bull has horns

79.

A normal man and woman have an albino child. The woman is pregnant with their second child, what is the chance they have another albino child?

a)

25%

b)

75%

c)

50%

d)

100%

80.

A man sues his wife for infidelity. She has type A blood and her child has type O blood. What would his blood type have to be for him to win his court case?

a)

AB

b)

heterozygous B

c)

heterozygous A

d)

o

81.

In the jungle, a certain bird species is either blue, red, or purple if heterozygous. Blue is dominant to red. What is the genotypic ratio of the cross of two purple birds?

a)

1 FF : 2 Ff : 1 ff

b)

1 blue : 2 purple : 1 red

c)

3 blue : 1 red

d)

all Ff

82.

A man is heterozygous for type B blood and his wife has type AB blood. What is the percent chance their child has type A blood?

a)

25%

b)

0%

c)

50%

d)

75%

83.

A normal vision female has a child with a normal vision male and their daughter is born color-blind. The man accuses her of cheating on him! Could this child actually be his?

a)

yes, because the wife is a carrier

b)

cheater!

c)

yes, colorblindness is a dominant trait

d)

no, the daughter got a recessive allele from her father

84.

What is the genotype of individual II - 1?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

impossible to tell

85.

If individual #11 gets married and has a child with a heterozygous woman, what is the % chance their child has the same genotype as the father?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

impossible to tell

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