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2023 Astronomy Spring Final Exam Review

Total questions: 201

Worksheet time: 2hrs 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The earth is a tilted planet. What is the degree of tilt?
a)
Approximately 25 degrees
b)
Exactly 25 degrees
c)
23.5 degrees
d)
90 degrees with respect to the sun
2.
One rotation of Earth is equal to:
a)
A day
b)
A year
c)
A month
d)
A minute
3.
If it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, then it is _________ in the Northern Hemisphere.
a)
Spring
b)
Summer
c)
Fall
d)
Winter
4.
In winter in the northern hemisphere, the axis of the earth is pointed:
a)
Toward the sun
b)
Up
c)
Down
d)
Away form the sun
5.
What causes the moon's phases?
a)
Where you are standing on Earth
b)
The amount of sunlight reflected onto the moon from the sun
c)
The tilt of the Earth
d)
How fast the moon is moving
6.

Which astronomer most influentially suggested a heliocentric model?

a)

Plato

b)

Brahe

c)

Copernicus

d)

Newton

7.

Who was the first astronomer to use a telescope for astronomy?

a)

Brahe

b)

Newton

c)

Hubble

d)

Galileo

8.

What did Kepler develop?

a)

The geocentric model

b)

The first telescope

c)

Spectroscopy

d)

The laws of planetary motion

9.

Who published the theory of gravity?

a)

Hubble

b)

Newton

c)

Brahe

d)

Galileo

10.

Where is the earth in the heliocentric model?

a)

orbiting in the middle of the solar system

b)

At the center of the solar system

c)

orbiting the outskirts of the solar system

d)

Not in a solar system

11.

Where is earth in the geocentric model?

a)

Orbiting around the middle of the solar system

b)

At the center of the solar system

c)

orbiting in the outskirts of the solar system

d)

Not in a solar system

12.

Why was the discovery of Jupiter’s moons so important?

a)

It proved the theory of gravity

b)

It supported the heliocentric model

c)

It proved Kepler's Laws

d)

It proved there could be multiple moons

13.

What did Edwin Hubble do?

a)

Created the first light telescope

b)

Discover Neptune

c)

Propose the theory of gravity

d)

Confirm there are other galaxies

14.
Tycho Brahe's biggest contribution to astronomy was...?
a)
Accurate Observations of the stars and planets
b)
His telescopic observations
c)
Heliocentric Universe
d)
His Silver Nose
15.
Astronomer Johannes Kepler...
a)
Published Almagest
b)
Invented the first Radio Telescope
c)
Suggested elliptical orbits for the planets
d)
Was made head astronomer for the Church
16.

Ancient Greeks believed, the earth to be the centre of the universe. What do we call this model?

a)

Copernican Model

b)

Geocentric Universe

c)

Heliocentric Universe

17.

Developed the 3 laws of planetary motion.

a)

Kepler

b)

Newton

c)

Copernicus

d)

Galilleo

18.

When is Earth closest to the Sun?

a)

January

b)

March

c)

July

d)

September

19.

What causes Earth’s seasons?

a)

Earth’s distance from the Sun

b)

The ocean

c)

Earth’s tilted axis

d)

Fluctuating heat from the Sun

20.

What is an equinox?

a)

When Earth is the furthest from the Sun

b)

The hottest or coldest day of the year

c)

When Earth is closest to the Sun

d)

When there are equal hours of day and night

21.

During which season in the Northern Hemisphere is Earth closest to the Sun?

a)

winter

b)

spring

c)

summer

d)

fall

22.
What effect does the tilt of the earth have?
a)
It changes the angle that the sun strikes the earth in different land areas
b)
It causes the earth to be farther away from the sun at different times of the year
c)
When the earth is tilted away from the sun we have night
d)
When the earth is tilted away from the sun we have day
23.

