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Astronomy Spring Semester Final Review

Total questions: 200

Worksheet time: 2hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the distance between the Sun and Earth?

a)

10 million km

b)

1 AU

c)

400,000 km

d)

50 million miles

2.

How far is the Moon from Earth?

a)

1 AU

b)

1 million km

c)

10 million miles

d)

400,000 km

3.

What season is it in the Northern Hemisphere at position A?

a)

Summer

b)

Fall

c)

Winter

d)

Spring

4.

What season is it in the Southern Hemisphere at point D?

a)

Summer

b)

Fall

c)

Winter

d)

Spring

5.

What eclipse is pictured?

a)

Solar Eclipse

b)

Lunar Eclipse

6.

If measuring the distance between galaxies, the best unit to use is ​​ (a)   .

Choose from the below words
light years
meters
kilometers
astronomical units
7.

If measuring the distance between stars, the best unit to use is ​​ (a)   .

Choose from the below words
light years
meters
kilometers
astronomical units
8.

If measuring the distance between Neptune and the Sun, the best unit to use is ​​ (a)   .

Choose from the below words
astronomical units
light years
meters
kilometers
9.

If measuring the distance between Mercury and Earth, the best unit to use is ​​ (a)   .

Choose from the below words
astronomical units
light years
meters
kilometers
10.

Why do astronomers use light years as a measurement?

a)

because miles & kilometers are sufficient

b)

it's an easier way to describe huge distances

c)

it's an easier way to describe large objects such as stars

d)

because distances in space are extremely vast

11.

Which statement best describes constellations?

a)

indecipherable so-called "patterns" that kinda make sense

b)

stars that are fairly close to each other

c)

patterns of stars that resemble animals and/or other objects

d)

pattern of stars in the night sky that reflects a culture

12.

Polaris is also known as the "north star" and will remain so for the next 13,000 years.

a)

True

b)

False

13.

Right ascension is a projection of ______ into space; declination is a projection of ______.

a)

the north pole, the south pole

b)

coordinates, azimuth

c)

latitude, longitude

d)

longitude, latitude

14.

The solar day is measured from sunrise to sunrise - while the sidereal day is measured from

a)

star rise to star rise.

b)

day to night & then back again.

c)

sunrise to sunset.

d)

star rise to sunset.

15.

Solstices occur when the Sun reaches the highest & lowest position in the sky. This occurs

a)

about once a year.

b)

around March 21st & Sept. 21st.

c)

very rarely.

d)

around June 21st & Dec. 21st.

16.

Equinoxes occur (around March 21st & Sept. 21st) when the Sun appears to be directly

a)

over the Tropic of Capricorn.

b)

over the Tropic of Cancer.

c)

over the Equator.

d)

between the Earth & Moon.

17.

Earth's seasons are caused by

a)

the precession of Earth's axis.

b)

its distance from the Sun.

c)

wobbles in its orbit and axis of rotation.

d)

its tilt; revolution around the Sun, and spherical shape.

18.

Movement of Earth around the sun.

a)

Rotation

b)

Revolution

19.

Spinning of Earth on its axis.

a)

Rotation

b)

Revolution

20.
Which moon phase is shown in this diagram?
a)
new moon
b)
first quarter
c)
full moon
d)
last quarter/3rd quarter
21.
The motion of Earth around the Sun most affects the
a)
timing of tides.
b)
length of a month.
c)
cycle of the seasons.
d)
phases of the Moon.
22.

What is the name of the galaxy we live in?

a)

Andromeda

b)

Milky Way

c)

Whirlpool

23.

Occurs when Earth is positioned between the moon and the sun and when Earth's shadow crosses the lighted half of the moon.

a)

Solar Eclipse

b)

Eclipse

c)

Lunar Eclipse

d)

Perigee

24.
Waxing means...
a)
Growing
b)
Dying
c)
Losing light
d)
Moving
25.

What is the "lunar month" that spans from Full Moon phase to the next Full Moon phase called?

a)

A Synodic Month

b)

A Diurnal Month

c)

A Sidereal Month

d)

An Equinox

26.

