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WorksheetsHuman anatomy and Physiology FINAL EXAM
Total questions: 145
Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins
Which of the following statements is FALSE
Ions Cannot cross the phospholipid bilayer without the help of transport proteins
Small charged glucose molecules are hydrophilic and interact with the partial charges of water
Glucose can easily pass through the cell membrane
water can enter cells by osmosis. It predominantly enters through aquaporins
Beta cells in the pancreas produce and secrete the protein hormone insulin. You would expect to see a relatively large amount of what organelle in these cells?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes
mitochondria, and cilia
golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum
cytoskeleton and peroxisomes
Which of the following statements regarding the membrane potential is false?
The Na+ - K+ pump has a small direct effect on the membrane potential by pumping more charged ions to the exterior than it pumps into the cell
no energy is required to maintain the membrane potential
It is mainly established by K+ diffusion through leakage channels
It is maintained by the Na+-K pump
Which of the following answers best describes the four tissue types found in the human body
Epithelial, muscular, connective, and mesenchymal tissue
Epithelial, muscular, connective, and bone tissue
Epithelial, muscular, connective, and nervous tissue.
blood, nervous, connective, and glandular tissue
Which of the following organs would be found in the left iliac region
stomach
liver
appendix
intestines
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane
covering the individual lungs
lining the thoracic cavity
covering the heart
lining the abdominal cavity
In which body cavities are the lungs located?
pericardial,ventral, and thoracic.
mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral
pleural, ventral, and thoracic
pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
Which of the following are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms
Labor contractions, blood pH
blood glucose, formation of platelet plugs
blood pH, labor contractions and formation of platelet plugs
labor contractions, formation of platelet plugs
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right called
frontal
regional
sagittal
transverse
Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels
Systematic anatomy
cardiovascular anatomy
cardiovascular physiology
systemic physiology
Our body temperature is regulated by a homeostatic control system. Our sweat glands _______
Function as effectors
Function as receptors
function as control centers
sent information along the afferent pathway to the control center
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of
glucose
triglycerides
glycogen
glucagon
which of the following is a major positive ion outside cells?
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Chloride
What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the
addition of water molecule between each two units
removal of a carbon atom between each two units
removal of a water molecule between each two units
addition of a carbon atom between each two units
Which of the following statements regarding chemical reactions is FALSE?
chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures
larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully
catalysts increase the rate of chemical reaction, sometimes while undergoing reversible changes in shape
chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles present are in higher numbers
Four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are
Sodium, Potassium, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Calcium, Sodium
Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Calcium
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen
A patient is hyperventilating. The "Blowing off" of excessive carbon dioxide causes a decrease in blood H+ concentration. How can the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system function to correct this imbalance? H2CO3 <--> H+ + HCO3-
H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and raise pH
HCO3- binds with H+ to form H2CO3 and lower pH
HCO3- binds with H+ to form H2CO3 and raise pH
H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower the pH
Phospholipids make up most of the lipid part of the cell membrane. Since water exists on both the outside and the inside of a cell, which of the following phospholipid arrangements makes the most sense?
A single layer of phospholipids with the polar heads facing inside the cell
A single layer of phospholipids with the polar heads facing outside the cell
Two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides
wo back-to-back phospholipid layers with the non-polar tails facing out on both sides
A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution would
Shrink
Neither shrink nor swell
swell and burst
swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached
Which of the following statements regarding facilitated diffusion is correct
It requires carrier or channel proteins
It cannot transport glucose
it always requires ATP
It only transports water molecules
Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein
circulating antibody
forms a lipid bilayer
oxygen transport
molecular transport through the membrane
Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane?
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
messenger RNA
phospholipids
Peroxisomes ________
are implicated in active transport
are implicated in endocytosis
contain digestive enzymes
neutralize free radicals
Which of the following is a function of lysosomes
Hormone synthesis
manufacture lipids
help in the formation of cell membranes
degrading and recycling worn-out or nonfunctional organelles
Which of the following statements regarding active transport is FALSE
Primary active transport moves oxygen into cells
secondary active transport is driven by the energy stored in concentration gradients
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of primary active transport
Primary active transport requires ATP
The myocardium must rhythmically contract for a lifetime. This requires a considerable amount of energy production by the cells. You would expect to see a relatively high amount of which organelle in these cells?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
cytoskeleton
lysosomes
A covalent bond is based on
strong electrostatic forces
weak electrostatic forces
sharing of electrons
interaction between positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons
Hydrogen bonds are NOT present in
DNA
Water
lipids
proteins
Which of the following regarding radioisotopes are FALSE
They emit radiation that can be utilized to target localized tumors
They emit heat that can be utilized in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
They can be utilized in cancer diagnosis
They emit radiation that is harmful to normal cells
Which of the following are negative feedback mechanisms
A;Regulation of body temperature
B;regulation of blood pressure
C;Regulation of Blood glucose
A and C
A,B and C
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Cell adhesion molecules are a type of membrane protein implicated in cell-to-cell interactions
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in our body
Proteins that facilitate transport across the membrane always hydrolyze ATP as an energy source.