Which of these light types cannot be captured by a telescope?

a)

Radio waves

b)

Microwaves

c)

Ultraviolet

d)

All of them can be captured

24.
The type of light humans can see is called ___________ light.
a)
electromagnetic
b)
red
c)
white
d)
visible
25.
Why must Ultra-Violet observing be done in space?
a)
The ozone blocks most of the UV rays in the surface.
b)
It’s hard to know exactly where the ozone hole will be to find UV images
c)
It’s hard to use UV telescopes and radio telescopes together on the surface.
d)
It’s hard to use UV X-Ray telescopes and radio telescopes together on the surface
26.

Shortest wavelength, highest frequency wave

a)

UV

b)

Radio

c)

Microwave

d)

Gamma

27.

The main advantage of using orbital observatories like the Hubble Space Telescope is that __________.

a)

they are easier to use than land-based telescopes.

b)

they are cheaper to build than land-based telescopes.

c)

they can look anywhere in the universe at any time.

d)

they avoid the distortion and absorption of electromagnetic waves by the atmosphere.

28.

The interpretation of patterns and brightness of waves of light.

a)

Law of matter

b)

Spectroscopy

c)

Law of Light

d)

Astronomy

29.

Spectral lines are considered the ______ of an astronomical object.

a)

brain

b)

strength

c)

fingerprint

d)

birth

30.

The James Webb Space Telescope collects ______ light.

a)

visible

b)

infrared

c)

ultraviolet

d)

microwave

31.
What is the MAJOR problem with trying to see stars in or near a city?
a)
Not as many people with telescopes
b)
Light pollution
c)
Clouds
d)
The stars are too far away.
32.
Why is the Hubble telescope located in space?
a)
So it can be closer to the stars it magnifies
b)
They have very large optical lenses
c)
So its images arent distorted by Earth's atmosphere 
d)
So it can be operated by astronauts 
33.

When you look at a galaxy that is 2 billion light years away, you see the galaxy as it was ___________ years ago.

a)

2 billion

b)

2 million

c)

zero

d)

20 billion

34.

What is the correct order of the visible light spectrum?

a)

Red, yellow, orange, blue, violet, indigo

b)

Violet, purple, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange

c)

Green, yellow, blue, indigo, red, orange,

d)

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

35.

What wave has the longest wavelength and lowest energy?

a)

Gamma rays

b)

Infrared

c)

Radio

d)

Visible light

36.

An example of a wave with a short wavelength and high energy is a

a)

Gamma Ray

b)

Microwave

c)

Visible light wave

d)

Infrared wave

37.

X-rays are absorbed by the atmosphere. Where is the best location for an x-ray telescope?

a)

On top of a mountain

b)

At sea level

c)

In space

d)

Underground

38.
A light year is the 
a)
distance that light travels in one year
b)
Speed at which light travels 
39.
The average distance between the earth and the sun is the 
a)
astronomical unit 
b)
Light year
40.

Why do we use light years and astronomical units to measure distances in space?

a)

Scientists want to sound smart.

b)

Hubble discovered these units and wanted to use them.

c)

Space is too small to use km, it wouldn't make sense.

d)

Space is too big, vast, enormous to use traditional units, like miles or kilometres.

41.
The formation of elements is known as _________.
a)
nucleotides
b)
Synthogenesis
c)
nuclear fission
d)
nucleosynthesis
42.

Which process produced Star’s energy?

a)

combustion

b)

decomposition

c)

nuclear fission

d)

nuclear fusion

43.

There are _____ constellations named by early astronomers.

a)

78

b)

88

c)

68

d)

98

44.
A constellation is a group of visible ____ that form a pattern when viewed from Earth.  
a)
planets
b)
stars
c)
patterns
d)
creatures
45.
People in the Northern Hemisphere do see the same constellations as the people in the Southern Hemisphere.
a)
True
b)
False
46.
The sky is divided into ____ constellations.
a)
11
b)
22
c)
44
d)
88
47.
The term Zodiac refers to ...
a)
the light from Saturn's rings
b)
the head of the Celestial Empire
c)
a method for making astrological predictions
d)
a group of constellations lying near the ecliptic
48.

These constellations circle the North Star and never appear to go below the horizon.

a)

Circumpolar Constellations

b)

Northern Constellations

c)

Southern Constellations

d)

Zodiac Constellations

49.

