Font size
WorksheetsEcology: Environmental Science 13th Edition
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins
They collect data and develop theories, models, and laws about how nature works.
(a)
(a) is an attempt to discover how nature works and to use that knowledge to make predictions about what is likely to happen in nature.
A possible and testable explanation of what they observe in nature or in the results of their experiments.
(a)
It is the information needed to answer their questions. To collect (a) , scientists make observations and measurements.
An approximate representation or simulation of a system being studied.
(a)
A well tested and widely accepted scientific hypothesis or a group of related hypotheses is called a (a) .
An important part of the scientific process in which scientists openly publish details of the methods and models they used, the results of their experiments, and the reasoning behind their hypotheses for other scientists working in the same field to evaluate.
(a)
It is a well-tested and widely accepted description of what we find happening over and over in the same way in nature.
(a)
They are not yet considered reliable, and can be thought of as (a) . Some of these results will be validated and classified as reliable and some will be discredited and classified as unreliable.
It consists of data, hypotheses, theories, models, and laws that are widely accepted by all or most of the scientists who are considered experts in the field under study.
(a)
Scientific hypotheses and results that are presented as reliable without having undergone the rigors of peer review, or that have been discarded as a result of peer review, are considered to be (a) .
(a) is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can exist in three physical states, solid, liquid, and gas.
(a) is a fundamental substance that has a unique set of properties and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
It is the combinations of two or more different elements held together in fixed proportions
(a)
The most basic building block of matter. It is the smallest unit of matter into which an element can be divided and still have its characteristic chemical properties.
molecule
ion
The idea that all elements are made up of atoms is called the (a) .
A second building block of some types of matter. It is an atom or groups of atoms with one or more net positive or negative electrical charges.
molecule
atom
Three different types of subatomic particles:
Each atom consists of an extremely small and dense center called its (a) .
The equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom.
(a)
The total number of neutrons and protons in its nucleus.
(a)
Forms of an element having the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called (a) .
A chemical characteristic that helps determine how a substance dissolved in water will interact with and affect its environment.
(a)
Within some DNA molecules are certain sequences of nucleotides called (a) .
The third building block of matter.
ion
atom
The smallest and most fundamental structural and functional units of life.
(a)
A special DNA molecule together with a number of proteins.
(a)
It is a measure of how useful a given sample of matter is as a resource for humans.
(a)
It is not highly concentrated, is often located deep underground or dispersed in the ocean or atmosphere, and usually has little potential for use as a resource.
Low quality matter
High quality matter
It is highly concentrated, is typically found near the earth’s surface, and has great potential for use as a resource.
Low quality matter
High quality matter
It is a scientific law that states that whenever matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, no atoms are created or destroyed.
(a)
It is the capacity to do work or transfer heat.
(a)
It is a major type of energy which is stored and potentially available for use.
It is a major type of energy which is energy associated with motion.
It is the total kinetic energy of all moving atoms, ions, or molecules within a given substance.
(a)
A kind of kinetic energy that travels in the form of a wave as a result of changes in electrical and magnetic fields.
(a)
It is a measure of an energy source’s capacity to do useful work.
(a)
It is concentrated and has a high capacity to do useful work.
High-quality energy
Low-quality energy
It is dispersed and has little capacity to do useful work.
High-quality energy
Low-quality energy
It is also known as the law of conservation of energy. Whenever energy is converted from one form to another in a physical or chemical change, no energy is created or destroyed.
second law of thermodynamics
Whenever energy is converted from one form to another in a physical or chemical change, we always end up with lower quality or less usable energy than we started with.
second law of thermodynamics
Its lower portion holds enough ozone gas to filter out most of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. This global sunscreen allows life to exist on land and in the surface layers of bodies of water. (17-50km)
biosphere
troposphere
stratosphere
hydrosphere
geosphere
It consists of nonliving components such as water, air, nutrients, rocks, heat, and solar energy.
Abiotic
Biotic
It consists of living biological components like plants, animals, and microbes.
Abiotic
Biotic
It contains the majority of the air that we breathe, consisting mostly of nitrogen and oxygen. (17 km)
biosphere
troposphere
stratosphere
hydrosphere
geosphere
It consists of all of the water on or near the earth’s surface.
biosphere
troposphere
stratosphere
hydrosphere
geosphere
It consists of the earth’s intensely hot core, a thick mantle composed mostly of rock, and a thin outer crust.
biosphere
troposphere
stratosphere
hydrosphere
geosphere
It consists of the parts of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere where life is found.
biosphere
troposphere
stratosphere
hydrosphere
geosphere
It is the science that focuses on how organisms interact with one another and with their non living environment of matter and energy.
(a)
It is sometimes called autotrophs (self-feeders). They make the nutrients they need from compounds and energy obtained from their environment.
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
It is sometimes called heterotrophs (other-feeders), which cannot produce the nutrients they need through photosynthesis or other processes.
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
They are the consumers that release nutrients from the dead bodies of plants and animals and return them to the soil, water, and air for reuse by producers.
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
They are animals that eat producers, feeding mostly on green plants.
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
They are animals that feed on the flesh of other animals.
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
_____________ such as pigs, foxes, and humans can eat plants and other animals.
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
A sequence of organisms, each of which serves as a source of food or energy for the next, is called a (a) .
Organisms in most ecosystems form a complex network of interconnected food chains called a (a) .
Each trophic level in a food chain or web contains a certain amount of (a) , the dry weight of all organic matter contained in its organisms.
It is the rate at which an ecosystem’s producers (usually plants) convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of biomass found in their tissues.
Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity
It is the rate at which producers use photosynthesis to produce and store chemical energy minus the rate at which they use some of this stored chemical energy through aerobic respiration.
Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity
The elements and compounds that make up nutrients move continually through air, water, soil, rock, and living organisms within ecosystems in cycles called (a) .
It is powered by energy from the sun and involves three major processes—evaporation, precipitation, and transpiration.
(a)
Over land, about 90% of the water that reaches the atmosphere evaporates from the surfaces of plants, through a process called (a) .
It is the variety of the earth’s species, the genes they contain, the ecosystems in which they live, and the ecosystem processes of energy flow and nutrient cycling that sustain all life.
(a)
It reveals a record of life's history. A mineralized or petrified replicas of skeletons, bones, teeth, shells, leaves, and seeds, or impressions of such items found in rocks.
(a)
The process where by earth’s life changes over time through changes in the genetic characteristics of populations.
(a)
According to the (a) , all species descended from earlier, ancestral species. In other words, life comes from life.
4 Threats to Biodiversity:
A process in which individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a particular set of environmental conditions than are those without the traits.
(a)
The random changes in the DNA molecules of a gene in any cell. It can result from random changes that occur spontaneously within a cell or from exposure to external agents such as radioactivity.
(a)
It is any heritable trait that improves the ability of an individual organism to survive and to reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals in a population can under prevailing environmental conditions.
(a)
A process of one species splits into two or more different species.
(a)
A process in which an entire species ceases to exist or a population of a species.
(a)
Throughout most of the earth’s long history, species have disappeared at a low rate, called __________.
background extinction
mass extinction
It is a significant rise in extinction rates above the background level.
background extinction
mass extinction
The number of different species it contains combined with the relative abundance of individuals within each of those species
(a)
The process by which species change over time through the accumulation of genetic mutations and natural selection.
(a)
He published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, introducing the idea of natural selection.
(a)
It is the idea that all living things are composed of cells and it is the most widely accepted scientific theory in biology.
(a)
A community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment of matter and energy.
(a)