Some membrane proteins interact with cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix to maintain cell shape
Which of the following statements regarding cell junctions is FALSE?
Gap junctions are important in heart cells
Gap junctions form gaps between cells that prevent exchange of small molecules between cells
Desmosomes glue adjacent cells together
Tight junctions form continuous seals around cells and prevent molecules from passing between cells
Which of the following statements regarding the functions of the cytoskeleton is FALSE?
Microfilaments are made of actin subunits and are important in cytokinesis
Flagella are wisplike cellular extensions that remove excess mucus from the lungs
microtubules are an important aspect of cilia
Microtubules form tracts along which intracellular vesicles are transported
Which of the following statements regarding the Endocytosis/Exocytosis is FALSE?
Pinocytosis takes place when epithelial cells lining the intestines absorb nutrients
Phagocytosis takes place when macrophages internalize and destroy pathogens
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a non-specific process
SNARE proteins mediate the process of exocytosis
Which of the following statements regarding secondary active transport is FALSE?
It is driven by Na+ gradients
Cells of the small intestine utilize secondary active transport to take up glucose
The Na+-K potassium pump is an example of secondary active transport
Cotransport-Proteins that transport molecules in opposite directions are called antiporters
The first step in tissue repair involves
proliferation of fibrous connective tissue
formation of scar tissue
replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
release of inflammatory chemicals by injured tissue cells
Cranial bones develop
from cartilage models
within fibrous membranes
from a tendon
within osseous membranes
William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information, you would predict that the cut has penetrated to _______
the stratum basale, but not the dermal layers
the papillary layer but not the reticular layer
the stratum corneum but not the stratum granulosum
the subcutaneous layer, but no deeper
Osteoporosis occurs when
bone resorption outpaces bone deposit
osteoclasts are inhibited by estrogen
androgens activate osteoprogenitor cells
osteocytes release chemicals that promote the formation of additional bone
What are the three main components of connective tissue?
alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells
fibroblasts, collagen, and proteoglycans
fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts
ground substance, fibers, and cells
Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us from water loss through the skin?
fat associated with skin
the size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments
the dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot go through it
glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.
what is the role of mesenchymal cells intramembranous ossification
they specialize into osteoclasts
they secrete calcium phosphate
they specialize into osteoblasts
they specialize into blood cells
Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone
blood vessels
lacunae
organic fibers
living cells
Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood
stratum corneum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
bones are covered and lined in a special tissue called periosteum, the inner layer consists primarily of
chondrocytes and osteocytes
osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts
cartilage and compact bone
dense irregular connective tissue
which of the following statements is FALSE
in holocrine glands, the entire secretory cell ruptures
merocrine glands secrete their products by exocytosis
the pancreas is an example of a merocrine gland
sebaceous glands are merocrine glands
which of the following epidermis layers is responsible for cell division and replacement
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum basale
in the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows _______
in a circular fashion
from the edges inward
by pulling the diaphysis toward the epiphysis
by pushing the diaphysis away from the epiphysis
which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage
unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into osteoblasts, which divide and form cartilage
growth occurs in the lining of long bones
fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage
chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix , allowing the cartilage to grow from within
how is hyaline cartilage different from elastic cartilage or fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage forms costal cartilages of the ribs
it is more vascularlized
supports the external ear
it contains more nuclei
cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial, what is appositional growth
when cells in the surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
the lengthening of hyaline cartilage