Why are some constellations not seen in certain months?

a)

Because the earth revolves around the sun.

b)

Because the brightness of the sun outshines their visibility.

c)

Because of the gravity that affects the rotation and revolution of the earth.

d)

Because of the tidal waves attracting each other, creating a huge tsunami that washed out the constellation.

50.

Why does Polaris not seem to move during the night?

a)

Because it is located directly above the North Pole

b)

Because it is fixed in the sky

c)

Because Ursa Minor does not move

d)

Because it revolves around the Sun with Earth

51.

Stars are still in the sky during the day, we just can't see them because of the sun's light.

a)

True

b)

False

52.

When the Moon casts a shadow on Earth.

a)

New Moon

b)

Full Moon

c)

lunar eclipse

d)

solar eclipse

53.

Which eclipse is this?

a)

solar eclipse

b)

lunar eclipse

54.

When the Moon moves into Earth's shadow.

a)

solar eclipse

b)

nighttime

c)

lunar eclipse

55.

What is the moon phase during a lunar eclipse?

a)

Full Moon

b)

New Moon

56.

Which type of eclipse is this?

a)

solar eclipse

b)

lunar eclipse

57.
This image is an example of 
a)
Lunar Eclipse
b)
New Moon
c)
Solar Eclipse
d)
Full Moon
58.
This image is an example of
a)
Lunar Eclipse
b)
Full Moon
c)
New Moon
d)
Solar Eclipse
59.
During a solar eclipse...
a)
The sun is blocked by the moon
b)
The Earth is blocked moon
c)
The moon is blocked by the sun
d)
You are blocked
60.

What is this moon phase?

a)

waxing crescent

b)

1st quarter

c)

waning gibbous

d)

3rd quarter

61.

What is this moon phase?

a)

waxing crescent

b)

1st quarter

c)

waning gibbous

d)

3rd quarter

62.

What is this moon phase?

a)

new moon

b)

full moon

c)

1st quarter

d)

waxing gibbous

63.

What is this moon phase?

a)

waning gibbous

b)

waxing gibbous

c)

new moon

d)

full moon

64.

What is this moon phase?

a)

1st quarter

b)

waning crescent

c)

waxing crescent

d)

waxing gibbous

65.

What is this moon phase?

a)

full moon

b)

waxing gibbous

c)

waning gibbous

d)

3rd quarter

66.

What is this moon phase?

a)

3rd quarter

b)

1st quarter

c)

waning gibbous

d)

waxing crescent

67.

What is this moon phase?

a)

new moon

b)

waxing crescent

c)

3rd quarter

d)

waning crescent

68.

What does waxing mean?

a)

illumination is getting smaller on the left

b)

illumination is getting smaller on the right

c)

illumination is getting bigger on the left

d)

illumination is getting bigger on the right

69.

What does waning mean?

a)

illumination is getting bigger on the right

b)

illumination is getting smaller on the left

c)

illumination is getting smaller on the right

d)

illumination is getting bigger on the left

70.

What causes moon phases?

a)

The moon is half illuminated by the sun and as it orbits the earth, we see different amounts of that illumination.

b)

Mrs. Turman causes moon phases.

c)

The moon is always completely illuminated by the sun and as it rotates we see some of it.

d)

The moon is never illuminated by the sun and as it spins around we see none of it.

71.

Which statement best explains why the same side of the Moon is viewed from Earth as the Moon goes through its phases?

a)

The Moon does not rotate as it revolves around Earth.

b)

The Moon’s period of rotation equals Earth’s period of rotation.

c)

The Moon’s period of rotation equals Earth’s period of revolution around the Sun.

d)

The Moon’s period of rotation equals the Moon’s period of revolution around Earth.

72.
natural satellites
a)
Eclipse
b)
Phases
c)
Moons
d)
Comets
73.

What is the moon's source of light?

a)

The Earth

b)

The Sun

c)

It naturally glows by itself

d)

Other Planets

74.
How many days does it take for the moon to revolve around the earth? 
a)
30
b)
29.5
c)
27.5
d)
27
75.

What makes a habitable planet?

a)

It is very close to its star.

b)

It has liquid water.

c)

It can sustain life.

d)

It can not have oxygen.

