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07. Rivers

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which is NOT a method of transportation? (a)  

Choose from the below words
Abrasion
Saltation
Traction
Suspension
2.

Where would you find a waterfall? (a)  

Choose from the below words
Upper course
Middle Course
Lower Course
3.

What landform can you see in the picture? (a)  

Choose from the below words
Floodplain
Delta
Waterfall
Oxbow lake
4.

"When rocks scrape along the river bank and bed" is what type of erosion? (a)  

Choose from the below words
Attrition
Abrasion
Solution
Hydraulic Action
5.

Match the following

a)
1.

Upper Course

b)
2.

Middle course

c)
3.

Lower Course

6.

How is an oxbow lake formed?

a)

Two meanders merge through erosion. The river deposits the eroded materials which block off the old parts of the river.

b)

Eroded material is carried by the river and released creating new land.

7.

A meander is a​ ​ (a)   in the river.

Choose from the below words
curve
straightline
straight line
gradient
8.

What are the processes of river transport?

a)

Hydraulic action, abrasion, solution

b)

Longshore drift and mass movement

c)

Traction, saltation, solution, suspension

d)

Traction, hydraulic action, solution

9.

Why do rivers deposit their load? (a)  

Choose from the below words
They flow faster
The flow over a steep slope
They gain more water
They lose energy
10.

In its upper course, a river mainly erodes...

a)

Laterally

b)

From side to side

c)

Vertically and laterally

d)

Vertically

11.

What is the name of the deep pool found at the base of a waterfall?

a)

Diving pool

b)

Jacuzzi pool

c)

Plunge pool

d)

Overhang

12.

At what stage is the river valley V shaped?

a)

Upper course

b)

Lower course

c)

Middle course

d)

You can't tell

13.

What is a long profile?

a)

A line representing the river from its source to its mouth.

b)

A line from one river bank to another

c)

The point where a river starts

d)

An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.

14.

What are the characteristics of the upper course of a river?

a)

Wide, deep channel

b)

Shallow, narrow channel

c)

Widest, deepest channel

d)

All of the above

15.

Identify the characteristics of the middle course of a river.

a)

Medium gradient, gently sloping valley sides with a wider, deeper channel.

b)

Gentle gradient, very wide, almost flat valley, very wide and deep river channel.

c)

Steep gradient, v-shaped valley, steep sides and narrow, shallow channel.

16.

Why is vertical erosion most dominant in the upper course of a river?

a)

High turbulence causes the rough, angular particles transported by the river to be scraped along the riverbed, causing intense downwards erosion.

b)

The discharge is highest here causing intense erosion.

c)

The velocity of the water is highest here causing intense erosion.

17.

What river landforms are found in the upper course?

a)

Gorge

b)

Meander

c)

Delta

d)

Interlocking spurs

18.

The Jubilee River was an example of ​ (a)   engineering. It used a ​ (b)   to divert water away from Windsor

Choose from the below words
hard
flood relief channel
soft
medium
embankment
19.

Natural levees are....

a)

Man-made structures to prevent flooding

b)

A raised bank on the edge of a flood plain

c)

A raised bank either side of the river due to deposition

d)

Unlevel ground on a flood plain

20.

Name this type of erosion - the power of the water forcing air and water into cracks in the river bed and eroding it.

(a)  

21.

Which of these is a human cause of flooding?

a)

Heavy rainfall

b)

Natural Hazards

c)

Impermeable rocks

d)

Deforestation

22.

What is the land next to the river called and how would you describe it?

a)

Floodplain, steep land next to the river.

b)

Floodplain, flat land next to the river.

c)

Floodplain, flat land away from the river.

d)

Floodplain, flat land on top of the river.

23.