This 'lunar month' is described from the Earth's surface from a lunar phase until the time to reach the SAME lunar phase and it takes about 29.5 days.

a)

Sidereal

b)

Synodic

c)

Syzygy

d)

Conjunction

27.

This 'lunar month' is described from the STARS as the time that an outsider (not on Earth) would view the Moon making one full orbit/revolution around the Earth.

a)

Sidereal

b)

Synodic

c)

Syzygy

d)

Conjunction

28.

Why is the synodic month longer than the sidereal month?

a)

After 27.3 days, the Moon must still move further to reach the lunar phase and it takes 2.2 days

b)

After 29.5 days, the Moon must still move further to reach its next phase

c)

After 27.3 days the Moon stops its orbit and reverses for 2.2 days

29.

The time from one Vernal Equinox to the next is called:

a)

Tropical Day

b)

Sidereal Year

c)

Tropical Year

d)

Sidereal Day

30.

The orbital period of one object (moon) around another object (Earth) measured with respect to the stars.

a)

sidereal

b)

magnitude

c)

precession

d)

synodic

31.
The solar day is _______ than the sidereal day.
a)
 longer 
b)
shorter
32.

Which of the following is true?

a)

A sidereal day is about 4 minutes shorter than a solar day on the Earth

b)

A sidereal day is about 4 minutes longer than a solar day on the Earth

c)

A sidereal day is the same length as a solar day on Earth

d)

A sidereal day is longer than a solar day on Earth

33.

a slow conical motion of Earth's axis of rotation caused by the gravity of the moon and sun

a)

sideral

b)

precession

c)

synodic

d)

magnitude

34.
People in the Northern Hemisphere do see the same constellations as the people in the Southern Hemisphere.
a)
True
b)
False
35.
If you live in the Northern Hemisphere, at what time of year can you see Polaris the North Star? Choose the best answer.
a)
The Winter
b)
The Spring and Fall
c)
The Summer
d)
All year round
36.
What constellation is this?
a)
Pegasus
b)
Andromeda
c)
Hercules
d)
Cassiopeia
37.
What constellation is this?
a)
Orion
b)
Taurus
c)
Canis Major
d)
Gemini
38.
What constellation is this?
a)
Draco
b)
Ursa Minor
c)
Corona Borealis
d)
Cepheus
39.
a)

perseus

b)

ursa major

c)

canis major

d)

big dipper

40.

__________ is a constellation in the far northern sky. Its name is Latin for dragon.

a)

Draco

b)

Pegasus

c)

Ursa Major

d)

Orion

41.

What do you call constellations that can be seen year round?

a)

Seasonal Constellations

b)

Circumpolar Constellations

c)

Minor Constellations

d)

Draco's Constellations

42.
When looking in the night sky in the northern hemisphere, you notice that one star is hardly moving at all, we call these polestars. What is the name of our polestar?
a)
Polaris
b)
Ursa major
c)
Alpha Centauri
d)
The Sun
43.

The observation that everything moved across the night sky from east to west caused early astronomers like Aristotle to believe...

a)

The sun was the center of the solar system.

b)

The earth was the center of the solar system.

c)

The earth was flat.

44.

Ancient Greeks believed, the earth to be the centre of the universe. What do we call this model?

a)

Copernican Model

b)

Geocentric Universe

c)

Heliocentric Universe

45.

The Copernican revolution began when Copernicus suggested

a)

a geocentric model.

b)

a heliocentric model.

c)

a new calendar.

d)

a new constellation.

46.

Tycho Brahe's biggest contribution to astronomy was...?

a)

accurate observations of the stars and planets.

b)

his new invention, the telescope.

c)

his theory of a heliocentric universe.

d)

his brass nose and bad temper.

47.

Astronomer Johannes Kepler...

a)

was made head astronomer for the Church.

b)

invented the first Radio Telescope

c)

showed that the planets have elliptical orbits.

48.

Which African astronomer/librarian measured the circumference of the earth using sticks and shadows?

a)

Aristotle

b)

Ptolemy

c)

Copernicus

d)

Eratosthenes

49.

