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Evolution Part 2 Adaptations and Speciation

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Any inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its environment is called (a)   .

Choose from the below words
an adaptation
a mutation
evolution
natural selection
2.

(a)   are mistakes in the DNA that cause variation within a species. Can be good, bad, or neutral

3.

The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called (a)  

Choose from the below words
theories
variations
vestigial organs
genes
4.

Which of the following means "change over time" Lamarck used this term 1st and influenced Charles Darwin to study this topic further and come up with his own Theory.

a)

natural selection

b)

speciation

c)

evolution

d)

isolation

5.
____ is when members of a species that are best suited for their environment survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of the species
a)
natural selection
b)
artificial selection
c)
speciation
d)
adaptation
6.
These moths are all the same species. The differences between their wings is an example of ________________
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Variation
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Extinction
7.
According to this evolutionary tree, birds are LEAST related to: 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles
8.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
9.

Whales have pelvic bones. What type of structure does this best represent?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

10.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following must be true in order for organisms to be considered the same species?

a)

They must be able to mate

b)

They must be able to produce viable offspring

c)

They must have structural similaries

d)

They must have the same bone structure

11.
What happens when species produce too many offspring?
a)
Species share the limited resources 
b)
Species eat less so that all can survive
c)
Only those that are least fit can survive
d)
Only those that are best fit can survive
12.
While at the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin found that:
a)
There were slight differences in finches from island to island
b)
There were slight differences in finches on the islands compared to the mainland
c)
The shape of the finches beaks were different on each island
d)
All possible multiple choice answers
13.
When a population becomes divided by an event such as a new river forming, ____________ has occurred.
a)
Differentiation 
b)
Isolation
c)
Adaptation
d)
Separation
14.
If an environment changes, populations with ______________ have a better chance of survival.
a)
No genetic variations
b)
Genetic variations
c)
A small number
d)
A large number
15.
The climate of a certain area is cold, and snow is found on the ground most of the year. Equal numbers of two populations of rabbits are introduced into this climate by a group of scientists. One of the populations is brown and the other is white. Predict what will happen over several generations.
a)
There will be equal numbers of brown and white rabbits
b)
There will be more brown rabbits that white rabbits
c)
There will be more white rabbits than brown rabbits
d)
There is no way to predict what will happen to the rabbit population
16.

Members of a species can breed with other members of the same species.

a)

True

b)

False

17.
___ are mistakes in the DNA that cause variation within a species.
a)
mutations
b)
adaptations
c)
speciations
d)
isolations
18.
Organisms with the most beneficial traits will survive.  This is commonly known as ___.
a)
theory of evolution
b)
variations
c)
survival of the fittest
d)
ecosystems
19.

Evolution is...

a)

changes in inherited traits over time and the new specie cannot reproduce successfully with the old er species.

b)

natural process that passes favorable traits

c)

historical timeline of fossils

d)

the process in which an animal dies out

20.

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

a)

species

b)

Darwin

c)

evolution

d)

taxonomy

21.

Hummingbirds have a beak just the right length to reach the nectar in a cardinal flower and as they feed their foreheads bump into the pollen structure. Cardinal flowers are red which hummingbirds can see but bees can’t. Cardinal flower’s pollen structure is just the right length for the hummingbird to pick up pollen as it feeds

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

22.

Bees don’t see red, but do see yellow, blue, and ultra-violet light. Thus, bee-pollinated flowers are mostly yellow or blue with UV nectar guides (landing patterns) to guide the bee. They usually have a small, narrow floral tube to fit the tongue-length of that species of bee.

a)

Convergent Evolution

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

23.

Ants are the correct size and weight needed to open the flowers for the peony plant. The peony plant provides food for the ant and the ant fertilizes the peony’s flowers

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

24.

Phylogeny is...

a)

The study of classification of different species

b)

The study of the evolutionary history of a species

c)

The study of prehistoric life

d)

The study of the distribution of different species

25.

Cladograms show...

a)

Evolutionary relationships between different species

b)

How one species has evolved through time

c)

Which species has evolved the most

d)

Which species have evolved from other species

26.

Based on the data given in the table, which two are most closely related?

a)

Human & Gorilla

b)

Gorilla & Orangutan

c)

Human & Chimpanzee

d)

Chimpanzee & Orangutan

27.

Two organisms change in response to each other forming a specialized relationship.

a)

Coevolution

b)

Convergent Evolution

c)

Gradualism

d)

Extinction

28.

Elimination of a species.

a)

Extinction

b)

Gradualism

c)

Coevolution

d)

Adaptive radiation

29.

