WorksheetsUrinary System
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins
what is the MAIN FUNCTION of the urinary system?
(a)
what waste products does the kidneys dispose of
nitrogenous bases
toxins
drugs
excess ions, water
kidneys' regulatory functions include:
production of renin to maintain blood pressure
stimulation of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
production of erythropoietin
conversion of vitamin D to its active form
mineralcorticoid producing layer of the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland influence the secretion of _____?
creatinine
angiotensin II
aldosterone
renin
kidneys are situated against the _____ body wall in a _____ position
anterior ; retroperitoneal
posterior ; parietal
dorsal ; retroperitoneal
ventral ; parietal
the kidneys are situated at the level of the thoracic to (a) vertebrae
BONUS: 5 POINTS (separate answer in comma)
an adult kidney is about _____ cm long and _____ cm wide
(a)
a _____ _____ is a C-shaped, medial indentation where several structures enter or exit the kidney
(entry point of blood vessels and exit point of ureter)
(a)
an _____ _____ sits atop each kidney
(triangular in shape)
(always comes in pair)
(a)
an innermost covering that encloses each kidney
(a)
surrounds the kidney and cushions against blows
(a)
the most superficial layer that anchors the kidney and adrenal gland to surrounding structures
(a)
the covering of the outside portion
renal columns
renal pelvis
renal cortex
renal medulla
triangular regions of tissue in the medulla
renal pelvis
renal medulla
renal columns
renal pyramids
extensions of cortex like material, separates one pyramid to another pyramid
renal medulla
renal columns
renal pelvis
renal cortex
medial region that is a flat, funnel-shaped tube
renal cortex
renal column
renal pelvis
renal pyramid
they collect the urine and send it to the renal pelvis, onto the ureter, and to the urinary bladder for storage
(a)
it protects the kidney
(a)
________ of the total blood supply of the body passes through the kidneys each minute
one-half
one-litter
one-quarter
one-gallon
provides each kidney with arterial blood supply
renal vein
renal artery
it returns blood into the inferior vena cava
renal vein
renal artery
trace the correct blood supply
renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - cortical radiate artery
segmental artery - cortical radiate artery - renal artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery
interlobar artery - segmental artery - arcuate artery - cortical radiate artery - renal artery
trace correct blood flow
renal vein - interlobar vein - arcuate vein - cortical radiate vein
cortical radiate vein - arcuate vein - interlobar vein - renal vein
interlobar vein - arcuate vein - cortical radiate vein - renal vein
cortical radiate vein - renal vein - interlobar vein - arcuate vein
structural and functional units of the kidneys
(a)
two main structures of each nephron
(a)
podocytes make up the inner visceral layer of the glomerular capsule
true
false
a knot of capillaries made of podocytes
podocytes
glomerulus
foot processes
filtration slits
clings into the glomerulus
podocytes
glomerulus
foot processes
filtration slits
they create a porous membrane which is ideal for filtration
podocytes
filtration slits
glomerulus
foot processes
cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus, also the first part of the renal tubule
(a)
extends from the glomerular capsule and ends when it empties into the collecting duct
bowman's capsule
renal tubule
renal corpuscle
peritubular capillaries
subdivisions of the renal tubule
1. _____
2._____
3._____
(a)
located entirely in the cortex and includes most nephrons
nephron loop
cortical nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons
collecting ducts
found at the cortex-medulla junction
nephron loop
cortical nephron
juxtamedullary nephron
collecting ducts
collects urine from both types of nephrons
nephron loop
cortical nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons
collecting ducts
arises from a cortical radiate artery and feeds the glomerulus
peritubular capillary bed
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
glomerulus
receives blood that has passed through the glomerulus
peritubular capillary bed
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
glomerulus
it forces fluid and solutes out of blood and into the glomerular capsule
(a)
lalabas dito yung mga excess water, ions, toxins ; specialized for filtration
(a)
a peritubular capillary beds is a low-pressure, porous capillaries that arises from the efferent arteriole of the glomerulus and is adapted for absorption instead of filtration
true
false
urine formation is the results of 3 processes:
1. glomerular filtration
2. _____
3. _____
(a)
before it passes from the cortical radiate artery a urine is called a (a)
a nonselective passive process
(a)
needs high pressure because low pressure will not filter
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
peritubular capillaries reabsorb useful substances from the renal tubule cells ; some reabsorption is passive while most is active
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
most reabsorption occurs in the
(a)
what are the reasons of reabsorption
to fill in shortage
you want to conserve
to maintain pH balance
to maintain high solute concentration
reabsorption in reverse ; some materials move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules to be eliminated in filtrate
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
why is tubular secretion important?