Which astronomer of antiquity made elaborate models of an earth-centered universe, an idea which was to stick for over 1000 years?

a)

Copernicus

b)

Eratosthenes

c)

Ptolemy

d)

Tycho Brahe

50.

Which astronomer of the Middle Ages first applied a telescope to astronomical observation?

a)

Ptolemy

b)

Galileo Galilei

c)

Tycho Brahe

d)

Copernicus

51.

Galileo's discoveries

a)

helped him invent the telescope.

b)

provided evidence that the earth and the planets revolve around the sun.

c)

convinced him the Earth was at the center.

d)

helped him learn about the planets Neptune and Uranus.

52.

A heliocentric view believes everything revolves around the:

a)

sun

b)

earth

c)

universe

d)

moon

53.

Isaac Newton developed a __________ telescope that showed objects in sharper detail.

a)

reflecting

b)

satellite

c)

radio

d)

lense

54.
Who created the Universal Law of Gravitation?
a)
Copernicus
b)
Newton
c)
Kepler
d)
Galileo
55.
Ancient astronomers used 'epicycles' to explain...?
a)
Retrograde Motion
b)
Constellation Movement
c)
Moon's Phases
d)
Planetary Transits
56.

Who came up with three laws explaining planetary motion?

a)

Isaac Newton

b)

Galileo Galilei

c)

Tycho Brahe

d)

Johannes Kepler

57.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
58.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
59.

Why was the discovery of Jupiter’s moons so important?

a)

It proved the theory of gravity

b)

It supported the heliocentric model

c)

It proved Kepler's Laws

d)

It proved there could be multiple moons

60.
Who first suggested that earth rotated on its axis?
a)
Tycho Brahe
b)
Aristarchus
c)
Aristotle
d)
Copernicus
61.

Who discovered Jupiter's four moons?

a)

Copernicus

b)

Galileo

c)

Brahe

d)

Aristotle

62.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that ancient civilizations studied astronomy?

a)

time-keeping

b)

navigation

c)

science

d)

culture & religion

e)

contact aliens

63.
His model of the Earth-centered universe was the cornerstone of astronomy for 1,500 years
a)

Ptolemy

b)

Copernicus

c)

Newton

d)

Galileo

64.
What does Reflecting Telescope have?
a)
Lens
b)
Mirrors
c)
Bat ears
65.
What does Refracting Telescope have?
a)
Sand
b)
Mirrors
c)
Lens
d)
Batmobile 
66.
Why are many large optical telescopes located on mountains?
a)
to be closer to the stars
b)
to be above part of the atmosphere
c)
because it is easier to build telescopes on mountains
d)
to be closer to city lights
67.
Why is the Hubble telescope located in space?
a)
So it can be closer to the stars it magnifies
b)
They have very large optical lenses
c)
So its images arent distorted by Earth's atmosphere 
d)
So it can be operated by astronauts 
68.
Why must Ultra-Violet observing be done in space?
a)
The ozone blocks most of the UV rays in the surface.
b)
It’s hard to know exactly where the ozone hole will be to find UV images
c)
It’s hard to use UV telescopes and radio telescopes together on the surface.
d)
It’s hard to use UV X-Ray telescopes and radio telescopes together on the surface
69.

Which bands of electromagnetic radiation are blocked from reaching Earth's surface by our atmosphere?

a)

visible light

b)

radio waves

c)

x-ray

d)

gamma rays

70.
Which of the following does the radiation from a star tell us?
a)
temperature
b)
motion
c)
composition
d)
all of these
71.

Which of these can solve the issue of atmospheric blurring?

a)

polishing the lens

b)

only using the telescope when it's a clear night

c)

putting the telescope in space

d)

putting the telescope underground

72.

What type of telescope can work 24 hours a day and even be used in the rain?

a)

Refracting Telescope

b)

Radio Telescope

c)

Newtonian Telescope

d)

Solar Telescope

73.
The type of light humans can see is called ___________ light.
a)
electromagnetic
b)
red
c)
white
d)
visible
74.
What type of telescope is this?
a)
Refractor
b)
Reflector
c)
Non-Optical
d)
X- Ray
75.
What type of telescope is this?
a)
Refractor
b)
Reflector
c)
Non-Optical
d)
X- Ray
76.