Reorder the following to create a waterfall

a)

The soft rock is eroded quicker than the hard rock and this creates a step

b)

As erosion continues, the hard rock is undercut forming an overhang.

c)

Abrasion and hydraulic action erode to create a plunge pool.

d)

Over time this gets bigger, increasing the size of the overhang until the hard rock is no longer supported and it collapses.

e)

This process continues and the waterfall retreats upstream, forming a gorge

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
24.

1.What do you see in this picture?

a)

Waterfall

b)

V-shaped valley

25.

Identify the negatives of the Jubilee River Program

a)

It flooded Old Windsor which was a poorer area

b)

It stopped Windsor from flooding - this was a valuable area that was protected

c)

It cost over £110 million and ran over budget

26.

Label a feature at each stage of the course of a river

a)Waterfall
b)Meaders and oxbow lake
c)Floodplain and Levees
1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
27.

What is this feature in the upper course of a river?

a)

Interlocking spur

b)

Oxbow lake

c)

Waterfall

28.

Reorder the following to form a meander

a)

The development of meanders is due to both deposition and erosion.

b)

On the inside bend, water is slower and deposits sediment

c)

This forms a slip off slope

d)

On the outside of the bend, energy is higher, this causes erosion, forming a river cliff

e)

Over time, the meanders change shape, moving across the floodplain

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
29.

Reorder the following to form an oxbow lake

a)

The faster moving water erodes the outside bend

b)

The slower moving water deposits on the inside of the bend 

c)

As the outside bends erode, the necks of the meander migrate towards each other 

d)

Eventually they are so close the water flows straight across the bend

e)

The sediment blocks off the water to the bend creating an oxbow lake

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
30.

What are physical (natural) factors that cause flooding

a)

Prolonged rainfall

b)

Impermeable land

c)

How steep the land is

d)

Building on floodplains

e)

Impermeable surfaces eg tarmac

31.

A ​ (a)   hydrograph with a very ​ (b)   lag time is often found in urban areas. Here flooding is very likely to happen as the ground is ​ (c)   with surfaces made of tarmac​

Choose from the below words
steep
short
impermeable
flat
long
permeable
32.

A soft engineering strategy where the local area is planned. It means that things like farms are found near the river channel, and more expensive buildings like houses and offices are far away from the river. When it floods, less valuable land is flooded

a)

Floodplain zoning

b)

Embankments

c)

Reservoir

d)

Channel straightening

33.

• The Jubilee River is a relief channel for the River Thames. It cost ​ (a)  

• The Jubilee River diverts water away from the ​ (b)   using a ​ (c)  

• The scheme’s secondary channel has helped avert floods ​ 30 times since 2002

• It protects ​ (d)   homes. However it has meant that ​ poorer areas downstream in Old Windsor have been flooded

Choose from the below words
£110 million
Thames
secondary channel
3000
£20 million
£50 million
Trent
Reservoir
100
250
34.

Which of these are negatives of the Jubilee Flood Relief Channel?

a)

Economic

1.

Wealth properties of Eton and Windsor have been protected whereas Old Windsor has been flooded

b)

Social

2.

The cost went about the planned £110 million and maintaining the channel has been expensive

c)

Environmental

3.

The concrete weirs look unattractive and spoil the natural environment

35.

Match the hard engineering strategies

a)

Embankments

1.

Large concrete structures either side of a channel making it harder for it to burst its banks

b)

Channel straightening

2.

Allows the river to flow faster out of a local area when flooding happens

c)

Reservoirs and dams

3.

Store water, allowing it to be released down into the river when it is safe to do so

36.

________________ are streams that flow together to make a river.

a)

source

b)

tributaries

c)

mouth

d)

drainage basin

37.

The area of land DRAINED by a river system is called the _____________

a)

drainage basin

b)

mouth

c)

tributaries

d)

source

38.

The place where the river end in the sea or large lake is called the ___________.

a)

source

b)

tributaries

c)

mouth

d)

drainage basin

39.

