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Test: Topic 7: Climate and Porosity

Total questions: 84

Worksheet time: 2hrs 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

According to the ESRT, which material would require the most heat energy to increase the temperature of 1 gram of the material one Celsius degree?

a)

Ice

b)

Water

c)

Basalt

d)

Granite

2.

Which material would require the greatest amount of heat energy to raise its temperature from 5oC to 10oC? [Refer to the Earth Science Reference Tables.]

a)

Iron

b)

Lead

c)

Granite

d)

Dry Air

3.

If the same amount of heat is added to each sample, the smallest change in temperature will occur in the

a)

Iron

b)

Dry Air

c)

Granite

d)

Water

4.

What would heat up the fastest if left out in the sunlight on a clear, summer day?

a)

Liquid Water

b)

Dry Air

c)

Lead

d)

Granite

5.
What would be the effect on the particles if more heat is supplied to the system?
a)
They would slow down
b)
They would stop moving
c)
They would speed up
d)
There would be no effect
6.

In order for process A to occur, liquid water must

a)

gain 334 Joules per gram

b)

gain 2260 Joules per gram

c)

lose 334 Joules per gram

d)

lose 2260 Joules per gram

7.

Which process is represented by letter B?

a)

capillarity

b)

transpiration

c)

infiltration

d)

precipitation

8.

Which process of the water cycle occurs when water absorbs 2260 Joules of heat energy per gram?

a)

melting of ice

b)

condensation of water

c)

evaporating of water

d)

freezing of water

9.

Which list correctly identifies the energy transfer between A, B and C

a)

A- Conduction, B-Convection, C-Ratiation

b)

A- Convection, B- Radiation, C- Conduction

c)

A- Convection, B- Conduction, C- Radiation

d)

A- Conduction, B- Radiation, C- Convection

10.

Most clouds form in the atmosphere when moist

air

a)

rises, expands and cools to the dewpoint

b)

rises, expands, and warms to the dewpoint

c)

sinks, compresses and cools to the dewpoint

d)

sinks, compresses and warms to the dew point

11.

Ocean gyres in the Northern Hemisphere consist of a number of surface ocean currents that, together, generally flow clockwise in a roughly circular pattern. Which list contains three warm surface ocean currents that make up most of the North Atlantic Ocean gyre?

a)

Kuroshio Current, North Pacific Current,

and California Current

b)

Canary Current, North Equatorial Current,

and Equatorial Countercurrent

c)

Labrador Current, North Atlantic Current,

and East Greenland Current

d)

North Equatorial Current, Gulf Stream

Current, and North Atlantic Current

12.
In the water cycle, the sun provides
a)
energy for water to evaporate from oceans, lakes and rivers.
b)
water for evaporation to happen. 
c)
energy to produce electricity. 
d)
water for condensation to happen. 
13.

Which best explains why runoff is important?

a)

It returns water to other locations on Earth

b)

It increases the chance of flooding

c)

It makes evaporation occur faster

d)

It increases condensation

14.
When water _________, dew forms.
a)
Melts
b)
Evaporates
c)
Condenses
d)
Precipitates
15.
What source of energy evaporates the most water from Earth’s surface?
a)
volcanoes
b)
the sun
c)
lightning
d)
wind
16.

When water changes from a liquid to a solid it is known as...

a)

melting.

b)

condensation.

c)

freezing.

d)

evaporation.

17.

When water changes from a liquid to a gas in plants it is called...

a)

condensation.

b)

evaporation.

c)

sublimation.

d)

transpiration.

18.

What is another name or synonym for the water cycle?

a)

Geologic cycle

b)

Hydrologic cycle

c)

Geosphere

d)

Carbon cycle

19.

Which process of the water cycle occurs when water absorbs 2260 Joules of heat energy per gram?

a)

melting of ice

b)

condensation of water

c)

evaporating of water

d)

freezing of water

20.

Which list correctly identifies the energy transfer between A, B and C

a)

A- Conduction, B-Convection, C-Ratiation

b)

A- Convection, B- Radiation, C- Conduction

c)

A- Convection, B- Conduction, C- Radiation

d)

A- Conduction, B- Radiation, C- Convection

21.
Sand is ___________, meaning that water can pass through easily.
a)
Permeable
b)
Impermeable
c)
Solid
d)
Soft
22.

What is groundwater?

a)

all the bodies of fresh water, salt water, ice, and snow that are found above the ground

b)

the water that is beneath Earth's surface

c)

the area of land that is drained by a river system

d)

a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater

23.

What do we call an area in which all the spaces between rock particles are filled with water?

a)

Unsaturated Zone

b)

Saturated Zone

24.