Modern telescopes are reflecting because: (Choose all that apply)

a)

Lenses are difficult to manufacture

b)

Lenses are heavy and fragile

c)

lenses absorb light that passes through them

d)

Lenses require only 1 perfect surface

77.

One of the issues created by the air surrounding us is:

a)

Interferometry

b)

Reflection

c)

Interference

d)

Atmospheric blurring

78.

What types of telescopes have to be placed in space? (Choose all that apply)

a)

X-ray Telescopes

b)

Gamma ray Telescopes

c)

Infrared Telescopes

d)

Radio Telescopes

79.

When you look at a galaxy that is 2 billion light years away, you see the galaxy as it was ___________ years ago.

a)

2 billion

b)

2 million

c)

zero

d)

20 billion

80.
If the collector is made 10 times wider, how much more light is collected?
a)
2 times more
b)
10 times more
c)
20 times more
d)
100 times more
81.
The ability to separate two objects that are very close together, is called the _____
a)
orientation
b)
attitude
c)
magnification
d)
resolution 
82.
In general the bigger the telescope's objective the better your _____
a)
resolution
b)
magnification
c)
attitude
d)
orientation
83.
Photographs allow us to see fainter objects by taking long _____
a)
wavelength
b)
exposures
c)
body tubes
d)
frame rates
84.

An example of ______ would be if 2 stars were exactly the same but one was twice as far away it would appear dimmer.

a)

apparent clarity

b)

apparent visualization

c)

apparent temperature

d)

apparent brightness

85.

If all stars were at exactly the same distance from you then the only difference in brightness would be caused by ______

a)

Absolute temperature

b)

Absoluteness

c)

Absolute brightness

d)

Absolute power

86.

_______ shows us that when a star’s light is split into its spectrum (think rainbow) it will have distinct bright lines at specific frequencies (colors) based on its composition.

a)

emission spectra

b)

absorption spectra

c)

evil specters

d)

Spectra Obvicia

87.

_______ shows us that when plain light passes through a star’s halo (or a planet’s atmosphere) it’s spectrum will be a full rainbow with distinct black lines where the halo (or planetary atmosphere) absorbed the light.

a)

emission spectra

b)

absorption spectra

c)

evil specters

d)

Spectra Obvicia

88.

Hotter stars produce more ______.

a)

synergy

b)

planets

c)

energy

d)

nebulas

89.

Hotter stars make more _____ light.

a)

green

b)

yellow

c)

red

d)

blue

90.

Cooler stars make more _____ light.

a)

green

b)

yellow

c)

red

d)

blue

91.
What word best describes our sun?
a)
Average
b)
Supergiant
c)
Dwarf
d)
Red Giant
92.
What color of star is the hottest?
a)
Blue
b)
Red
c)
Yellow
d)
Orange
93.
What color of star is the coolest?
a)
Red
b)
Yellow
c)
Blue
d)
White
94.
What is the name of the largest stars?
a)
Protostars
b)
Supergiants
c)
Red Giants
d)
Dwarf Stars
95.
What is the name of the explosion at the death of a massive star?
a)
Supergiant
b)
Supernova
c)
Black Hole
d)
Nebula
96.
Most stars are made of which elements?
a)
Hydrogen only
b)
Hydrogen and Lithium
c)
Hydrogen and Sodium
d)
Hydrogen and Helium
97.
A small, hot star near the end of its life is a star called a
a)
white dwarf
b)
red dwarf
c)
supergiant
d)
protostar
98.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to classify stars?
a)
Color
b)
Temperature
c)
Size
d)
Shape
99.
Why do other stars appear so much smaller than the sun?
a)
They are actually much smaller
b)
They are so far away
c)
They are not as bright
d)
They are dwarf stars
100.
The color of a star tells us its
a)
magnitude
b)
temperature
c)
size
d)
age
101.
The life cycles of stars are determined by their:
a)
mass (size)
b)
color
c)
distance from Earth
d)
luminosity
102.
Which is not an end stage of a star?
a)
black giant
b)
black hole
c)
neutron star
d)
black dwarf
103.
After the main sequence, a high mass star becomes a
a)
black dwarf
b)
protostar
c)
red giant
d)
supergiant
104.
After the main sequence, a low mass star becomes a
a)
black dwarf
b)
protostar
c)
red giant
d)
supergiant
105.
The final stage of a low mass star is a 
a)
neutron star
b)
nebula
c)
black hole
d)
black dwarf
106.
After a supergiant, a high mass star explodes and forms a
a)
supernova
b)
red giant
c)
black hole
d)
planetary nebula
107.
When a nebula heats up, a "baby" star forms in the middle. It is called a
a)
supernova
b)
supergiant
c)
white dwarf
d)
protostar
108.
______ is a force that causes dust particles to stick together in a nebula.
a)
nuclear fusion
b)
gravity
c)
hydrogen
d)
friction
109.
The H-R diagram is a graph that shows the relationship between ______________ for stars. 
a)
temperature and color
b)
temperature and brightness
c)
brightness and color
d)
distance and brightness
110.
A ________ is an object so dense with so much gravity that even light cannot escape.
a)
neutron star
b)
white dwarf
c)
blackhole
d)
black dwarf
111.

