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Ms. Morey Bio Unit 8

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
2.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
3.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
4.
Change over time
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Selective Breeding
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Evolution
5.
Which best describes mutations?
a)
Always helpful
b)
Always harmful
c)
Can be helpful or harmful
d)
Always neutral
6.
Where humans have bred organisms together based on traits we like.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction 
d)
Artificial Selection
7.
Genetic differences between organisms of the same species
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
8.
Inherited trait that helps an organism survive is a(n) __________.
a)
Fossil
b)
Adaptation
c)
Ancestor
d)
Natural selection
9.

Which of the following is NOT a factor in evolution?

a)

Change in the population size

b)

Mutations

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Environmental conservation

10.

What advances to modern biology have supported Darwin's Theory of Evolution?

a)

Discovery of DNA

b)

Understanding Genetics

c)

Fossil Record

d)

All of these

11.

What is survival of the fittest?

a)

The strongest and fastest organisms survive and reproduce

b)

The organisms with the most offspring survive and reproduce

c)

The organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce

d)

The organisms that are the most intelligent survive and reproduce

12.

Which of the following best describes Darwin's idea of Unity of Life?

a)

The concept that all living organisms are made up of cells

b)

The idea that all living things share a common ancestry and are therefore related to each other

c)

The belief that all organisms are created equal and have the same value

d)

The understanding that all living things are fundamentally different from each other and cannot be compared

13.

Which of the following terms represents the movement of individuals into or out of an area?

a)

gene flow

b)

mating

c)

adaptation

d)

mutation

14.

These cause variations.

a)

mutations

b)

adaptations

c)

a desire to change

d)

breeding

15.

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is.......

a)

natural selection

b)

artificial variation

c)

artificial selection

d)

survival of the fittest

16.

What is most likely to happen to moth populations in the picture shown?

a)

Light moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

b)

Dark moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

c)

Light moths--hunted easily, light moths--population increase

d)

Lights moths will change their color to match dark moths.

17.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
18.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
19.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
20.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
21.
Ostrich wings are examples of
a)
homologous structures
b)
vestigial structures
c)
adaptations
d)
traits
22.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
23.
The structures shown are_________
a)
homologous
b)
heterologous
c)
analogous
d)
vestigial
24.

What is the process of which humans breed organisms for certain traits?

a)

artificial selection

b)

survival of the fittest

c)

inheritance of acquired characteristics

d)

natural selection

25.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
26.
A few deer wander out of their native woods into a completely new park where no deer had ever been before. They go on to create an entirely new population.
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Non-random mating
d)
Mutation
27.

The female birds of paradise tend to look for the most colorful, best dancing males to make babies together.

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Non-random mating

c)

Gene flow

d)

Mutation

28.
What does the picture represent?
a)
Founder Effect
b)
Mutations
c)
Bottleneck effect
d)
Gene Flow
29.

What type of natural selection is this?

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

d)

Selective

30.

What type of natural selection is this?

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

d)

Selective

31.

What type of natural selection is this?

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

d)

Selective

32.

Starlings produce an average of five eggs. If there are more than five the parents cannot adequately feed the young. Fewer than five and predators may destroy them. As a result, five eggs becomes the most common number.

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

33.

Seed cracker birds have either large beaks or small beaks. They do not have medium sized beaks because medium sized beaks do not allow for adequate cracking of seeds.

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

34.

A scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees and discovers that the most common circumference is 2 cm. There are very few acorns with circumferences of 3 cm or circumferences of 1 cm. Only the 2 cm circumference acorns survive.

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

35.

A population of Madagascar hissing cockroaches lives in a woodpile. The cockroaches are eaten by lizards. Because the lizards have small heads, the lizards are unable to eat the very largest adult cockroaches, and instead prey upon small and medium sized adults. Over time, only the large headed lizards survive.

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

36.

Female birds that lay close to the optimum number of eggs have the most surviving offspring. Those that lay fewer or more eggs have lower relative fitness.

a)

Stabilizing

b)

Directional

c)

Disruptive

37.

What is the primary mechanism by which evolution occurs?

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Mutation

38.