76.

What is a star?

a)

A sphere of burning gas

b)

A sphere of plasma attracted to a solid iron core

c)

A sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity undergoing nuclear fusion

d)

A very large planet that can perform nuclear fusion

77.

What is the heaviest element that stars can fuse?

a)

Helium

b)

Oxygen

c)

Gold

d)

Iron

78.

How do low mass stars die?

a)

They cool slowly as red dwarfs

b)

They become white dwarfs

c)

They undergo a supernova

d)

They become black holes

79.

Which layer of a star do we see?

a)

Corona

b)

Photosphere

c)

Radiative zone

d)

The core

80.

Which layer of the Sun can only be seen during a total solar eclipse?

a)

Corona

b)

Photosphere

c)

Convective zone

d)

Sunspots

81.

How do high mass stars die?

a)

They become neutron stars

b)

They become blackholes

c)

They become a white dwarf

d)

They become neutron stars OR They become blackholes

82.

How do average mass stars die?

a)

They become a planetary nebula

b)

They become blackholes

c)

They become a white dwarf

d)

They become a planetary nebula with a White Dwarf at their center

83.

Which stars live the longest?

a)

High Mass Stars

b)

Low Mass Stars

c)

Average Mass Stars

d)

All stars live the same amount

84.

What part of a star is where energy from nuclear fusion is radiated out from the core?

a)

Covective Zone

b)

Core

c)

Photosphere

d)

Radiative Zone

85.

What part of a star is where currents transport heat away from the center and toward the outer layers?

a)

Corona

b)

Core

c)

Photosphere

d)

Convective Zone

86.

What are two reasons that stars in the night sky could appear brighter than other stars?

a)

The distance of the star and the power of the star

b)

The distance of the star and the color of the star

c)

The power of the star and the size of the star

87.
What is the name of the gas/dust clouds where all stars form?
a)
Nebulas
b)
Protostars 
c)
Supernova
d)
Neutron Star
88.
The life cycles of stars are determined by their:
a)
mass (size)
b)
color
c)
distance from Earth
d)
luminosity
89.

The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram graphs stars' luminosity and ....

a)

color

b)

size

c)

temperature

d)

distance

90.

The Sun is a ___________ star.

a)

red giant

b)

main sequence

c)

protostar

d)

white dwarf

91.

Ninety percent of all stars are ______ .

a)

white dwarfs

b)

supergiants

c)

red giants

d)

main sequence stars

92.

A star's temperature determines its ________.

a)

size

b)

color

c)

name

d)

health

93.
Compared to the rest of the stars, our sun is considered...
a)
Extremely Large and Cold
b)
Small with a medium temperature
c)
Medium size with medium temperature
94.
Red stars are the _____________.
a)
hottest
b)
coolest
c)
biggest
d)
brightest
95.
Blue stars are the _____________.
a)
hottest
b)
coolest
c)
smallest
96.
Which star has the lowest temperature?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
97.
Which spectral class does our star, the sun, belong to?
a)
M
b)
K
c)
G
d)
F
98.

In Nuclear Fusion....

a)

Hydrogen is converted into Helium

b)

Protons are converted into Electrons

c)

Gas is converted into Dust

d)

White Dwarves are converted into Red Giants

99.
The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is its 
a)
apparent brightness.
b)
absolute brightness.
c)
parallax.
d)
reflective brightness.
100.
A very bright star can seem to be dimmer because it is 
a)
further away
b)
cooler in temperature
c)
very close
d)
batteries are dying
101.

The luminosity of a star describes its ______________.

a)

brightness

b)

temperature

c)

age

d)

color

102.
Characteristics used to classify stars include
a)
distance, size, and color.
b)
size, distance, and brightness.
c)
color, brightness, and distance.
d)
size, brightness, and temperature.
103.
The absolute brightness of a star depends on its
a)
distance and temperature.
b)
size and temperature.
c)
color and temperature.
d)
distance and color.
104.
Which layer of the sun is the hottest?
a)
Photosphere
b)
Chromosphere
c)
Corona
d)
Core
105.
What is an explosion on the sun that gives out huge amounts of energy?
a)
Sun Spot
b)
Solar Flare
c)
Sun Ray
d)
Sun Gases
106.