What will be the next stage in our star the sun's life cycle?

a)

supernova

b)

white dwarf

c)

blackhole

d)

red giant

112.
The continuous spectrum of a star has gaps in it, darker bands where different elements ___
a)
absorb different colors
b)
reflect different colors
c)
transmit different colors
d)
refract different colors
113.
The thick line, running diagonally down an HR diagram is called ___
a)
the general trend
b)
the main sequence
c)
the main trend
d)
the general sequence
114.
The stars on the lower left of an HR diagram are hot, blue/white but very faint, and are called ___
a)
white giants
b)
blue giants
c)
white dwarfs
d)
blue dwarfs
115.
Most stars live the majority of their lives ___
a)
as white dwarfs
b)
along the main sequence
c)
as red giants
d)
as red super giants
116.

The joining of nuclei to form a "heavier" nucleus is referred to as ______________

a)

chemical reaction

b)

fission

c)

fusion

d)

radiation

117.

Which stage of the star life cycle does fusion occur and the star is most stable?

a)

Birth - protostar(s)

b)

Main Sequence - star

c)

Old Age - red giant

d)

Death - white dwarf

118.

Which stage of the star's life cycle does gravity pull gas and dust together causing pressure and temperature to increase giving way to the formation a protostars?

a)

Birth - protostar(s)

b)

Main Sequence - star

c)

Old Age - red giant

d)

Death - white dwarf

119.

Which stage of a star's life cycle does fusion stop, the core is crushed by gravity and it glows bright white?

a)

Birth - protostar(s)

b)

Main Sequence - star

c)

Old Age - red giant

d)

Death - white dwarf

120.

Which stage of a star's life cycle does fusion slow down, the star expands and glows red?

a)

Birth - protostar

b)

Main Sequence - star

c)

Old Age - red giant

d)

Death - white dwarf

121.
We consider these stars 'dead' because they no longer are carrying out fusion in their cores.
a)
White Dwarfs
b)
Red Dwarfs
c)
Red Giants
d)
Brown Dwarfs
122.
Main sequence stars will become red giants (or supergiants) when they run out of which fuel?
a)
Hydrogen
b)
Helium
c)
Neon
d)
Carbon
123.

What spectacular event follows the red super giant phase for a large or massive star when it starts fusing iron in its core?

a)

Big Bang

b)

Supernova

c)

Planetary Nebula

d)

Nova

124.
Low to Medium mass stars like our Sun will not explode in a Supernova because they do not have enough mass. They will 'puff off' their outer layers of gas leaving a __________ nebula behind.
a)
planetary
b)
supernova remnant
c)
shockwave
d)
black hole
125.
Large mass stars will explode in a Supernova, but will not create a Black Hole as the Neutrons will repel the gravitational collapse, leaving behind a super dense _________ star.
a)
White Dwarf
b)
Neutron
c)
Black Dwarf
d)
Black Hole
126.
Which of the following list the correct order of the life cycle of massive stars?
a)
Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> red supergiant --> supernova --> blackhole
b)
Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> red giant --> planetary nebula --> white dwarf --> black dwarf
c)
Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> supernova --> red giant --> blackhole
d)
Nebula --> protostar --> blackhole --> red supergiant --> supernova --> main sequence
127.
A ________ is an object so dense with so much gravity that even light cannot escape.
a)
neutron star
b)
white dwarf
c)
blackhole
d)
black dwarf
128.

