Shadows cast by objects change throughout the day. The picture shows the shadow cast by a tree at 3 pm. Which picture shows how the tree's shadow most likely looked at 9 am? (5.8C)

A student draws diagrams of her house and the location of the sun in the sky. Which diagram does not correctly represent the location of the sun at the time indicated? (5.8C)

A student is looking for evidence that Earth is always rotating on its axis. Which of the following would provide the best evidence? (5.8C)

A student draws a model showing the movements of Earth, the moon, and the sun. Which arrow shows the movement that causes day and night on Earth? (5.8C)

Which of these best explains why the sun appears to move across the sky each day? (5.8C)

A student observed the Sun throughout the day over the neighbor’s house. The change the student observed is caused by -

A person that spins a string with a ball at the end around their head best models the earth's ______.

The model shows layers of sediment on the floor of an ocean. Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years? (5.7A)

Fossil fuels formed over long periods of time after particles in water settled to the sea floor and formed marine mud. What kinds of particles needed to be present in the marine mud in order for fossil fuels to form? (5.7A)

Some students make a model to show one of the first steps in the formation of sedimentary rock. The students pour 2 centimeters of light-colored sand into a clear plastic box. Then they add 1 centimeter of gravel. Finally they pour 2 centimeters of dark-colored sand on top of the gravel. Which characteristic of sedimentary rock does this model best show? (5.7A)

Erosion is one of the processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Which of these best describes the process of erosion? (5.7A)

This photograph shows plants growing on the surface of a pond. How do plants like these form fossil fuels? (5.7A)

Which list contains only processes that must occur in order for fossil fuels to form? (5.7A)

Which diagram models the process of compaction leading to the formation of sedimentary rock? (5.7A)

Which statement best describes the processes of weathering and erosion? (5.7A)

Which of the following correctly completes the Sedimentary Rock Cycle?

Which of the following describes the formation of sedimentary rocks in the correct order?

Small particles of broken down rock can be formed into sedimentary rock when they are buried and then -

Which of the following is a process that creates the sediments that form sedimentary rock?

Which circuit shown will produce light when the switch is closed?

A student wants to make a change to the circuit shown below so that when Switch 1 is open and Switch 2 is closed, only one light will be on in the circuit. Which diagram shows how the students should change the circuit?

A student wants to build a circuit with four lightbulbs and one bell. The student wants to place a switch in the circuit so that only one light will still be on and the bell will still ring when the switch is opened. Which of these circuits should the student build?

The circuit below does not work. Which procedure would most likely allow the bulbs to light?

In some circuits that are used for decorating, one burned-out lightbulb will prevent the other lightbulbs from lighting. In other circuits, one burned-out lightbulb will have no effect on the other lightbulbs. In which of these circuits will the other light bulbs still light even if one bulb is burned out?

Students constructed a circuit using different colored lightbulbs. What will happen if Switch 3 is closed and the other switches are left open?

This circuit has three lightbulbs and a bell. Which procedure will result in only the blue lightbulbs operating?

A group of students built the circuit shown below. The lightbulb does not glow. Which statement explains this observation?

Which of these changes to the electric circuit shown above will cause the lightbulb to light up?

Most cars have lights, power locks, radios, and other equipment that use electricity. Electric circuits power this equipment. Each circuit has a fuse that completes it. The picture below shows one type of fuse a car may have. Which of these describes one thing that could happen if the wire in a car fuse burns out?

Scientists use telescopes to make distant objects appear closer. Some parts of a telescope are shown below. Which of the following best describes how the objective lens of this telescope helps a scientist observe the moon?

When light travels through air into a prism, it bends and separates into many colors. In which other situation does light bend?

Which of these best demonstrates the reflection of light?

The model shows a special glass fiber that is thinner than some metal wires. When light enters one end of the fiber, it moves through the fiber as shown. After the light leaves the fiber, it travels

Some students paint the inside of several boxes. They paint each box a different color. They observe that the inside of the box painted white looks brighter than the others. What is the most likely reason this box looks brighter?

The picture shows a child standing in a swimming pool. Why does the lower part of the child appear so much different in size from the upper part?

In 1859, Henry Bursill published a book of hand shadows. The picture below shows one of these hand shadows. Which property of light makes it possible to produce hand shadows?

The diagram shows a fish being viewed from above the water. The fish appears to be closer to the surface than it really is. What causes this difference?

A student looks into a mirror and sees an image of an object. Which diagram shows an X where the object is most likely located?

A teacher takes the top and side off a box. She cuts a whole in another side and puts a candle outside the box as shown below. When the teacher lights the candle in a dark room, some of the candlelight shines through the hole. Which diagram best shows how the light appears on the opposite wall of the box?

Lasers produce a beam of light that can be focused on a small area. A teacher uses two mirrors to shine a beam of light from a laser onto a box. Which diagram shows how the teacher should position the two mirrors?

This picture shows an area of Yosemite National Park. Which statement about light is supported by this picture?

This photograph shows a girl using a lab instrument during an investigation on light. A teacher asks the other students in the class to look carefully at the girl's eye and give reasons for its appearance. Which table correctly identifies the reasons for the appearance of this girl's eye through the lab instrument?