When a river floods...

a)

... the heaviest particles are carried furthest.

b)

… the smallest particles are deposited closest to the river channel.

c)

… the load is spread randomly across the floodplain.

d)

… the heaviest particles are deposited closest to the river channel.

40.

What is the name of the deep pool found at the base of a waterfall?

a)

Diving pool

b)

Jacuzzi pool

c)

Plunge pool

d)

Overhang

41.

At what stage is the river valley V shaped?

a)

Upper course

b)

Lower course

c)

Middle course

d)

You can't tell

42.
A river may erode by the processes of corrosion, attrition, corrasion or hydraulic power. For hydraulic power describe how it works
a)
•This is when river water and its load are thrown against the river banks causing erosion.
b)
•Water and air are forced into cracks on the river bank, exerting a pressure. When this process is repeated many times it causes erosion.
c)
A river carries large amounts of load that are constantly smashing into each other and breaking into smaller particles. This makes the load smaller and more rounded over time.
43.
Traction, saltation, suspension and solution are the 4 methods of transport of material along a river. For saltation explain how each it works 
a)
Small pebbles bounce along the river bed.
b)
Large boulders roll along the river bed.
c)
Fine material is carried along, suspended in the water.
44.
Explain the formation of a waterfall and gorge
a)
•Niagara Falls is one of the best known waterfalls in the world. There are actually two waterfalls together which have been formed as a gorge has worn down the Niagara river. Angel falls, in Venezuela is the biggest waterfall in the world.
b)
•Sometimes water takes a short cut to the sea by going over a waterfall. A good example of a gorge is Ironbridge gorge, Shropshire. It has a fantastic iron bridge over the river Severn.
c)
•If a river flows over hard rock which lies on top of exposed softer rock, the softer rock may be undercut by erosion, forming a waterfall. If the waterfall retreats upstream it can form a steep sided valley called a gorge.
45.
What features are associated with waterfalls?
a)
Niagara, Victoria, Angel, High Force.
b)
Plunge pool, undercutting, hard and soft rock.
c)
Weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition.
46.
Explain how the features of a meander are formed?
a)
•a river cliff forms on the inside of a river bend as a result of faster flowing water and its load causing erosion and undercutting the river bank. A slip off slope forms on the outside of a river bend where the river is flowing more slowly and deposition takes place.
b)
a river cliff forms on the outside of a river bend as a result of faster flowing water and its load causing erosion and undercutting the river bank. A slip off slope forms on the inside of a river bend where the river is flowing more slowly and deposition takes place.
c)
•a river cliff forms on the outside of a river bend as a result of faster flowing water and its load causing deposition on the bank. A slip off slope forms on the inside of a river bend where the river is flowing more slowly and erosion takes place.
47.
Explain the formation of an ox bow lake.
a)
•These lakes were dug out by farmers to provide fresh water for their cattle and oxen.
b)
•These are formed when an alien head is guillotined by a river, leaving a horse shoe print.
c)
•It forms where a river channel erodes through the neck of two meander bends that are eroding towards each other. The river then flows more directly and is diverted away form the meander bend. The neck is then sealed off from the rest of the river channel through deposition, leaving a arc shaped lake isolated from the rest of the river. 
48.

What is a long profile?

a)

A line representing the river from its source to its mouth.

b)

A line from one river bank to another

c)

The point where a river starts

d)

An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.

49.

What are the characteristics of the upper course of a river?

a)

Wide, deep channel

b)

Shallow, narrow channel

c)

Widest, deepest channel

d)

All of the above

50.

Why is vertical erosion most dominant in the upper course of a river?

a)

High turbulence causes the rough, angular particles transported by the river to be scraped along the riverbed, causing intense downwards erosion.

b)

The discharge is highest here causing intense erosion.

c)

The velocity of the water is highest here causing intense erosion.

51.

Which Process involves small pebbles and stones being bounced along the river bed?

a)

Solution

b)

Traction

c)

Saltation

d)

none of the above

52.

