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M+S23FR

Total questions: 44

Worksheet time: 11hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

_____ are underlying constructs that are not directly observable and cannot be measured by one single thing.

a)

Observable variables

b)

Factor variables

c)

Latent variables

d)

Multi variables

2.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)?

a)

CFA requires you to predetermine the number of factors.

b)

CFA is best used in situation where you have no expectations of what the outcome of your analysis would be.

c)

CFA requires you to predetermine which observable variables are related to each factor.

d)

CFA requires you to predetermine a specific hypothesis.

3.

Which of the following statements regarding exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is NOT correct?

a)

EFA involves a specific hypothesis based on previous research or theory.

b)

EFA identifies the factor structure.

c)

EFA can explain a maximum variance amount.

d)

EFA does not require you to predetermine the number of factors or the relationship between the factors and the observed variables.

4.

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary goals of factor analysis?

a)

Determine how many factors underlie a set of observable variables.

b)

Provide a method of explaining variance among observable variables by using fewer, newly created factors.

c)

Define the meaning or content of the observable variables.

d)

Reduce data by allowing us to extract a small set of factors from a larger set of observable variables.

5.

What is factor analysis?

a)

A statistical method that is used to determine whether a group of observable variables are related to a smaller group of underlying factors.

b)

A statistical method used to calculate the correlations between underlying factors.

c)

A statistical method used to determine whether there are differences between observable variables.

d)

None of these answers are correct.

6.

T/F: Chi-Square looks to see if two categorical variables are related.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

T/F: Sampling error is any error that is due to variance in your sampled group of people.

a)

False

b)

True

8.

T/F: Type 2 error is the possibility of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null is actually true.

a)

False

b)

True

9.

T/F: Type 1 error is the possibility of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null is actually true.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

T/F: Type 2 error is the possibility of failing to reject the null hypothesis.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

T/F: Effect size helps readers understand the magnitude of differences found, whereas statistical significance examines whether the findings are likely to be due to chance

a)

True

b)

False

12.

T/F: Statistical significance is the final determinant of an effective treatment

a)

True

b)

False

13.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding Cohen's d?

a)

Assess the strength of the relationship between variables or the impact of an intervention

b)

Tells us how large the difference between two groups is, taking into account the variability within each group

c)

Helps us understand the practical significance or the real-world importance of the observed difference

d)

All statements are true

14.

T/F: the t test rescales the difference between the means into standard error units, while Cohen’s d rescales the same difference between the means into standard deviation units.

a)

True

b)

False

15.

T/F: Advantage of scaling over standard deviation in Cohen’s d is that the standard deviation is not materially affected by sample size.

a)

True

b)

False

16.

T/F: advantage of scaling over standard error term in t test is that the standard error term is not materially affected by sample size.

a)

True

b)

False

17.
a)

Cohen’s d; eta; r; phi

b)

eta; Cohen’s d; r; phi

c)

Cohen’s d; eta; phi; r

d)

eta; Cohen’s d; phi; r

18.

The results from a rigorous study must meet three requirements. What are the three requirements?

a)

statistical significance

b)

Practical significance or effect size

c)

reproducibility and replicability

d)

All of the above

19.

T/F: Increasing Type I error means accepting a greater chance of making a Type I error.

a)

True

b)

False

20.

Wolverine wants to know if his new multivitamins work for humans. He samples 20 participants before giving them his WolveVits and re-evaluates them 4 weeks after the treatment. What type of research design should you use?

a)

One-way within-subjects ANOVA or Dependent sample t test

b)

One-way between-subjects ANOVA or independent samples t test

c)

Normal deviate z test

d)

None of the above

21.

Professor P wanted to know if the color of paper had an effect on test scores. On test day, he randomly handed out the tests printed on white paper or blue paper to his students. What research design should you use?

a)

One sample t-test

b)

One-way within-subjects ANOVA or Dependent sample t test

c)

One-way between-subjects ANOVA or independent samples t test

d)

MANCOVA or multivariate multiple regression with dummy coding

22.

I want to know if the colors in my M&Ms bag match the average colors of M&Ms as stated on their website (e.g., 3 red, 4 blue, etc.). What type of research design should you use?

a)

Regression

b)

One sample t-test

c)

A 2x2 chi square test of independence

d)

Chi square goodness of fit

23.

A botanist wants to determine whether there are any differences in the nesting bird species among avocado trees that were grown using different propagation methods. More specifically, she wants to know if more crows than blue jays prefer making nests in trees that were propagated from leaf cuttings than trees that were propagated from simple layering. What type of research design should you use?

a)

Pearson r, Correlation

b)

A 2x2 chi square test of independence

c)

Chi square goodness of fit

d)

None of the above

24.

Dr. Y's previous studies suggests that people’s love for animals can predict how likely they are to become vegetarian. However, their research group thinks that the relationship can be explained by how much people love cows. What type of research design should you use?

a)

Mediation linear regression

b)

Moderation linear regression

c)

MANCOVA or multivariate multiple regression with dummy coding

d)

 2x2 within-subjects ANOVA

25.