Which of the following is the fate that awaits our sun?

a)

Suffer core collapse and explode in a type II supernova and become a neutron star

b)

Collapse without exploding and become a black hole

c)

Eject its outer layers and leave behind its core as a white dwarf

d)

Explode as a type Ia supernova

129.

What makes supernovas explode?

a)

It can happen because a chicken nugget decides it wants some sauce and it falls into a nuclear reactor and creates a supernova.

b)

It can happen from a Moon stealing mass from a companion star and then stealing so much it explodes into a million pickles.

c)

It can also happen when two neighboring galaxies collide.

d)

It can happen when a star comes to the end of its life and has no more nuclear energy and some mass flows to the core until it can’t withstand its own gravitational force and collapses in on itself and blows up

130.

When massive stars go through supernova, they can leave behind a neutron star. These stars are so dense that a teaspoon of their material would weigh ____ million tons!

a)

100

b)

1,000

c)

50

d)

2

131.

Some highly magnetized Neutron stars also rotate very rapidly, generating electromagnetic radiation from the poles. We call these ____.

a)

quasars

b)

pulsars

c)

black holes

d)

gamma ray bursts

132.
If you happen to get cross the event horizon into a black hole, your body gets stretched out in a process called________________.
a)
stretch armstrong
b)
singularification
c)
string theory
d)
spaghettification
133.
All of the matter that enters a black hole can be found at a single point called the ______________________
a)
point of no return
b)
singularity
c)
pinpoint
d)
the tail
134.

Scientists theorize that a _____________________________ is at the center of every galaxy.

a)

stellar black hole

b)

cosmic black hole

c)

supermassive black hole

d)

star

135.

What small, hot, faint objects are found at B?

a)

neutron stars

b)

black holes

c)

white dwarfs

d)

brown dwarfs

136.

The H-R diagram classifies stars based on what factors?

a)

Temperature and luminosity

b)

Number of planets

c)

What constellation they're in

d)

Temperature and fusion

137.

Compared to a red giant star, a blue supergiant is...

a)

Hotter and brighter

b)

Hotter and not as bright

c)

Colder and brighter

d)

Colder and not as bright

138.

Compared to a white dwarf, a red supergiant is...

a)

Hotter and brighter

b)

Hotter and not as bright

c)

Colder and brighter

d)

Colder and not as bright

139.

Which star has a longer life, a main sequence star or a blue giant?

a)

Main sequence star

b)

Blue giant

140.

What kind of star has the longest lifespan?

a)

A very massive star, like a blue giant

b)

An average sized star, like our Sun

c)

A star with low mass, like a red dwarf

141.

Which planet is the closest planet to the sun?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Mars

d)

Pluto

142.
What is similar about all of the inner planets?
a)
rocky
b)
gasses
c)
many moons
d)
takes a long time to revolve around the sun
143.
Which planet is the largest?
a)
Jupiter
b)
Saturn
c)
Neptune
d)
Uranus
144.
Between which two planets is the asteroid belt located?
a)
Mercury & Venus
b)
Mars & Jupiter
c)
Uranus & Neptune
d)
Neptune & Pluto
145.
Which planet takes the least time to go around the sun?
a)
Mercury
b)
Earth
c)
Mars
d)
Jupiter
146.
Which planet is red because of iron oxide or rust?
a)
Venus
b)
Mars
c)
Jupiter
d)
Saturn
147.

Which planet's average temperature make it the hottest planet in the solar system?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

148.

The "Great Red Spot" is a storm on which planet?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Jupiter

d)

Saturn

149.

Which planet rotates on its side?

a)

Venus

b)

Earth

c)

Saturn

d)

Uranus

150.