growth along the edges only of existing osteons, making each osteon longer
growth at the epiphyseal plate
the cell responsible for secreting the matrix of the bone is
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast
osteoprogenitor
inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue
stratified squamous
simple columnar
simple squamous
transitional
which of the following form the biological barrier of the skin
fibroblasts and dendritic cells
dendritic cells and macrophages
white blood cells and hematopoietic stem cells
white blood cells and fibroblasts
which of the following cells and their function/location are correctly matched
dendritic cells- activate the immune system
keratinocytes- provide sense of touch and pressure
tactile cells- protect cells of epidermis
mitotic stem cells of the stratum basale- secrete glycolipids
In addition to protection, the skin serves other functions, which of the following is another vital function of the skin
it absorbs vitamin c so that the skin will not be subjected to diseases
the cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy
it aids in the transport of materials throughout the body
it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin d, an important precursor to calcium metabolism
Bones grow in thickness by appositional growth and long bones grow in length by interstitial growth of the epiphysis
True
False
Which layer of tissue is damaged in a first degree burn
dermis
hypodermis
both the epidermis and dermis
epidermis
which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood
lacuna
osteon
epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissues
supported by connective tissues
supported by blood vessels
polarity
innervated
a ciliated version of pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells _____
lines most of the respiratory tract
aids in digestion
is more durable than all other epithelia
is found in some of the larger glands
cells of the stratum spinosum have many interlocking desmosomes that will remain between the cells as they migrate to the stratum corneum. The cells junctions serve the body by ______
preventing ultraviolet light from penetrating the deeper layer of the epidermis
preventing mechanical stress or trauma from damaging the epidermis
stopping water loss and preventing dehydration
allowing secretions like sweat or sebum to pass through
bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. which of the following cells accomplishes this process
stem cell
osteoprogenitor cells
osteocyte
osteoclast
choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone
central canals
perforating canals
canaliculi
nutrient foramens
Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following would indicate a liver disease such as hepatitis resulting in elevated bilirubin
black and blue marks become evident for no apparent cause
the skin and sclera of the eye appears to have a yellow tint
the skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance
it is impossible to suggest a disease from looking at a persons skin
ossification is the process of _____
making a cartilage model of the fetal bone
bone destruction to liberate calcium
bone formation
calcification of cartilage
a needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the skin in which order
basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
granulosum, basale , corneum, spinosum
which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue
transporting substances within the body
insulating
protecting
generation of heat
support
which of the following statements regarding cells found in connective tissue is FALSE
macrophages internalize (eat) bacteria
adipocytes store energy
mast cells secreted chemicals that mediate inflammation
white blood cells secrete extracellular matrix
what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo
hyaline cartilage
dense regular connective tissue
fibrocartilage
elastic connective tissue
which of the following does NOT take place during healing a bone fracture
bone remodeling
production of collagen fibers by fibroblasts
formation of the periosteal bud
calcification of cartilaginous matrix
which of the following statements regarding hair/follicle is FALSE
the wall of a hair follicle has the following components, peripheral connective tissue sheath, glassy membrane and epithelial root sheath
associated with the hair follicle is the arrector pili muscle which is made up of smooth muscle cells
hair grows because cells inside the bulb divide rapidly
hair consists of alive, keratinized cells
which of the following is true about epithelia
simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion
pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized
stratified epithelia are associated with filtration
endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs
The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ____
adipose tissue and nerve fibers
cartilage and interstitial lamellae
yellow marrow and spicules
blood vessels and nerve fibers
which of the following surrounds a fascicle?
