WorksheetsMI 1.1 Quiz
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 3hrs 35mins
What component of DNA sequencing allows for the copying of pathogen DNA and not human or other DNA?
The use of fluorescent nucleotides
DNA primers
Taq polymerase
Heating and cooling during PCR
The collection, classification, storage and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers, especially as applied to molecular genetics and genomics is known as which of the following?
DNA sequencing
Bioinformatics
Immunological assay
ELISA
Which of the following base pairs is matched correctly?
Guanine and Thymine
Cytosine and Adenine
Adenine and Thymine
Thymine and Cytosine
During PCR, what happens during the Denaturation step?
DNA strands are separated according to size using gel electrophoresis.
Primers form base pairs with the single-stranded template DNA.
DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the primer to elongate the new strand.
Hydrogen bonds between bases are broken using high heat to separate DNA strands.
During which PCR step do primers form complementary base pairs with single-stranded template DNA?
Denaturation
Annealing
Extension
Synthesis
DNA has a ___________ charge and will migrate through a gel towards the ___________ electrode.
positive, negative
positive, positive
negative, positive
negative, negative
Larger DNA fragments move through a gel _____________ smaller DNA fragments.
faster than
at the same rate as
slower than
Place the steps of DNA Sequencing below into their correct order.
A. Detection of fluorescence w/ lasers & sensors
B. PCR w/ fluorescent dideoxynucleotides
C. Separate DNA by size w/ gel electrophoresis
D. Match DNA sequence using BLAST database
A, B, C, D
B, C, A, D
B, A, C, D
D, B, C, A
Write the correct sequence that matches this chromatogram.
(a)
Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter the course of a disease is called
quality of life
medical intervention
medication
philosophy
What is a pathogen?
finding connections between individuals and track disease exposure
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
A specific causative agent of disease
covering mouth and nose with a mask
What is an outbreak?
finding connections between individuals and track disease exposure
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
A specific causative agent of disease
covering mouth and nose with a mask
What is contact tracing?
finding connections between individuals and track disease exposure
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
A specific causative agent of disease
covering mouth and nose with a mask
A protein serving as a catalyst; a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction without being consumed
Enzyme
Antigen
Genome
Primer
The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in molecular genetics and genomics
Substrate
Serial Dilution
Bioinformatics
Concentration
A specific agent causing the body harm or disease
Outbreak
Primer
Antigen
Pathogen
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these
Solvent
Solution
Solute
Antibody
A short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand
Solvent
Primer
Genome
Enzyme
A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance
Solute
Substrate
Concentration
Solvent
A substance dissolved in another substance
Solute
Solution
Solvent
Outbreak
The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance (usually reported out as mass/volume)
Solution
Substrate
Serial Dilution
Concentration
A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism and elicits an immune response
Enzyme
Antigen
Antibody
Pathogen
A stepwise dilution of a substance in solution
Concentration
Solute
Serial Dilution
Solvent
A quantitative diagnostic test for an antibody or antigen in which the test material (sample) is absorbed on a surface and exposed either to a complex of an enzyme linked to an antibody specific for the antigen OR an enzyme linked to an anti-immunoglobulin specific for the antibody followed by reaction of the enzyme with a substrate to yield a colored product corresponding to the concentration of the test material
Enzyme
Solvent
ELISA
Bioinformatics
An organism's genes; all of an organism's genetic material
Genome
Primer
Enzyme
Solute
The reactant on which an enzyme works
Solute
Solvent
Substrate
Solution
An antigen-binding protein, produced by B cells
Pathogen
Antibody
Antigen
Enzyme
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
Outbreak
Pathogen
Antigen
Medical Intervention
What does ELISA stand for
Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay
Enzyme Leuko-immune Standard Assessment
Estimated Lymph Integrated System Assessment
Ecoli Immune System Antigen
In an ELISA assay, ________ and ________ are added to facilitate a color change.
antibodies and antigens
primary antibodies and secondary antibodies
enzymes and substrates
antigen and enzymes
Which of the following most definitively identifies a pathogen during an epidemic?
Consensus of the symptoms of those that are affected.
Presence or absence of a rash.
Response to antibiotics.
DNA sequencing.
Small amounts of DNA of a pathogen can be amplified to produce millions of copies by which process?
ELISA
DNA sequencing
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Serial Dilution
After adding the secondary antibody and enzyme complex to the ELISA, what is added next (after washing) to create the color change?
substrate
primary antibody
enzyme #2
antigen
Which one cannot be determined by ELISA
Concentration of antigens
Presence of disease
Genetic sequence of a pathogen
Order of infection
What component of DNA sequencing allows for the copying of pathogen DNA and not human or other DNA?