Which process involves large boulders and rocks being rolled along the river bed?

a)

Saltation

b)

Traction

c)

Suspension

d)

Solution

53.

Tiny particles such as silt are usually transported:

a)

in solution

b)

in suspension

c)

by saltation

d)

by traction

54.

The load of the river is all the materials carried by the water

a)

True

b)

False

55.

What is the edge of the river basin called?

a)

waterside

b)

waterway

c)

watershed

d)

water

56.

________________ are streams that flow together to make a river.

a)

source

b)

tributaries

c)

mouth

d)

drainage basin

57.

What river landforms are found in the upper course?

a)

Gorge

b)

Meander

c)

Delta

d)

Interlocking spurs

58.

What type of erosion is prominent in the middle course?

a)

Vertical erosion

b)

Saltation

c)

Solution

d)

Lateral erosion

59.

What landforms occur in the middle course of a river?

a)

Ox-bow lakes

b)

V-shape valleys

c)

Flood plains

d)

Estuary

60.

The (a)   means the fastest flow of the river

61.

The fastest flow of the river occurs on the ____________ bend creating a _______________.

a)

Inside

b)

Outside

c)

Slip-off slope

d)

River cliff

62.

Natural levees are....

a)

Man-made structures to prevent flooding

b)

A raised bank on the edge of a flood plain

c)

A raised bank either side of the river due to deposition

d)

Unlevel ground on a flood plain

63.

What is abrasion?

a)

Rocks rubbing away the river bed like sandpaper

b)

Small rocks hitting into each other

c)

Acidic water dissolving rocks

64.

Identify the processes of transportation

a)

Solution

b)

Attrition

c)

Traction

d)

Saltation

65.

Which of these is a human cause of flooding?

a)

Heavy rainfall

b)

Natural Hazards

c)

Impermeable rocks

d)

Deforestation

66.

Which of these is a human cause of flooding?

a)

Heavy rainfall

b)

Natural Hazards

c)

Impermeable rocks

d)

Deforestation

67.

What is an impermeable rock?

a)

A rock that doesn't let water through

b)

A rock that does let water through

68.

Processes of erosion

The sheer power of the water as it smashes against the river banks. Air becomes trapped in the cracks in the rock of the river bank and bed, and causes the rock to break apart.

a)

Saltation

b)

Hydraulic action

c)

Abrasion

d)

Attrition

69.

Processes of erosion

When pebbles grind along the river bank and bed in a sand-papering effect

a)

Weathering

b)

Abrasion

c)

Hydraulic action

d)

Attrition

70.

Processes of erosion

When rocks that the river is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded.

a)

Attrition

b)

Abrasion

c)

Solution

d)

Hydraulic action

71.

Processes of erosion

When the water dissolves certain types of rocks, e.g. limestone.

a)

Solution

b)

Abrasion

c)

Hydraulic action

d)

Attrition

72.

Weathering processes

Rainwater is slightly acidic and over time this dissolves rocks such as limestone and chalk.

a)

Chemical weathering

b)

Biological weathering

c)

Mechanical (freeze-thaw) weathering

73.

Transportation processes

Large, heavy pebbles are rolled along the river bed. This is most common near the source of a river.

a)

Suspension

b)

Solution

c)

Traction

74.

Transportation processes

Pebbles are bounced along the river bed, most commonly near the source.

a)

Saltation

b)

Suspension

c)

Solution

d)

Traction

75.

Transportation processes

Lighter sediment is carried within the water, most commonly in the middle and lower course of the river.

a)

Suspension

b)

Solution

c)

Hydraulic action

d)

Saltation

76.

When the river loses energy, it drops any of the material it has been carrying. This is known as...

a)

mass movement

b)

deposition

c)

hydraulic Action

d)

transportation

77.

Features of the drainage basin

This is where the river flows.

a)

Channel

b)

Watershed

c)

Mouth

d)

Tributary

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