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
exomysium
during muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
none of the above
myosin filaments
thick filaments
troponin
z discs
the sliding filament model of contraction involves _____
the z discs sliding over the myofilaments
the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past
actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
actin and myosin lengthening in order to slide past each other
which of the following is the correct order for the phases of a muscle twitch
contraction, relaxation, latent
latent, contraction, relaxation
latent, relaxation, contraction
relaxation, contraction, latent
When a sacromere contracts and thin filaments move over thick filaments you would expect to see _____
the I bands to appear wider
the H zone to appear wider
the A band to appear darker
the I bands to appear smaller
An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPSs per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is _____
the citric acid cycle
the electron transport chain
glycolysis
hydrolysis
a major difference between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers in terms of calcium influx is that
only smooth muscle fibers have a sarcoplasmic reticulum
smooth muscle contraction does not involve calcium
calcium ion influx occurs mostly from the extracellular fluid in smooth muscle
calcium ions are stored in the sarcoplasm of smooth muscle
Calcium binds to this substance in smooth muscle contractions
calmodulin
myosin kinase
troponin
Calcitonin
Which of the following statements is FALSE
motor units with the biggest fibers are recruited/activated first
all statements are false
the strength of contraction depends on the number of motor neurons activated
the higher the frequency of stimulation of a skeletal muscle, the greater the strength of contraction
Nerve impulses leading to the skeletal muscle carry information for direct movement. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system
sensory (afferent) division
sympathetic division
parasympathetic division
somatic nervous system
Some nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system have the ability to regenerate after damage has occurred. Which of the following cells is most responsible for aiding in this process
astrocytes
schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
satellite cells
Which cells of the central nervous system can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris
satelite cells
oligodendrocytes
microglia
schwann cells
Which cells are involved in fiber myelinization in the peripheral nervous system
oligodendrocytes
satellite cells
schwann cells
ependymal cells
Which of the following statements is FALSE
astrocytes are ciliated and line the central cavities of the brain
astrocytes influence the composition of the neuronal environment
astrocytes play a role in exchanges between capillaries and neurons
astrocytes are located in the central nervous system (CNS)
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
unipolar neurons have no axon
bipolar neurons have two processes
multipolar neurons are the most abundant type of neuron type in the body
multipolar neurons have three or more processes
which of the following is a excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle
cholinesterase
norepinephrine
dopamine
none of the above
a change in membrane potential from -70mV to 10mV is termed_______
depolarization
hyperpolarization
hypopolarization
repolarization
during membrane repolarization, there is a decrease in the membrane permeability to which ion
both potassium and sodium
sodium
potassium
calcium
which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials
leakage channel
leakage channel and mechanically gated channel
ligand gated channel
voltage gated channel
a neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ______
efferent neuron
afferent neuron
interneuron
glial cell
immediately after an action potential has peaked, which of the following channels will open
voltage gated sodium
voltage gated calcium channels
chemically gated potassium channels
chemically gated calcium channels
voltage gated gated potassium channels
the interior surface of a neuron's plasma membrane at resting potential will have a ______
negative charge and contains less sodium than outside of the cell
positive charge and contains more sodium than outside the cell
negative charge and contains more sodium than outside the cell
positive charge and contains less sodium than outside the cell
what is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles
tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules
tropomyosin is the chemical that activates the myosin heads
tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter
tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules
which structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage
myofibrillar network
sarcoplasmic reticulum
intermediate filament network
mitochondria
rough endoplasmic reticulum
creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by _____-
forming a chemical compound with actin
forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments
storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP
which of the following is NOT a muscle function
absorbs nutrients from food
stabilizes joints
produces movement
generates heat
which of the following sentences is FALSE
the amplitude of the action potential depends on the axon diameter
the graded potential occur in the dendrites of a neuron
the graded potential are attributed to chemically gated channels
the graded potentials only travel short distances
which energy source is used FIRST for short duration, high intensity exercise
aerobic respiration
glycolysis and aerobic respiration
creatine phosphate
glycolysis
which is the correct sequence of events during the generation of an action potential?
depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization
hyperpolarization, repolarization, depolarization
repolarization, hyperpolarization, depolarization
which of the following statements regarding the depolarization phase of an action potential is CORRECT
it is caused by NA+ flowing into the cell
it is caused by K+ flowing into the cell
it is caused by K+ flowing out of the cell
it is caused by Na+ flowing out of the cell
what is the definition of nucleus in the nervous system
a bundle of axons in the central nervous system
a collection of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system
a collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
opening of which of the following channels will cause a hyperpolarization in a dendrite
chemically gated channels that allow passage of both sodium and potassium
chemically gated channels that allow passage of chloride
voltage gated channels that allow the passage of sodium ions