Watching for solstices and equinoxes helped ancient cultures plan:

a)

when to start planting and harvesting seasons.

b)

when to declare war

c)

when to look for constellations

d)

when to reset the calendar

107.

What term names the four inner planets of our solar system?

a)

sidereal planets

b)

terrestrial planets

c)

close planets

d)

life planets

108.

Which of the inner planets has the hottest average temperature?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

109.

Of all the planets in our solar system, which planet, overall, is the MOST like Earth?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Mars

c)

Mercury

d)

Venus

110.

How many years ago did the Sun form?

a)

4.5

b)

4.5 million

c)

4.5 billion

d)

4.5 trillion

111.

How does the path of the sun in the sky change with our seasons?

a)

It is highest at noon and has a longer arc during the summer.

b)

It is lowest at noon and has a largest arc during the winter.

c)

It is lowest at noon and has the largest arc in summer.

d)

It is highest at noon and has the smallest arc during the summer.

112.

How are energy and wavelength related within the electromagnetic spectrum?

a)

as wavelength decreases energy increases

b)

as wavelength increases so does energy

c)

energy has no effect on wavelength

d)

as wavelegth decreases so does energy level

113.

What do both emission and absorption spectra tell us about the matter involved in their creation

a)

density of the matter

b)

mass of the matter

c)

composition of the matter

d)

volume of the mattter

114.

What caused the inner planets to develop like they did?

a)

being far from the Sun's heat allowed them to accumulate large amounts of volatiles

b)

being near the Sun's heat left them with only rocky and metallic materials

c)

being in the Oort cloud allowed their volatiles to freeze and become stable

d)

their large gravity allowed them to hold onto a large amount of volatiles

115.

What type of material is the asteroid belt primarily made of?

a)

ice and gas

b)

rock and metal

c)

gas

d)

ice

116.

How is the age of our solar system determined

a)

relative dating of Earth's layers

b)

radiometric dating of rocks and meteors

c)

direct observation

d)

comparing our solar system to others the galaxy

117.

Why is Pluto not a planet?

a)

it is not speherical

b)

it has not swept its orbit clear of similar sized objects

c)

it has a highly eliptical orbit

d)

it has a retrograde orbit

118.

The theory describing the formation of our solar system is the:

a)

Big Bang Theory

b)

Solar Nebula Theory

c)

Giant Impact Theory

d)

Stellar Evolution Theory

119.

Which two parts of the solar system host most comet nuclei?

a)

the Oort Cloud and the Asteroid Belt

b)

the Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt

c)

the Asteroid Belt and Kuiper Belt

d)

The Rings of Jupiter and Saturn

120.

Which of the following represent the correct sequence of events in planet formation

a)

condensation--- protoplanetary disk -- interstellar cloud --- accretion of planetesimals-- planet formation

b)

interstellar cloud--- protoplanetary disk -- condensation--- accretion of planetesimals-- planet formation

c)

condensation--interstellar cloud---protoplanetary disk--accretion of planetesimals-- planet formation

d)

accretion of planetstimals -- condensation -- interstellar cloud--protoplanetary disk -- planet formation

121.

What is not a type of galaxy

a)

circular

b)

spiral

c)

eliptical

d)

irregular

122.

Galaxy collision can explain the appearance of many __________ galaxies.

a)

irregular

b)

elliptical

c)

young

d)

spiral

123.
One rotation of Earth is equal to:
a)
A day
b)
A year
c)
A month
d)
A minute
124.
The outer planets are
a)
less dense, gas giants
b)
more dense, gas giants
c)
more dense, terrestrial planets
d)
less dense, terrestrial planets
125.

Order the planets from greatest mass to least mass

a)

Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Neptune, Jupiter, Uranus, and Saturn

b)

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

c)

Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

d)

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, and Mercury

126.

Which planet has a ring system?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Neptune

d)

All of the above

127.

