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Disease Unit- 2026

Total questions: 64

Worksheet time: 2hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Programmed cell death is known as

a)

Mitosis

b)

Division

c)

Apoptosis

d)

Controlosis

2.

True or False: Cancer cells are assigned a specific task, but do not function properly due to a mutation or damage to DNA.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

True or False: Normal cells have tumor or growth suppressors that control cell growth so that cells stop dividing when they need to.

a)

True

b)

False

4.

When enough cells have been made and are contacted on all sides by other cells around it, they stop dividing. This is known as...

a)

Mitosis

b)

Contact inhibition

c)

Oncogenesis

d)

Carcinogens

5.

True or False: Normal cells will self destruct if they have a disease or mutation so that the mutation doesn't spread.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

The process that cells use to make more cells for growth and repair is known as...

a)

Oncogenesis

b)

Apoptosis

c)

Mitosis

d)

Slimotosis

7.

What are the reasons a cell might undergo mitosis?

a)

If an organism is getting bigger or growing

b)

If old cells die

c)

If cells get damaged

d)

All of the above

8.

When a cell has a mutation, what is SUPPOSED to happen?

a)

Cell continues to divide anyway

b)

Cell undergoes apoptosis

c)

Cell divides until it reaches a high density

d)

Cell creates more mutations to fix the old mutation

9.

A gene is...

a)

A cancer cell

b)

Melanoma

c)

a section of DNA that codes for specific thing in a cell

d)

a whole chromosome

10.

Based on the image, what are the two types of vessels that can attach to a tumor? Check all that apply.

a)

Blood vessel

b)

Lung vessel

c)

Lymph vessel

d)

Neuron vessel

11.

95% of the cells life cycle

Stage where DNA is copied

a)

Interphase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Prophase

12.

Nuclear membrane disappears

Chromosomes can now be seen

Centrioles move to opposite sides

a)

Metaphase

b)

Interphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Prophase

13.

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

Spindle fibers extend from the centrioles to the middle of the chromosomes

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Interphase

14.

Chromatids separate

a)

Anaphase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Prophase

d)

Telophase

15.

Nuclear membrane reforms around the new daughter cells.

Cytoplasm begins to "pinch" in.

a)

Anaphase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Interphase

16.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
17.
The stages of mitosis in order
a)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase
b)
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
c)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d)
Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
18.
In the G1 stage of the cell cycle, the cell
a)
Grows
b)
Matures
c)
Carries on normal activities
d)
All of the above
19.

During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

a)

G1 phase

b)

G2 phase

c)

S phase

d)

M phase

20.

Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order: G2, S, G1, M. 

a)

S, G1, G2, M

b)

G1, S, G2, M

c)

G1, M, G2, S

d)

M, G1, S, G2

21.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
22.

Genes whose protein prevent cell division or lead to cell death.

a)

Proto-Oncogenes

b)

Oncogenes

c)

Tumor Suppressor Genes

23.

A disease caused by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells

a)

Cancer

b)

Osteoporosis

c)

Sickle Cell Anemia

d)

Arthritis

24.

Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of DNA

a)

Mutations

b)

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

c)

Mitosis

25.

What is the purpose of the cell cycle checkpoints?

a)

To make sure the cell isn't duplicating too fast

b)

They were there by chance and happen to help reduce the chances of cancer

c)

To make sure that all parts of the cell are healthy to avoid mutations

26.

A ________________is a critical point where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle

a)

tumor

b)

checkpoint

c)

growth factor

d)

oncogene

27.

Select all of the cell cycle checkpoints

a)

Cell growth checkpoint

b)

DNA synthesis checkpoint

c)

Cancer checkpoint

d)

Mitosis checkpoints

28.
What is cell differentiation?
a)
Process by which cells produce more cells
b)
Process by which cells become specialized
c)
Process by which cells become unspecialized
d)
Process by which cells die
29.

When is apoptosis initiated?

a)

When DNA damage is repaired.

b)

When cells are removed from the cell cycle.

c)

When DNA damage cannot be repaired.

30.
Uncontrolled cell division is stopped by...
a)
tumor suppressor genes
b)
oncogenes
31.

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure the correct number of chromosomes are present and attached to the spindle fibers

a)

G1 Checkpoint

b)

G2 Checkpoint

c)

M Checkpoint

d)

I Checkpoint

32.