What do we call an area in which the spaces between rock particles are filled with air?

a)

Unsaturated Zone

b)

Saturated Zone

25.
Water flows through permeable materials ____________________ than impermeable materials.
a)
slower
b)
faster
26.
Which diagram represents the soil with the greatest permeability?
a)
Choice 1
b)
Choice 2
c)
Choice 3
d)
Choice 4
27.

What is the relationship between soil type/particle size and permiability (as shown by the bar graph below)?

a)

The larger the particle size, the slower the permeability rate

b)

The smaller the particle size, the faster the permeability rate

c)

There is no relationship between particle size and permeability

d)

The larger the particle size, the faster the permeability rate

28.
If porosity is low then permeability is ______________.
a)
low
b)
high
29.
Porosity refers to...
a)
the shape of the particles
b)
The sorting of the particles
c)
% of pore space in a material
d)
% of cement in a material
30.
The ___________________ the grain size, the faster the water will move through the soil.
a)
more mixed
b)
smaller
c)
larger
31.
Climates are classified according to two major factors:
a)
elevation and precipitation
b)
latitude and temperature
c)
elevation and latitude
d)
precipitation and temperature
32.
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas
a)
carbon dioxide
b)
methane
c)
wator vaper
d)
oxygen
33.
Washington state has warmer winters than Minnesota because it is close to
a)
mountains
b)
deserts
c)
the ocean
d)
large forests
34.
The prevailing winds in the United States blow from the
a)
north
b)
east
c)
south
d)
west
35.
The land on the ____________________ side of a mountain range gets almost all of the precipitation
a)
windward
b)
far
c)
leeward
d)
south
36.
Carbon dioxide levels are rising in the atmosphere over the past 200 years due to
a)
burning fossil fuels
b)
natural events
c)
livestock farming
d)
deforestation
37.
Which of the following situations is an example of condensation?
a)
car windows fogging up
b)
snow falling from the clouds
c)
a pot of boiling water turning into gas
d)
a plant releasing oxygen into the atmosphere
38.

Climate is

a)

the further you get from the equator

b)

the higher you go the colder it gets

c)

the conditions of the atmosphere at a certain place and time

d)

the average weather conditions of an area over a long period of time

39.

As you go on top of a mountain, what happens to temperature

a)

nothing

b)

it increases

c)

it decreases

d)

it goes up and down

40.
Which of these is NOT a factor that determines the climate of a place?
a)
latitude
b)
wind patterns
c)
longitude
d)
elevation
41.

Which factor most likely causes two cities at the same elevation and latitude to have different yearly average temperature ranges?

a)

rotation of Earth

b)

duration of insolation

c)

distance from a large body of water

d)

direction of prevailing winds

42.

Which natural event temporarily slows or reverses surface ocean currents in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean, causing a disruption of normal weather patterns?

a)

monsoons

b)

volcanic eruptions

c)

El Niño

d)

deforestation

43.

Mt Marcy often has the coldest nighttime temperatures in New York State because of its

a)

latitude and planetary winds

b)

latitude and elevation

c)

longitude and planetary winds

d)

longitude and elevation

44.

The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current modify the climate of the northwestern Europe by making the climate

a)

warmer and drier

b)

warmer and more humid

c)

cooler and drier

d)

cooler and more humid

45.
Which city is located closest to the Equator? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
46.
Which city has the greatest temperature range? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
47.
The planetary winds on Earth are indicated by the curving arrows in the diagram. 
The curved paths of the planetary winds are a result of 
a)
changes in humidity.
b)
changes in temperature.
c)
Earth's rotation on its axis
d)
Earth's gravitational force
48.

The climate at 90˚ north latitude is dry because the air at that location is usually

a)

warm and rising

b)

warm and sinking

c)

cool and rising

d)

cool and sinking

49.
Which physical characteristics would cause location G to have a colder yearly climate than any other location?
a)
the nearness of location G to a large ocean
b)
the location of G with respect to the prevailing winds
c)
the elevation of location G above sea level
d)
the distance of location G to the equator
50.
Which location probably has the greatest range in temperature during the year? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
H
d)
D
51.
The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a
a)
water table
b)
trailer
c)
house
d)
watershed
52.

When water moves up a piece of paper, or up a tree against gravity, it is displaying the property of water known as

a)

Adhesion

b)

Capillary action

c)

Cohesion

d)

Density

53.
A stream that runs into a river is known as a
a)
Porosity
b)
Tributary
c)
Stream Run
d)
Runoff
54.

Which sample has the GREATEST porosity?

a)

sorted

b)

unsorted

55.

Which sample has the LEAST porosity?

a)

tight pack

b)

loose pack

56.