What do all of the inner planets have in common?

a)

They all have rings

b)

They all have abundant liquid water

c)

They all have many moons

d)

They all are small and have rocky surfaces

128.

The ____________ the planetary surface is, the ____________ craters should be present.

a)

older / younger

b)

younger / more

c)

older / more

d)

older / fewer

129.
A chunk of metal or rock that strikes or hits the Earth’s surface.
a)
Meteorite
b)
Meteor
c)
Meteoroid
d)
Comet
130.
A streak of light called a shooting star which occurs when piece of rock that enters Earth's atmosphere and begins to burn.
a)
meteoroid
b)
comet
c)
meteor
d)
meteorite
131.

How many years are in a sunspot cycle

a)

4.5 million

b)

29

c)

11

d)

19

132.
What is the name for this giant loop of energy leaping from the solar surface? 
a)
aurora
b)
prominence
c)
solar flare
d)
sunspot
133.

These can disrupt electronics on Earth.

a)

Sunspots

b)

Solar flares

c)

Prominences

d)

Meteorites

134.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
135.
Astronomers would see planets moving in one direction across the sky and then they would start to move backwards and then forward again.  What was this observation called?
a)
ellispse
b)
retrograde motion
c)
eccentricity
d)
perihelion
136.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
137.

Which of these stars is hottest and brightest?

a)

Spica

b)

Vega

c)

Polux

d)

Centauri B

138.

Which star would you call a red giant?

a)

Polaris

b)

Sirius

c)

Betelgeuse

d)

DX Cancri

139.
When our Sun dies, it will end up as a
a)
White Dwarf
b)
Black Hole
c)
Neutron Star
d)
Super Giant
140.
Black holes come in different sizes, but for all of them, the escape velocity is ___
a)
a fraction of the speed of light
b)
nearing the speed of light
c)
at the speed of light
d)
greater than the speed of light
141.
Which of the following would be the dimmest star? 
a)
-15
b)
-5
c)
0
d)
25
142.

Which star is the brightest?

a)

Sirius

b)

Alderban

c)

Rigel

d)

Sun

143.

The Milky Way galaxies is a(n) _______________ galaxy.

a)

Spiral

b)

Barred Spiral

c)

Irregular

d)

Eliptical

144.

In the Milky Way where would you find our solar system?

a)

in the center

b)

near the center

c)

one of the spiral arms

d)

on the outside edge

145.
Andromeda Galaxy has a central core with arms swirling out around it with lots of gases and stars would be this type of galaxy.
a)
Spiral Galaxy
b)
Irregular Galaxy
c)
Quasar
d)
Elliptical Galaxy
146.
What type of galaxy is shown in this image?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Irrational
147.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
spiral
b)
elliptical
c)
irregular
d)
quasar
148.

Select the description that best describes galaxies

a)

a collection of stars

b)

a collection of stars held together by gravity

c)

a collection of gas and stars held together by gravity

d)

a collection of dust, gas and stars held together by gravity

149.

Because the spectrum of the galaxies has a redshift they are moving

a)

away from us

b)

towards us

c)

at the same speed as us

d)

very, very slowly

150.

Dark matter is inferred to exist because:

a)

we see lots of dark patches in the sky

b)

it explains how the expansion of the universe can be accelerating

c)

we can observe its gravitational influence on visible matter

d)

it doesn't emit light

151.
Edwin Hubble's used the evidence of red-shift, which provided support for the big bang theory.  Which of the following statements is true?
a)
Galaxies are moving away from the center of the universe.
b)
Galaxies are moving toward the center of the universe.
c)
Galaxies are moving at the same speed.
d)
Galaxies are decreasing in temperature as the universe contracts.
152.