Why is Venus's atmosphere yellow?

a)

banannas

b)

sulfer

c)

nitrogen

d)

iron

151.

What do Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars all have in common?

a)

They are all very cold planets.

b)

They are considered terrestrial planets, that is rocky or have metals with hard surface.

c)

They are about the same size.

d)

They are considered gas giants

152.

The four inner planets are rocky and small. Which description best fits the next four outer planets?

a)

They are also rocky and small.

b)

They are very large and has no moons

c)

They are small and made of ice.

d)

They are very large, made of gases with no solid surface

153.

A cloud of gas and dust is called a....

a)

Solar System

b)

Nebula

c)

Galaxy

d)

Red Giant

154.

What takes up 99.8% of the mass in the solar system?

a)

The moon

b)

The sun

c)

Jupiter

d)

Saturn

155.

This marks the boundary of our solar system.

a)

Asteroid Belt

b)

Kuiper Belt

c)

Comet Belt

d)

Oort Cloud

156.
Planets form by a process called...
a)
accretion
b)
dark matter interactions
c)
electromagnetic radiation
d)
sun-dropping
157.

The nebular hypothesis explains

a)

why the planets are spherical in shape.

b)

why the solar system is in a flattened disk.

c)

how the sun and planets formed from a cloud of gas and dust.

d)

all of the above.

158.

Because Pluto has not cleared its orbital path of debris, it was reclassified from a planet to a . . .

a)

asteroid.

b)

meteor.

c)

moon.

d)

dwarf planet.

159.

Which planet is closest to Earth in size?

a)

Mercury

b)

Uranus

c)

Venus

d)

Mars

160.

How many moons does Mars have?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

161.

The largest of the terrestrial planets is

a)

Jupiter

b)

Earth

c)

Mars

d)

Uranus

162.

According to scientists, the solar system formed from

a)

colliding planetesimals.

b)

rotating stars.

c)

colliding nebulae.

d)

a rotating disk of dust and gases.

163.

What is the mass of Jupiter?

a)

2.5 times the mass of Earth

b)

twice the mass of all the terrestrial planets

c)

about half the mass of all the Jovian planets

d)

 2.5 times the mass of all the other planets and their moons

164.

The Kuiper Belt is a region beyond Neptune containing

a)

comets with short orbit periods.

b)

meteors smaller than 1 km across.

c)

a dense collection of meteoroids.

d)

comets with unusually large nuclei.

165.

As the shape of the nebula changed, material began to concentrate and heat up near the __________.

a)

sides.

b)

top.

c)

bottom.

d)

center.

166.

The concentrated, heated up material helped to form a "wannabe" star, or ____________.

a)

protostar.

b)

baby star.

c)

junior star.

d)

pre-star.

167.

Heat and pressure in our protostar reached limits needed for the process of _______, in which hydrogen atoms smash together to form helium.

a)

fission

b)

engine

c)

fusion

d)

matter transport

168.

As parts of what used to be a nebula cooled down, matter was able to condense and form distinct bodies called...

a)

baby planets.

b)

planetellas.

c)

planetesimals.

d)

pancakes.

169.

Icey/gaseous planetesimals made largely of hydrogen would eventually become the ___________ planets.

a)

Jovian

b)

terrestrial

c)

extra-terrestrial

170.

A term used to the young/early planet in the solar system

PLIMNSAEEATSL

(a)  

171.

What happened to the nebula after it collapsed and started spinning?

a)

It formed a sphere

b)

It flattened into a disc

c)

It evaporated into space

d)