The average weight for a Pembroke Welsh Corgi living in America is 26 pounds. A concerned citizen wants to weigh a random sample of Corgis to ensure that pet owners are not under-feeding or over-feeding their dogs. What type of research design should you use?

a)

One-way within-subjects ANOVA or Dependent sample t test

b)

One-way between-subjects ANOVA or independent samples t test

c)

One sample t-test

d)

None of the above

26.

Dr. James is studying nerac (a categorical variable with 2 levels) and neutronium file (a continuous variable) to see how they predict alkali megadestabilazation (a continous variable) and mean-spirited sociality ( a continous variable). What type of research design should you use?

a)

 A 2x2 within-subjects ANOVA

b)

MANCOVA or multivariate multiple regression with dummy coding

c)

Moderation with a 3x2 ANOVA

d)

Moderation regression

27.

Researchers wanted to know if the amount of ice cream consumed and the time of consumption could improve stress levels. Participants were randomly assigned to eat either 1 scoop, 2 scoops, or none every day for a week. Some were told to eat their ice cream in the morning and others at night. What type of research design should you use?

a)

Moderation with a 3x2 ANOVA

b)

 A 2x2 within-subjects ANOVA

c)

Correlation; simple linear regression

d)

A 3x2 between-subjects ANOVA

28.

This analysis tells you if there is a relationship between 2 variables while this analysis between 2 variables tells you if one can predict the other 

a)

Mediation regression

b)

Correlation; simple linear regression

c)

Moderation regression

d)

Analysis of Variance

29.

A study was done to see if financial status could affect the relationship between happiness and life satisfaction.  What analysis is this example?

a)

Multiple linear regression

b)

Moderation regression

c)

Mediation regression

d)

Correlation

30.

This is a test I should use if I only have categorical data.

a)

Chi Square  

b)

Correlation

c)

Analysis of Variance

d)

None of the above

31.

This is a test I should use if I only have continuous data.

a)

Correlation

b)

Analysis of Variance

c)

Regression

d)

Chi-Square

32.

A study done with first year college students want to know if the time they take class and the gender of the professors can impact end of the year grades. Participants were randomly assigned to have classes in the afternoon or in the morning, and if the professors is a female or a male in the first semester. During the second semester participants had their classes in the other time or with opposite gender.

a)

Moderation with a 3x2 ANOVA

b)

 A 2x2 within-subjects ANOVA

c)

 A mixed factorial 2x2 ANOVA

d)

Regression

33.

Dr. X conducted a study on a fraternity house to measure the effects of literature read and dinner type on residents satisfaction. Participants were assigned to read a romance or horror book in the first day, and read the opposite book in day two. Participants were also assigned to eat either Italian or Mexican food for both days. Residents satisfaction was measure using a Likert scale. 

a)

 A mixed factorial 2x2 ANOVA

b)

 A 2x2 within-subjects ANOVA

c)

Moderation with a 3x2 ANOVA

d)

A 3x2 between-subjects ANOVA

34.

An experimenter shows a video to participants about the dangers of SeaWorld. Participants either see Steve Irwin, Jane Goodall, or no celebrity in the video. Afterwards, their willingness to sign a petition is measured. The experimenter wants to know which campaign works best (which produces the highest average willingness to sign the petition)? Or does one campaign work better for females, another for males?

a)

A 3x2 between-subjects ANOVA

b)

 A 2x2 within-subjects ANOVA

c)

Mediation with a 3x2 ANOVA

d)

Moderation with a 3x2 ANOVA

35.

T/F: Analysis of Variance is what ANOVA stands for 

a)

True

b)

False

36.

A basketball player only scored 10 points in his game last week. However, this week, he scored closer to his usual performance, around 30 points. This is the name of the statistical phenomenon being described.

a)

Chi Square  

b)

Regression to the mean

c)

General linear model

d)

None of the above

37.

T/F: Confounds and artifacts threaten these internal and external validity, respectively

a)

False

b)

True

38.

T/F: Regression, ANOVA, t-test, correlation, ANCOVA, and MANOVA all fall under the General linear model

a)

True

b)

False

39.

When we increase sample size, power _________, p value _________, and effect size _______.

a)

increase, decrease, does change

b)

increase, decrease, doesn’t necessarily change.

c)

decrease, increase, does change

d)

decrease, increase, doesn't necessarily change

40.

This is the minumum number of articles I need in order to run a meta-analysis

a)

1

b)

3

c)

2

d)

4

41.

In FA, this is the name of the plot I should examine to see how many factors I have

a)

Linear plot

b)

Scatter plot

c)

Scree Plot

d)

None

42.

T/F: Eigenvalue is the name of the value I look for to see if it is greater than 1 (indicating a separate factor) 

a)

False

b)

True

43.

T/F: When comparing models, Delta R2 (change in R2) value specifically tells me if Model 2 is a better fitting model than Model 1

a)

True

b)

False

44.

Which is NOT a part of the process of doing a meta-analysis?

a)
  1. Combining data from all reports to make a single report

b)
  1. Graphing data from randomized studies to determine whether the intervention had an effect

c)
  1. Graphing data from all included studies to determine whether the intervention had an effect

d)
  1. Choosing studies that are appropriate