What is meant by "dark energy"?

a)

energy associated with dark matter through E=mc2

b)

doesn't emit any light

c)

the repulsive agent causing the universal expansion to accelerate

d)

highly energetic particles that are believed to constitute dark matter

153.
Scientists think the moon was formed when
a)
a large object struck Earth, and ejected material from the collision combined.
b)
gravitational forces attracted a moon formed elsewhere in space.
c)
meteoroids collected and solidified within the pull of Earth’s gravity.
d)
gases from Earth escaped from the atmosphere and condensed in space.
154.
_____ are flat areas, once flooded with lava, on the moon’s surface. 
a)
Maria
b)
Craters
155.
What scientific principle explains why Venus’ surface is so hot?
a)
Convection zone
b)
Greenhouse effect
c)
Nuclear fusion
d)
Prominence
156.
The planet Jupiter is composed of 
a)
solid hydrogen and helium ice from the surface to the core.
b)
liquid metals with a thin atmosphere of oxygen gas.
c)
a liquid water core surrounded by a surface of heavy rock.
d)
a small rocky core surrounded by a thick atmosphere of hydrogen and helium.
157.
Which form a electromagnetic radiation (imaged here) helped support the Big Bang Theory?
a)
Microwave
b)
Infrared
c)
Ultraviolet
d)
Gamma
158.

Which star is a white dwarf?

a)

Aldebaran

b)

Sirius B

c)

Polaris

d)

Naos

159.

Which star is a main sequence star?

a)

Aldebaran

b)

Sirius B

c)

Polaris

d)

Vega

160.

Which star is most likely to produce a supernova?

a)

Aldebaran

b)

Sirius B

c)

Polaris

d)

Naos

161.

Which star is the hottest?

a)

Aldebaran

b)

Sirius B

c)

Vega

d)

Naos

162.

Which star has a spectral class of F?

a)

Aldebaran

b)

Polaris

c)

Vega

d)

Naos

163.

Which stars are the oldest?

a)

Main Sequence

b)

White dwarf

c)

Supergiant

d)

Red Giant

164.
As the Sun ages, what type of star will it become next?
a)
Main Sequence
b)
White Dwarf
c)
Red Giant
d)
Red Dwarf
165.
Which stars will likely have the shortest life-span?
a)
White Dwarf
b)
Red Giant
c)
Red Dwarf
d)
Blue Supergiant
166.
Approximately how old do scientists estimate the universe to be?
a)
4.6 billion yeards
b)
10 billion years
c)
13.7 billion years
d)
26 billion years
167.
Which galaxy is most likely the oldest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
168.
Which galaxy is probably the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
169.
Which galaxy pictured is a true spiral?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
170.
Which galaxy pictured above is irregular?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
171.
Because the moon rotates once for each revolution around Earth,
a)
you see some phases more than others.
b)
a different side of the moon faces Earth each day.
c)
you never see the far side of the moon from Earth.
d)
the far side of the moon is visible only during the full moon phase.
172.

Which elements are most

abundant in the visible

universe?

a)

Hydrogen and Carbon

b)

Carbon and Helium

c)

Hydrogen and Oxygen

d)

Hydrogen and Helium

173.
The universe is expanding!  This means that:
a)
all of the galaxies are spreading out.
b)
the universe must have started from a single point.
c)
the universe is cooling down.
d)
all of the above.
174.
Made of ice, dust and gas
a)
asteroid
b)
meteoroid
c)
comet
d)
meteor
175.
Ceres is the largest one of these. 
a)
asteroid
b)
meteoroid
c)
comet
d)
meteor
176.

Choose what is being described in each statement by checking the correct box.


Stony or metallic object smaller than planets

a)

Asteroid

b)

Comet

c)

Meteoroid

177.

Who supported the Geocentric system?

a)

Ptolemy

b)

Aristotle

c)

Copernicus

d)

Galileo

178.

What does the Geocentric system look like?

a)
b)
c)
d)
179.

What does the Heliocentric system look like?

a)
b)
c)
d)
180.

Which astronomer first observed the phases of Venus and Jupiter's moons with the help of a telescope?

a)

Gailieo

b)

Aristarchus

c)

Kepler

d)

Aristotle

e)

Copernicus

181.

Stars are round due to a balance of forces. What is the name of the balance?

a)

radiation pressure

b)

nuclear fusion

c)

gravity

d)

hydrostatic equilibrium

182.