It exploded

172.
What force acted on the massive nebula to collapse it and eventually form our sun?
a)
electrostatic force
b)
strong force
c)
 weak force
d)
gravity
173.
Nebula's are mixtures of gases and what?
a)
clouds
b)
stars
c)
tiny particles
d)
dust
174.
How many of Jupiter's moons are referred to as "Galilean moons"?
a)
two
b)
three
c)
four
d)
five
175.
The biggest of Jupiter's moons is _____
a)
Io
b)
Europa
c)
Ganymede
d)
Callisto
176.
Ganymede, the largest moon in our solar system, is even bigger than the planet _____
a)
Mercury
b)
Venus
c)
Mars
d)
Earth
177.
The surface of Callisto is mostly _____
a)
ice
b)
dust
c)
iron oxide
d)
volcanoes
178.
Which moon is the most volcanic object in the entire solar system?
a)
Io
b)
Europa
c)
Ganymede
d)
Callisto
179.
How does Europa, Jupiter's fourth biggest moon, compare in size to our own moon?
a)
Europa is much smaller
b)
Europa is slightly smaller
c)
Europa is slightly bigger
d)
Europa is much bigger
180.
Which moon has an entire ocean of water sealed up under a solid crust of ice?
a)
Io
b)
Europa
c)
Ganymede
d)
Callisto
181.
The interiors of Ganymede, Io, and Europa are kept warm by _____
a)
nuclear fision
b)
nuclear fusion
c)
tidal flexing
d)
volcanic activity
182.
Which moon likely has everything it needs to spawn life?
a)
Io
b)
Europa
c)
Ganymede
d)
Callisto
183.
All of Jupiter's moons _____
a)
are tidally locked to Jupiter
b)
have liquid water
c)
are covered partially in ice
d)
have volcanic activity
184.
The high temperatures on Venus' surface are a result of
a)
how close Venus is to the sun.
b)
the sulfuric acid in the atmosphere.
c)
its extremely long days.
d)
  the runaway greenhouse effect.
185.
What is the name of the highest and largest volcano in the solar system? 
a)
Vallis Marinaris
b)
Mount Everest
c)
Mount Vastichock
d)
Olympus Mons
186.
The main component of Mars’ atmosphere is     
a)
nitrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
sulfuric acid
187.
What is the name of the mission that has studied Mercury?
a)
Curiosity
b)
MESSENGER 
c)
Voyager
d)
Apollo
188.

Which planet has the shortest year?

a)

Mars

b)

Mercury

c)

Earth

d)

Venus

189.

A day is longer than a year on this planet

a)

Jupiter

b)

Mars

c)

Venus

d)

Earth

190.

Which planet is best known for its easily visible series of belts and zones?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

191.

Which planet has the lowest density?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

192.

Which of the Jovian planets is brightest in the night sky?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

193.

Which two elements make up the majority of a Jovian planet's atmosphere?

a)

Hydrogen and Methane

b)

Hydrogen and Nitrogen

c)

Oxygen and Nitrogen

d)

Hydrogen and Helium

194.

What is the name of Saturn's largest moon?

a)

Hyperion

b)

Titan

c)

Ganymede

d)

Hyperion

195.

Which of these is responsible for the variable way that we see Saturn’s rings on Earth?

a)

The Earth's relative position to the Sun.

b)

The brightness of Jupiter's reflection

c)

The tilt of Saturn on its axis.

d)

Saturn's retrograde rotation

196.

Titan has an extremely cold surface temperature (minus 290 oF). How can liquids exist there?

a)

water can exist on the surface if it contains salt

b)

liquids can only exist temporarily on the surface

c)

methane & ethane gases which have a low liquidation point

d)

only solids can exist at that temperature

197.

What other unique feature of Titan make it such an unusual moon?

a)

its proximity to Saturn itself

b)

a thick atmosphere that is at least twice that of Earth's

c)

a subsurface ocean of water ice

d)

solid water/ice surface

198.

A moon of Jupiter that has the potential to support alien life. It has geysers which means that it could have an underground liquid ocean that is salty.

a)

Ganymede

b)

Titan

c)

Europa

d)

Perseverance rover

199.

The largest moon of Saturn and is the only moon in our solar system that has an atmosphere. It has rivers, lakes, seas, and may contain oceans (the liquid in these places is not water, but another type of liquid).

a)

Ganymede

b)

Titan

c)

Europa

d)

Perseverance rover

200.

A moon of Jupiter. It is the largest moon in our solar system. It is the only moon to have a magnetic field (this would protect life from radiation). This moon could have ice and liquid water below its surface that could be an ocean.

a)

Ganymede

b)

Titan

c)

Europa

d)

Perseverance rover

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