voltage gated channels that allow the passage of potassium ions
an action potential cannot be generated during the relative refractory period
true
false
which of the following statements is FALSE
some neurotransmitters directly bind to and open ion channels
some neurotransmitters bind to G-protein-coupled-receptors that elicit intracellular signaling that opens ion channels
neurotransmitters play an important role in electrical synapses
Acetylcholine is excitatory in neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscles and inhibitory in the cardiac muscle
which channels are open during the hyperpolarization phase of an action potential
voltage gated potassium channels
voltage gated sodium channels
chemically gated sodium channels
chemically gated potassium channels
action potentials cannot be generated in dendrites because
dendrites lack voltage gated sodium channels
dendrites are characterized by a low number of voltage gated channels
dendrites lack ion channels
the cell membrane potential of dendrites can only hyperpolarize
which of the following events at a dendrite is most likely to cause can action potential at the initial segment
opening of channels that allow simultaneous sodium and potassium ion fluxes
opening of chemically gated potassium ion channels
opening of chemically gated chloride ion channels
opening of both voltage gated potassium and sodium ion channels
which is the biosynthetic center of a neuron
the dendrites
the cell body
the axon
axon and dendrites
which of the following statements regarding glycosomes is FALSE
are found in muscle fibers
are located in the cytoplasm and store glycogen
bind and store oxygen which is needed for ATP synthesis
provide glucose needed for ATP generation
Action potential propagation by continuous conduction occurs in myelinated axons
true
false
filaments do not slide during isometric muscle contractions
true
false
Consumption of puffer fish can cause paralysis of muscles, including those of the respiratory tract, this effects are attributed to the toxin tetrodotoxin (TTX). Which of the following statements describes its mechanism of action
TTX opens voltage gated channels in the sarcolemma of skeletal muscles
TTX blocks voltage gated sodium channels
TTX opens voltage gated calcium channels at the axon terminal
TTX opens voltage gated sodium channels
Which of the following statements is FALSE
ventral roots are located medial to spinal nerves
dorsal rami contain sensory and motor fibers
the dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of motor neurons
ventral rami are located distal to spinal nerves
which of the following statements is CORRECT
Ventral rami branch and join one another
the sciatic is a major nerve of the lumbar plexus
the phrenic nerve supplies the lungs
ventral rami do not form nerve plexuses
which nerve supplies the superior oblique eye muscle
optic nerve
a spinal nerve
trochlear nerve
oculomotor
which receptors can detect stretching of muscles
tactile corpuscles
proprioreceptors
interreceptor
exteroceptors
stretch receptors that respond to increased arterial pressure are an example of ____
interreceptor
chemoreceptors
nocireceptors
exteroceptors
astrocytes support axon regrowth in the central nervous system
true
false
which nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?
Abducens nerve
Trigeminal nerve
optic nerve
oculomotor nerve
both the somatic and sensory divisions lack ganglia
true
false
A patient who receives a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face. He is unable to close his eye and the corner of his mouth drops, which cranial nerve has been damaged
facial
accessory
glossopharyngeal
hypoglossal
problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve
abducens
vestibulocochlear
trigeminal
accessory
vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure is located in the
thalamus
pons
medulla oblongata
midbrain
which of the following statements does not describe the cerebral cortex
the hemispheres are exactly equal in function
no functional area of the cortex works alone
the cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas
each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the opposite side of the body
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the _____-
somatosensory association cortex
primary visual cortex
visual association area
frontal eye field
broca's area _____
controls voluntary movements of the eyes
serves the recognition of complex objects
is considered a motor speech area
is usually found only in the right hemisphere
which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF
reduction of brain weight
innervation of nerve impulses
nourishment of the brain
protection from blows
injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ______
sleep disturbances
loss of fine motor control
loss of body temperature control
dehydration
which of the following statements is FALSE
commissural fibers run vertically and enter the cortex from the spinal cord
association fibers are located in the cerebral white matter
association fibers connect different parts of the same hemisphere
projection fibers are located in the cerebral white matter
the three basic regions of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortical gray matter, internal white matter, and the superior and inferior colliculi
true
false
cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space
true
false
commissural fibers connect the cerebrum to the diencephalon
true
false
which of the following regarding axon damage is FALSE
schwann cells secrete protein chemicals that recruit macrophages
following axon injury, the distal end of the cut axon will degenerate
Schwann cells secrete chemicals that activate macrophages to form the regeneration tube
macrophages induce cell division in schwann cells
predict the outcome of damage to one cord of the left brachial plexus
only a portion of the left limb will suffer reduced function
the entire left limb will be paralyzed
the entire right limb will be paralyzed
only a portion of the right limb will suffer reduced function
in which body location can you not find proprioceptors
skeletal muscles
joints
tendons
skin
which of the following describes the function of the reticular formation
A; maintains cerebral cortical alertness
B: filters out repetitive stimuli
C; contains visual relex centers
A and B
which of the following brain regions regulates water balance and thirst
hypothalamus
epithalamus
cerebrum
thalamus
Nociceptors _____
respond to potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain
respond to light
respond to mechanical force
respond to chemicals in solution
the olfactory and optic nerves are mixed nerves
true
false
damaged _________ nerves result in diaphragm paralysis and respiratory arrest
sciatic nervves
femoral nerves
median nerves
phrenic nerves
