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WorksheetsMI 1.1 Review
Total questions: 52
Worksheet time: 3hrs 25mins
What component of DNA sequencing allows for the copying of pathogen DNA and not human or other DNA?
The use of fluorescent nucleotides
DNA primers
Taq polymerase
Heating and cooling during PCR
The collection, classification, storage and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers, especially as applied to molecular genetics and genomics is known as which of the following?
DNA sequencing
Bioinformatics
Immunological assay
ELISA
8 ml of a solvent is added to a 1 ml solute. The dilution of the resulting solution is
1/10
1/9
1/8
9
Which of the following base pairs is matched correctly?
Guanine and Thymine
Cytosine and Adenine
Adenine and Thymine
Thymine and Cytosine
Which of the following statements are true about DNA structure?
The DNA backbone ("sides of the ladder") is made up of sugars and phosphates.
The sugars and phosphates make up the unique code of each gene.
The DNA backbone is the same for every person.
Bases and sugars pair together to form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder.
The sequence of bases is unique for each person.
What is the purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the process of sequencing DNA?
To separate DNA fragments by size
To synthesize copies of template DNA
To change the structure of template DNA
To terminate the elongation of a DNA strand
During PCR, what happens during the Denaturation step?
DNA strands are separated according to size using gel electrophoresis.
Primers form base pairs with the single-stranded template DNA.
DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the primer to elongate the new strand.
Hydrogen bonds between bases are broken using high heat to separate DNA strands.
During which PCR step do primers form complementary base pairs with single-stranded template DNA?
Denaturation
Annealing
Extension
Synthesis
DNA has a ___________ charge and will migrate through a gel towards the ___________ electrode.
positive, negative
positive, positive
negative, positive
negative, negative
Larger DNA fragments move through a gel _____________ smaller DNA fragments.
faster than
at the same rate as
slower than
Place the steps of DNA Sequencing below into their correct order.
A. Detection of fluorescence w/ lasers & sensors
B. PCR w/ fluorescent dideoxynucleotides
C. Separate DNA by size w/ gel electrophoresis
D. Match DNA sequence using BLAST database
A, B, C, D
B, C, A, D
B, A, C, D
D, B, C, A
Write the correct sequence that matches this chromatogram.
(a)
Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter the course of a disease is called
quality of life
medical intervention
medication
philosophy
What is a pathogen?
finding connections between individuals and track disease exposure
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
A specific causative agent of disease
covering mouth and nose with a mask
What is an outbreak?
finding connections between individuals and track disease exposure
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
A specific causative agent of disease
covering mouth and nose with a mask
What is contact tracing?
finding connections between individuals and track disease exposure
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
A specific causative agent of disease
covering mouth and nose with a mask
A protein serving as a catalyst; a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction without being consumed
Enzyme
Antigen
Genome
Primer
The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in molecular genetics and genomics
Substrate
Serial Dilution
Bioinformatics
Concentration
A specific agent causing the body harm or disease
Outbreak
Primer
Antigen
Pathogen
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these
Solvent
Solution
Solute
Antibody
A short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand
Solvent
Primer
Genome
Enzyme
A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance
Solute
Substrate
Concentration
Solvent
A substance dissolved in another substance
Solute
Solution
Solvent
Outbreak
The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance (usually reported out as mass/volume)
Solution
Substrate
Serial Dilution
Concentration
A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism and elicits an immune response
Enzyme
Antigen
Antibody
Pathogen
A stepwise dilution of a substance in solution
Concentration
Solute
Serial Dilution
Solvent
A quantitative diagnostic test for an antibody or antigen in which the test material (sample) is absorbed on a surface and exposed either to a complex of an enzyme linked to an antibody specific for the antigen OR an enzyme linked to an anti-immunoglobulin specific for the antibody followed by reaction of the enzyme with a substrate to yield a colored product corresponding to the concentration of the test material
Enzyme
Solvent
ELISA
Bioinformatics
An organism's genes; all of an organism's genetic material
Genome
Primer
Enzyme
Solute
The reactant on which an enzyme works
Solute
Solvent
Substrate
Solution
An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the effector in an immune response
Pathogen
Antibody
Antigen
Enzyme
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
Outbreak
Pathogen
Antigen
Medical Intervention
What does ELISA stand for
Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay
Enzyme Leuko-immune Standard Assessment
Estimated Lymph Integrated System Assessment
Ecoli Immune System Antigen
In an ELISA assay, ________ and ________ are added to facilitate a color change.
antibodies and antigens
primary antibodies and secondary antibodies
enzymes and substrates
antigen and enzymes
A tube is diluted at a rate of 1/4 for each consecutive tube. The concentration of tube #1 is 64ng/dL. What is the concentration of tube #4?
4 ng/dL
0.25 ng/dL
1 ng/dL
1024 ng/dL
Which of the following most definitively identifies a pathogen during an epidemic?
Consensus of the symptoms of those that are affected.
Presence or absence of a rash.
Response to antibiotics.
DNA sequencing.
Small amounts of DNA of a pathogen can be amplified to produce millions of copies by which process?
ELISA
DNA sequencing
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Serial Dilution
After adding the secondary antibody and enzyme complex to the ELISA, what is added next (after washing) to create the color change?
substrate
primary antibody
enzyme #2
antigen
Sue's disease was
viral meningitis
mononucleosis
bacterial meningitis
influenza H1N1
Which one cannot be determined by ELISA
Concentration of antigens
Presence of disease
Genetic sequence of a pathogen
Order of infection
What component of DNA sequencing allows for the copying of pathogen DNA and not human or other DNA?
The use of fluorescent nucleotides
DNA primers
Taq polymerase
Heating and cooling during PCR
Which one is NOT a medical intervention
Toothbrush
Appendectomy
Physical therapy
None of the above
What test would diagnose possible meningitis the fastest
Culturing, and testing colony growth
ELISA to see if there are antigens or antibodies
DNA sequencing
Protein Chromatography
What does PCR do
Produces same DNA sequence, identical strands, creates massive amounts of DNA
Pathogen specific promoters, same template strand but different lengths, uses ddNTP nucleotides
What do dideoxynucleotides (the fluorescent bases) do when added to a growing DNA strand during Cycle Sequencing?
They stop the elongation of that strand.
That double the length of that strand.
They shorten the length of the strand.
They denature the strand.
Place the steps of DNA Sequencing below into their correct order.
A. Detection of fluorescence w/ lasers & sensors
B. PCR w/ fluorescent dideoxynucleotides
C. Separate DNA by size w/ gel electrophoresis
D. Match DNA sequence using BLAST database
A, B, C, D
B, C, A, D
B, A, C, D
D, B, C, A