The use of fluorescent nucleotides
DNA primers
Taq polymerase
Heating and cooling during PCR
What test would diagnose possible meningitis the fastest
Culturing, and testing colony growth
ELISA to see if there are antigens or antibodies
DNA sequencing
Protein Chromatography
What do dideoxynucleotides (the fluorescent bases) do when added to a growing DNA strand during Cycle Sequencing?
They stop the elongation of that strand.
That double the length of that strand.
They shorten the length of the strand.
They denature the strand.
Place the steps of DNA Sequencing below into their correct order.
A. Detection of fluorescence w/ lasers & sensors
B. PCR w/ fluorescent dideoxynucleotides
C. Separate DNA by size w/ gel electrophoresis
D. Match DNA sequence using BLAST database
A, B, C, D
B, C, A, D
B, A, C, D
D, B, C, A
Imagine you are a doctor. A patient comes to you with symptoms like fever, lethargy, and a stiff neck. However, they also have a rash with scabs. Based on your knowledge, which of these is NOT a typical symptom of a meningitis infection?
Fever
Lethargy
Stiff Neck
Rash with scabs
A college student, John, has been experiencing severe headaches and neck stiffness. His doctor suspects he might have contracted spinal meningitis and decides to take a sample of his spinal fluid.Which diagnostic test will John's doctor use to confirm the diagnosis fastest?
Culturing the spinal fluid and testing for bacterial colony growth in a Petri dish.
An ELISA Assay to determine the presence of antigens or antibodies.
DNA sequencing
Protein Chromatography
Covid
Strep Throat
When determining the genetic sequence of an organism; PCR is used to duplicate DNA, enzymes cut it into different sized pieces, electrophoresis is used to sort it and laser is used to
read the genetic sequence based on fluorescent nucleotides
cut the DNA fragments into individual genes segments
calculate the speed at which the DNA fragments move through the gel
All of these
While working in a pathogen lab an epidemiologist asks you to run a BLAST, what are they expecting you to do?
Search a national database to match the genome sequence of the sample
Use restriction enzymes to cut DNA fragments into smaller and smaller pieces
Use hot vapor to disinfect a room contaminated by an unknown pathogen
Determine what anitbodies are needed to deactivate a specific antigen
What does it mean to 'amplify' a DNA sample
Recombine DNA using restriction enzymes
Grow bacteria that host that DNA fragment in a petri dish
Use PCR to make many more copies
Run the DNA fragment through a sequence to get the genome
B cells produce uniquely shaped proteins called antibodies that bind to ______ to mark them for destruction.
Enzymes
Secondary Antibodies
Antigens
Hormones
What is the role of the substrate in an ELISA test?
It binds to the enzyme and causes a color change
No substrate is used in an ELISA
Which is the correct sequence when performing an ELISA
substrate > antigen > primary antibody > secondary antibody > enzyme
primary antibody > secondary antibody >substrate > antigen > enzyme
secondary antibody >substrate > antigen > primary antibody > enzyme
antigen > primary antibody > secondary antibody > enzyme > substrate
This ELISA samples show different tints of blue. What can we infer about the patients who's test resulted in light tinted blues?
They are likely sickest because this shows their body isn't making many antibodies
They are probably getting over being sick because the light color indicates they have very few antigens
We can ONLY determine that they have a lower number of antigens
We can ONLY determine that they have the most antibody activity
In and ELISA test the secondary antibody is specially created in a lab to have an enzyme attached to it. What is the role of that enzyme
The enzyme binds to the antigen to inactivate it and keep the lab safe
The enzyme causes the color change in the substrate
The enzyme helps wash antigens out of the test
The enzyme binds the secondary antibody to the primary antibody
What information is needed to best use the BLAST bioinformatics tool?
The symptoms of the disease
The number of people infected
The concentration of the the ELISA results
A nucleotide sequence
When developing a genome a DNA stand is cut into fragments that vary by 1 nucleotide in length. How is this DNA then sorted?
A centrifuge spins the DNA and the smallest pieces float to the top and the larger sink to the bottom
A laser is used to read the different amounts of fluorescent nucleotides
Gel electrophoresis is used with the smallest piece of DNA traveling the fastest through the gel
Computer simulations are used to capture the amount of light refracted from the DNA segments
Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR?
Because it is cheaper than other polymerases
Because it can replicate DNA at room temperature
Because it is stable at high temperatures
Because it can recognize specific DNA sequences
Which enzyme is used to amplify DNA segments in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
Ligase
Helicase
DNA polymerase
Restriction enzyme