Why will our sun not become a supernova?

a)

It is too bright

b)

It is too small

c)

It is too large

d)

It is too old

183.

What are the 5 properties of stars?

a)

Mass, size, distance, color, and dimension.

b)

Mass, size, brightness, temperature, and color.

c)

Size, dimension, distance, color, and temperature.

d)

Distance, brightness, color, mass, and size.

184.

The processes responsible for virtually all surface geology are:

a)

convection, conduction & radiation

b)

impact cratering, volcanisms, tectonics & erosion

c)

accretion, differentiation & radioactive decay

d)

eruptions, lava & gases

185.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR, or CBR) supports the Big Bang Theory because
a)
all galaxies are moving closer together.
b)
the observed microwave temperature matches with predictions of the theory.
c)
all galaxies are not moving apart at all.
d)
the microwaves are getting higher in temperature as the Universe ages.
186.

What is a solar wind?

a)

The surface of the sun

b)

Darker, cooler areas of the sun

c)

Outer layer of the sun

d)

Constant flow of tiny, fast, electrically charged particles

187.

What is needed for fusion to occur

a)

High density and low pressure

b)

High temperatures and low pressure

c)

High pressure and high temperature

d)

Low pressure and temperature

188.

These are the pretty lights that occur at the north and south poles. They are also known as the Northern and Southern Lights.

a)

Photosphere

b)

Aurora

c)

Radiation Zone

d)

Solar wind

189.

Identify part 7. It is cooler, darker areas on the surface of the sun.

a)

sunspot

b)

solar flare

c)

corona

d)

radiation zone

190.

Which of the following theories states that the universe began as a single point and has been expanding ever since?

a)

The Big Bang Theory

b)

Simultaneous formation theory

c)

Impact Theory

d)

Collision Theory

191.

Select all of the alternatives names to the "outer planets" (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

a)

Jovian Planets

b)

Gas Giants

c)

Terrestrial Planets

d)

Rocky Planets

192.

Select all of the common characteristics of the inner (terrestrial) planets

a)

Have the layers: crust, mantle, core

b)

Have evidence of once having geologic activity (volcanoes, earthquakes)

c)

Once had ice rings that have since melted

d)

Have ice at the center of their cores

193.

Jovian planets share which of the following characteristics, making them very different from terrestrial planets like Venus or Mars?

a)

large mass, no solid surface, many moons, ring systems

b)

rocky surface, few or no moons, liquid water

c)

plate tectonics, many impact craters, small size

d)

ring systems, few or no moons, rocky surface

194.

Though all four Jovian planets have ring systems, only Saturn possesses a bright set of rings that are spectacularly visible from Earth with a small telescope. Why do scientists believe Saturn's rings are so much brighter than the rings of other planets?

a)

Saturn's rings have a lot more reflective ice in them, probably because they are younger than those of other planets.

b)

They are probably kept glowing white hot by tidal heating from Saturn's gravity.

c)

They are tilted in the direction of Earth, so they are more visible to us.

d)

Saturn's rings are made of larger particles.

195.

A prediction based on observations that is testable.

a)

Conclusion

b)

Inferences

c)

Hypothesis

d)

Observations

196.

A massive explosion at the end of a stars life?

a)

Supernova

b)

Implosion

c)

Black Hole

d)

Main Sequence

197.

Where do Jovian planets form relative to the sun?

a)

close to the sun where temperatures are cooler

b)

close to the sun where temperatures are warmer

c)

further away from the sun where temperatures are cooler

d)

further away from the sun where temperatures are hotter

198.
Which of Jupiter's moons has a surface of frozen water ice with liquid water underneath?
a)
Io
b)
Europa
c)
Ganymede
d)
Callisto
199.
What is the name of Saturn's largest moon?
a)
Triton
b)
Titan
c)
Titania
d)
Ganymede
200.
Both Uranus and Neptune are mainly what color?
a)
Red
b)
Yellow
c)
Blue
d)
Tan
201.
What feature of the Jupiter system was first observed about 350 years ago?
a)
Galilean moons
b)
Great Dark Spot
c)
Great Red Spot
d)
Jupiter's rings

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