end product of protein breakdown
(a)
it results from nucleic acid metabolism
(a)
associated with creatine metabolism in muscles
(a)
contains everything that blood plasma does
(a)
is what remains after the filtrate has lost most of its water, nutrients, and necessary ions
(a)
pH of urine
(a)
bicarbonate ions and ammonia are not normally found in urine
turue
false
glucose is normally found in the urine
uu teh
hala hindi ah
di ko alam
malay ko ba
a slender tube that attaches to the kidney up to the urinary bladder
(a)
aids gravity in urine transport
(a)
smooth collapsible muscular sac situated posterior to the pubic symphsis
ureter
urinary bladder
trigone
prostate
urethra
triangular region of the urinary bladder based on 3 openings
(a)
two openings from the ureters
urogenital diaphragm
internal urethral orifice
ureteral orifice
one opening to the urethra
urogenital diaphragm
internal urethral orifice
ureteral orifice
3 layers of smooth muscle are collectively called the
(a)
urinary bladder is capable of holding thrice that amount of urine
oums tih
yuck anong thrice
aywan ko b,,,
pass
thin-walled tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis
urethra
internal urethral sphincter
external urethral sphincter
urinary bladder
involuntary and is made up of smooth muscle
(a)
voluntary and is made of skeletal muscle
(a)
three types of urethra in males
(a)
voiding or emptying of the urinary bladder
micturition
stretch receptors
pelvic splanchic
transmit impulses to the sacral region of the spinal cord
micturition
stretch receptors
pelvic splanchic nerves
impulses travel back to the bladder via the ? to cause bladder contractions
micturition
stretch receptors
pelvic splanchnic nerves
kidneys have roles in maintaining blood composition what are these?
excreting nitrogen-containing wastes
maintaining water balance of the blood
maintaining electrolyte balance of the blood
ensuring proper blood pH
fluid inside the cells, accounts for two-thirds of body fluid
ICF
ECF
plasma
blood
fluid outside cells, includes lymph, transcellular fluid
ICF
ECF
plasma
blood
accounts for 3L of total body water
ICF
ECF
plasma
blood
driving force for water intake
(a)
sensitive cells in the hypothalamus that become more active in reaction to small changes in plasma solute concentration
(a)
our hormones are primarily responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes by the kidneys
chrue k dyarn tih
hindi ah osmoreceptors kaya
hindi ko na alam, bahala na
pass, di pa ko nagrereview
modified t or f:
antidiuretic hormone prevents excessive water loss and it targets the kidney's collecting ducts
TT
FF
TF
FT
which of these are electrolytes
sodium
potassium
chloride
calcium
charged particles that conduct electrical current in an aqueous solution
(a)
helps regulate blood composition and blood volume by acting on the kidney
(a)
water moves from area of lower to higher solute concentration
chrue k dyarn
hindi ko sure eh
hindi ba baliktad?
oo nalang, pero di ko tlg alam
most important trigger for aldosterone release
(a)
catalyzes reactions that produce angiotensin II
(a)
causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
(a)
pH above 7.45, kuha ng CO2
alkalosis
acidosis
physiological acidosis
pH below 7.35, kuha ng O2
alkalosis
acidosis
physiological acidosis
pH between 7.0 to 7.35
alkalosis
acidosis
physiological acidosis
these are involved in the facilitation of CO2 in the blod
(a)
three major chemical buffer system
(a)
cluster of cysts forms in the kidney
hypospadias
polycystic kidney
opening of the urethra is at the underside of the penis instead of at the tip
hypospadias
polycystic kidney
this bacteria accounts for 80% of UTIs
streptococcus
e.coli
inability to completely empty the bladder
urinary retention
frequency
continence
nocturia
urgency
feeling that is necessary to void
urgency
frequency
nocturia
continence
urinary retention
loss of control
urgency
frequency
nocturia
continence
urinary retention
frequent voiding of small amounts of urine
urgency
frequency
nocturia
continence
urinary retention
need to get up during the night to urinate
urgency
frequency
nocturia
continence
urinary retention