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure all DNA has been replicated correctly.

a)

G1 Checkpoint

b)

S Checkpoint

c)

M Checkpoint

d)

I Checkpoint

33.
This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure environmental conditions are ideal for cell survival.
a)
G1 Checkpoint
b)
G2 Checkpoint
c)
M Checkpoint
d)
I Checkpoint
34.

During which stage of the cell cycle does the nucleus divide?

a)

interphase

b)

mitosis

c)

endocytosis

d)

cytokinesis

35.
What does DNA Replication mean?
a)
DNA is made.
b)
DNA makes new cells. 
c)
DNA copies itself.
d)
DNA starts the cell cycle.
36.
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
S phase
37.

What can cancer cells do that normal cells cannot?

a)

they do everything the same

b)

they regenerate their telomeres, preventing them from aging

c)

they go through cellular division

d)

they grow

38.

What gene is often mutated to become inactive which can lead to cancers?

a)

p57

b)

EVR 1

c)

p53

d)

telomerase

39.

The scientist who said that cells lose DNA with each cell division and therefore will only divide a finite number of times is

a)

James Watson

b)

Leonard Hayflick

c)

Albert Einstein

d)

Rachel Carson

40.

Suppose someone has more telomerase activity than normal, what would this indicate about that person's cells? (select all answers that apply)

a)

they could be cancerous

b)

their cells could be immortal

c)

their cells would die quickly

d)

they may have long telomeres

41.

The Hayflick limit involves

a)

the size a cell can reach before dividing

b)

a cell dividing about 50 times before it reaches senescence

c)

telomeres lengthening with each cell division

d)

None of the choices

42.

What process is being represented in this diagram?

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

mitosis

c)

meiosis

d)

DNA replication

43.

What process is being represented in this diagram?

a)

sexual reproduction

b)

mitosis

c)

meiosis

d)

DNA replication

44.

If an egg cell of an organism contains 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes should be present in a heart cell of the same organism?

a)

12

b)

24

c)

6

d)

48

45.

What is a gamete?

a)

a body cell (ex. skin or heart cell)

b)

an autosome

c)

a sex cell (ex. sperm or egg)

d)

a somatic cell

46.

How many chromosomes does a sex cell have compared to a body cell?

a)

twice as many

b)

the same amount

c)

the same, but replicated

d)

half as many

47.

Somatic cells are formed during what process?

a)

meiosis

b)

mitosis

c)

DNA replication

d)

interphase

48.

During which phase are sister chromatids lined up in a single file along the center of the cell?

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Telophase I

d)

Telophase II

49.

Name this phase of Meiosis:

a)

Prophase II

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Metaphase II

d)

Anaphase II

50.

In Anaphase II, the _________ separate.

a)

Homologues

b)

Sister Chromatids

c)

Tetrads

d)

Centrioles

51.
This image shows chromosomes during Prophase 1. Which of the following correctly describes the process shown?
a)
segregation of sister chromatids
b)
condensation and segregation of alleles
c)
mutationin which the DNA content of the gene is altered
d)
crossing - over in which alleles are exchanged
52.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Telophase I
b)
Metaphase II
c)
Telophase II
d)
Anaphase I
53.

Name this phase of Meiosis

a)

Anaphase II

b)

Anaphase I

c)

Metaphase I

d)

Metaphase II

54.

In which stage of MEIOSIS does crossing over occur? (The exchange of genetic material between chromosomes in a tetrad.)

a)

Anaphase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Prophase I

d)

Telophase I

55.
The end of meiosis results in  ____ to each other.
a)
2 cells that are identical
b)
4 cells that are identical
c)
2 cells that are not identical
d)
4 cells that are not identical
56.

Which of the following is the best definition for MEIOSIS?

a)

the process of two haploid cells uniting

b)

the counting of chromosomes within a diploid cell

c)

a two-step process that reduces the number of chromosomes in half such that there is only one copy of all the chromosomes

d)

the equational division of a cell into two identical copies

57.

Which phase of meiosis is shown in the picture?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Anaphase I

d)

Telophase I

58.

Which phase of meiosis is shown in the picture?

a)

prophase I

b)

metaphase I

c)

anaphase I

d)

telophase I

59.

Involves crossing over

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

60.

Ends with diploid number of chromosomes

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

61.

involves 1 division of nucleus

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

62.

produces identical daughter cells

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

63.

forms gametes

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

64.

produces haploid cells

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

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