Soil with the greatest porosity has particles that are

a)

poorly sorted and tightly packed

b)

poorly sorted and loosely packed

c)

well sorted and tightly packed

d)

well sorted and loosely packed

57.

Which of the following statements is the definition of permeability?

a)

the amount of air space between sediments

b)

the ability of water to flow through sediments

c)

the density of sediments

d)

the infiltration rate

58.

Which sample is MOST permeable?

a)

round

b)

flat

c)

oval

59.

Which sample is LEAST permeable?

a)

round

b)

oval

c)

flat

60.

Water moves very slowly through clay. Which statement about clay must be true?

a)

clay has large pore spaces

b)

clay has round particles

c)

clay is relatively impermeable

61.

If water can easily flow between the cracks in a rock, we can say that

a)

water is permeable

b)

rock is impermeable

c)

rock is permeable

d)

water is impermeable

62.

Unsorted sediments will have....

a)

High Porosity

b)

Low Porosity

63.

A sorted material will have...

a)

High porosity

b)

Low Porosity

64.

How much is the water retained in the example?

a)

13 ml

b)

23ml

c)

33ml

d)

43ml

65.

Which soil would have the greatest permeability rate after a rainstorm?

a)

sand (0.02 cm)

b)

silt (0.002 cm)

c)

clay (0.0002 cm)

66.
Which should have the greatest capillarity based on sediment size?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
67.

Which column will have the greatest capillarity?

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

68.

The smaller the size of the particle...

a)

the more surface area

b)

the smaller the surface area

69.

Which graph shows the general relationship between soil particle size and the capillarity of the soil?

a)
b)
c)
d)
70.

What is infiltration?

a)

The process by which water sinks into the ground

b)

The zone where there are still air spaces left between the particles.

c)

The process by which water vapor turns into liquid water and forms fog or clouds.

d)

The process by which water does not sink into the ground, but rather travels along the surface.

71.
Which diagram represents the soil with the greatest permeability?
a)
Choice 1
b)
Choice 2
c)
Choice 3
d)
Choice 4
72.

Which graph shows the effect of soil permeability on the amount of runoff in an area?

a)
b)
c)
d)
73.
What two factors are primarily used to describe climate?
a)
temperature and density
b)
temperature and precipitation
c)
precipitation and density
d)
winds and humidity
74.
If you live near the ocean, in a marine climate, what kind of winters would you expect?
a)
Harsh, extreme winters
b)
Mild winters
c)
No winters at the beach.
75.

Which diagram best illustrates how air rising over a mountain produces precipitation?

a)
b)
c)
d)
76.
Which current has a cooling effect on the climate of the west coast of South America? 
a)
Falkland Current
b)
Peru Current
c)
Benguela Current
d)
Brazil Current 
77.

A gradual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide would warm Earth’s atmosphere because carbon dioxide is a

a)

poor reflector of ultraviolet radiation

b)

good reflector of ultraviolet radiation

c)

poor absorber of infrared radiation

d)

good absorber of infrared radiation

78.

Land surfaces of Earth heat more rapidly than water surfaces because

a)

more energy from the Sun falls on land than on water

b)

land has a lower specific heat than water

c)

sunlight penetrates to greater depths in land than in water

d)

less of Earth’s surface is covered by land than by water

79.

In addition to carbon dioxide, two other major greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere are

a)

oxygen and nitrogen

b)

oxygen and methane

c)

water vapor and nitrogen

d)

water vapor and methane

80.

Earth’s polar regions have cold, dry climates because the Sun’s rays are at a

a)

low angle, and upper atmospheric air is sinking

b)

low angle, and upper atmospheric air is rising

c)

high angle, and lower atmospheric air is sinking

d)

high angle, and lower atmospheric air is rising

81.

The side of a mountain range that faces away from the wind and receives little to no precipitation:

a)

Windward

b)

Leeward

c)

Monsoon

d)

Climate

82.

17. Which Earth surface would most likely absorb the greatest amount of insolation on a sunny day if all of these surfaces have equal areas?

a)

blacktop parking lot

b)

white sand beach

c)

surface of a calm lake

d)

snow covered mountain slope

83.

Arrows on the maps below show differences in the direction of winds in the region of India and the Indian Ocean during January and July. Isobar values are recorded in millibars. Heavy monsoon rains usually occur in India during

a)

January, when winds blow from the land

b)

January, when winds blow toward high pressure

c)

July, when winds blow from the ocean

d)

July, when winds blow toward high pressure

84.
The planetary winds on Earth are indicated by the curving arrows in the diagram. 
The curved paths of the planetary winds are a result of 
a)
changes in humidity.
b)
changes in temperature.
c)
Earth's rotation on its axis
d)
Earth's gravitational force

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