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

a)

A change in allele frequencies due to random events

b)

The movement of alleles between populations

c)

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce

d)

The introduction of new genetic material into a population

39.

What is the primary cause of genetic variation in a population?

a)

Natural selection

b)

Mutations

c)

Gene flow

d)

Genetic drift

40.

Which of the following is an example of gene flow?

a)

A population of birds migrates to a new area and breeds with the local population

b)

A random mutation occurs in a single organism

c)

Natural selection favors a specific trait in a population

d)

A natural disaster reduces the population size

41.

What is the result of stabilizing selection?

a)

Increased genetic diversity

b)

Elimination of extreme phenotypes

c)

Formation of new species

d)

Increased mutation rates

42.

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

a)

A population of moths where darker individuals become more common due to industrial pollution

b)

A population of birds where the average beak size remains constant over time

c)

A population of fish where both very small and very large individuals are favored

d)

A population of plants where the average height remains the same

43.

Which of the following best describes the bottleneck effect?

a)

A large population is suddenly reduced in size due to a natural disaster

b)

A small group of individuals colonizes a new area

c)

Allele frequencies change due to random events

d)

New genetic material is introduced into a population

44.

What is the primary cause of the founder effect?

a)

Natural disasters

b)

Migration of a small group to a new area

c)

Random mutations

d)

Artificial selection

45.

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

a)

Increase in average beak size in a bird population

b)

Maintenance of average birth weight in human babies

c)

Development of two distinct forms in a population

d)

Random changes in allele frequencies

46.
Inherited trait that helps an organism survive is a(n) __________.
a)
Fossil
b)
Adaptation
c)
Ancestor
d)
Natural selection
47.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
48.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
49.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
50.
The environment around Manchester, England, changed during the Industrial Revolution.  How did this change affect peppered moths living in the area?
a)
Natural selection favored moths with dark wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
b)
Natural selection favored moths with white wings that were easy for predators to see.
c)
Natural selection favored moths with white wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
d)
Natural selection caused moths with white wings to become extinct.
51.
When an organism completely dies out, it is called.....
a)
Adaption
b)
Extinction
c)
Fossilization
d)
Mutation
52.
Which layer is oldest?
a)
A
b)
W
c)
G
d)
Z
53.

Why were the beaks on Darwin's finches so Important?

a)

They showed the finches always existed as Darwin found them.

b)

They showed that the finches could mutate their beaks whenever they want.

c)

They showed variability in the finches species. All finches were equally adaptable to all islands.

d)

They show that the finches adapted to their environments. Their beak shape matched the food available on each island.

54.

Which of the following do scientists not use as evidence for evolution?

a)

Fossils

b)

Vestigial Structures

c)

Embryology

d)

Radiation

55.

Why are vestigial structures evidence for evolution?

a)

They are useful in the organism and show natural selection at work.

b)

They are not useful in the organism but they were probably useful in some ancestor of that species.

c)

They show that these organs or behaviors help an organism adapt to new environments

56.

Why are homologous structures important to the theory of evolution?

a)

Scientists use them as evidence that many species must have had a common ancestor.

b)

Scientists use them as evidence that many species must have independently evolved and are not related to other species.

c)

Scientists use them as evidence to show that all kinds of structures in our bodies work to help us survive.

57.

How do scientists use embryology to support the theory of evolution?

a)

Embryos of many species have a lot of similar characteristics when they are first forming showing different creatures must have a common ancestor

b)

Embryos of many species have very little in common until they start developing for long periods of time

c)

Features like gills and tails prove that all animals are really just fish

58.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
59.
Which best describes mutations?
a)
Always helpful
b)
Always harmful
c)
Can be helpful or harmful
d)
Always neutral
60.
An error in DNA copying that results in a new trait
a)
Homeostasis
b)
Mutation
c)
Natural Selection
d)
Selective Breeding
61.

What effect can bottleneck events have on populations that have nearly become extinct?

a)

Bottleneck events lead to increased gene flow and genetic diversity.

b)

Bottleneck events have no impact on populations that have nearly become extinct.

c)

Bottleneck events lead to the founder effect and eventually increase genetic diversity.

d)

Bottleneck events reduce the size of the population and greatly reduce genetic variation.