A shark's long gills, fins, and teeth make it a superior underwater predator. These are all examples of ___________ critical to the shark's survival.

a)

coevolutions

b)

adaptations

c)

variations

d)

characteristics

30.

A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of isolation is this?

a)

Behavioral isolation

b)

Temporal isolation

c)

Geographic isolation

31.

If a population becomes isolated from other populations of the same species and then genetic differences start to occur, what happens?

a)

Competition

b)

Extinction

c)

Speciation

d)

Fossils form

32.

Based on the image above, what type of Isolation is shown?

a)

Geographic Isolation

b)

Behavioral Isolation

c)

Temporal Isolation

33.

Fireflies make a pattern of flashes that attract mates of their own species. What type of isolation is this?

a)

Geographic Isolation

b)

Behavioral Isolation

c)

Temporal Isolation

34.

Two species of whales are divided by a physical barrier that connects two continents. What type of isolation is this?

a)

Geographic Isolation

b)

Behavioral Isolation

c)

Temporal Isolation

35.

One species of lizard breeds in the spring, one breeds in the summer. What type of isolation is this?

a)

Geographic Isolation

b)

Behavioral Isolation

c)

Temporal Isolation

36.

What are evolutionary trees called? (More than one answer)

a)

Punctuated Equilibrium

b)

Phylogenic Tree

c)

Gradualism

d)

Cladogram

37.

Which organism is most closely related to the cat?

a)

Fish

b)

Frog

c)

Salamander

d)

Goose

e)

Human

38.
Using this picture, what defense is this Hawk Moth displaying?
a)

camouflage

b)

emitting smells

c)

mimicry

d)

panting

39.

The arctic fox and snowshoe hare develop a white coat of fur during the winter months. What statement best describes this behavioral response?

a)

The color of the fur will attract a mate

b)

White fur allows the animals to reflect light and stay warm

c)

Snow falls during the winter and the white fur will camouflage the animals

d)

It becomes colder during the winter, so these animals need more fur to stay warm

40.

Which adaptation is this organism using?

a)

singing

b)

feet

c)

mimicry and camouflage

d)

adaptations to hunt

41.

What type of camouflage do zebras use to hide from their prey?

a)

Disruptive Camouflage

b)

Concealing Camouflage

42.

Which animals use camouflage?

a)

Arctic Fox

b)

Zebra

c)

Emperor Penguin

d)

Walrus

e)

Reindeer

43.

Which animals use mimicry?

a)

Butterfly Fish

b)

Viceroy Butterfly

c)

Leaf-Tailed Gecko

d)

Sargassum Nudibranch

e)

Zebra

44.

Animals use camouflage...

a)

to hunt or hide

b)

for fun

c)

to sleep

45.

How do zebra stripes protect the zebra?

a)

When zebras run as a herd,stripes help the predators pick out one zebra.

b)

When zebras run as a herd,stripes help the zebras by not letting the predator pick out one zebra because they blend together and look like a blur of stripes.

c)

The zebra stripes don't have a purpose.

46.

Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?

a)

The color patterns of the offspring of each species

b)

How much the size ranges of the two species differ

c)

The methods of protein synthesis that each species uses

d)

How closely related the two species are to each other.

47.

The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they-

a)

Belong to the same species

b)

Must range great distances to eat

c)

Have very similar skeletal structures

d)

Are descended from a common ancestor

48.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Which organism is the least related to the other three organisms?

a)

organism 1

b)

organism 2

c)

organism 3

d)

organism 4

49.

Bactrian camels, dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas are all members of the same taxonomic family, Camelidae. Members of this family all have two toes, no hooves, true canine teeth, and a split upper lip. The family Camelidae originated in North America. The physical features of animals in this family and the family's geographical origin provide evidence that all these animals -

a)

live in the same type of ecosystem

b)

have slowly evolved to become herbivores

c)

have a common ancestor

d)

exchanged DNA at some point in the past

50.

Three species of lizards of the genus Gallotia are found on the Canary Islands, a chain of seven volcanic islands off the wet coast of Africa. The easternmost island, Lanzarote, is the oldest, while the westernmost island, El Hierro, is the youngest. The distribution of lizard species is shown on the map. Which statement about the ancestry of the lizards from the genus Gallotia is best supported by this information?

a)

The common ancestor of the lizards first colonized the island of El Hierro

b)

The ancestors of each species came from different continents at different times

c)

the common ancestor of the lizards probably came from Africa

d)

The ancestors of each species evolved in Spain and were brought to the islands at the same time