A student conducts an investigation by shining a flashlight toward a flat mirror. The student changes the angle of the mirror and observes the path of the reflected light. As the mirror changes direction, the light reaching the mirror can reach the ceiling because the light

Some students are feeding a crab in an aquarium. They use tongs to place food directly in front of the crab. The students look through the side of the aquarium. They notice that the image of the tongs appears to break as the tongs enter the water. Which property of light are the students observing in this situation?

The picture shows how a light ray behaves with two different types of materials. Which table best describes the behavior of the light ray as it encounters the materials?

A thin beam of light is show in this picture. What does the picture demonstrate about light?

A student uses a flashlight to shine a beam of light on three different objects. Which table describes what happens to the light beam as it interacts with each object?

For a class demonstration a student turned off the lights in the classroom. The student then shined light from a flashlight through a hole in a piece of cardboard. The class saw the narrow beam of light continue until another student placed a mirror in the light's path. The light did not continue past the mirror because

The student is observing part of a plant with a microscope. Which statement describes a behavior of light in the microscope?

A student is looking directly at a lit nightlight through two different cardboard tubes as shown. Through which tube, if any, will the light be seen and why?

A student uses the setup shown to investigate ways to speed up evaporation. Which forms of energy are being compared in the student's investigation?

Examples of objects that use different types of energy to perform their functions are shown. Which examples use mechanical energy to perform their functions?

A student recorded the time it took for all the water in a puddle on a sidewalk to evaporate after a rain. Which kind of energy causes water to evaporate?

A science class is observing a pet turtle in a small plastic pool. The students turned on a portable camping lamp that is clamped on to a counter next to the pool. Which kind of energy is used by the portable lamp to produce light?

The photograph shows a laser cutting a sheet of metal as the laser moves from one end of the metal to the other. Four groups of students each made a table of examples of different types of energy involved in this process. Which of these tables is correct?

Eight activities that use energy are listed below.

1. A bus driver starts a bus.

2. A soccer player kicks a ball.

3. A teacher writes notes on a chalkboard.

4. A chef stirs soup on a stove.

5. A bird flaps its wings and chirps to attract a mate.

6. A basketball referee blows a whistle.

7. A waiter pours water into a glass.

8. A person changes the channel on a TV.

Each of these activities requires the use of which kind of energy?

Which of these devices is the only one NOT designed to produce both sound and light energy?

A family was vacationing in the mountains in a cabin that had no electrical power. They needed boiling water in order to prepare dried soup mix. With no electrical energy available, which method would most likely provide enough thermal energy to quickly heat the water to boiling?

The toy oven shown uses a lightbulb to bake small cakes. What types of energy does the toy oven use to bake the cakes?

Which object requires only mechanical energy to perform its main function?

A student made a list of activities that involve energy. Which activities on the list are examples of the use of mechanical energy?

1. Sharks chasing a school of fish.

2. A toaster heating bread.

3. A cell phone charging.

4. A tree limb falling to the ground.

5. Tomato plants absorbing sunlight.

6. A canoe floating down a river.

An old-fashioned metal toy is shown below. When the candle is lit, the carousel of the horses begins to turn. Which of these correctly describes the energy that makes the carousel turn?

A student uses a set of headphones to listen to music. Which of these objects uses the same source of energy as the headphones?

Many people ride a bicycle for fun and exercise. Some people ride a bicycle to work because it saves money and benefits the environment by reducing the use of fossil fuels. Which of these is NOT an example of the bicycle using mechanical energy?

When a bat searches for prey at night, it makes sounds as it flies, and it uses the sounds' echoes to find its prey. When the bat flies and listens to the echoes to locate prey, it is using

A class is learning about states of matter. The teacher shows the students how to set up the investigation shown in the diagram. What kinds of energy are needed in this investigation to change the states of matter of the candle?

Rube Goldberg was an artist who drew cartoons that showed a very complicated way to do a simple task. The picture below shows a cartoon like the ones Goldberg drew. Which form of energy is used to turn on the switch?

Water flows through turbines in dams like the one shown below. The flowing water makes the turbines spin. What type of energy is used to make the turbines spin in this type of dam?

Three different objects that use the same source of energy are shown below. What is the energy source for these objects?

Which animal behavior is NOT correctly classified?

Based on these adaptations, what kind of environment do you think Bird 4 would live in?

Which tomato plant characteristic is least likely to be inherited?

Which statement does NOT describe how the body structures of these animals help them escape predators?

A student raises a parrot from the time it hatches. Which of these behaviors did the parrot most likely learn from living in the student's home?

Unlike humans, otters have special flaps that close off their nostrils and ears. These flaps help otters survive in an environment that is --

Which observations are about inherited traits?

A bright-red male cardinal comes to a school bird feeder every morning. Like other cardinals, this bird makes a sharp chirping sound as it hops around the bird feeder.

Which of these is a learned behavior?

A family takes a group picture in a park where bluebonnets are blooming. The family notices that some of the blooms are white and others are blue.

The color of the blooms is most likely determined by --

The leaves of both plants have different structures. What differences in the structure of the leaves of these plants likely help them survive in their environments?