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Review for Midterm

Total questions: 117

Worksheet time: 6hrs 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which theory helped scientists understand how and where volcanoes erupt?

a)

Theory of Plate Tectonics

b)

Theory or Relativity

c)

Theory of the Rock Cycle

d)

Big Bang Theory

2.

Which type of volcano is built by alternating layers of lava flows and ash flows? It can

be very explosive.

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Composite

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

3.

Which type of volcano has steep angled sides, throws blobs of lava in the air that fall as cinders, and is built over a short period of time?

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Composite

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

4.

Which type of volcano if found in the Hawaiian Islands with thick flowing, slow moving lava? This is the most common type of volcano on earth.

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Composite

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

5.

The weak point in the Earth’s crust where hot magma rises and reaches the earth’s

surface is call the __________.

a)

Crater

b)

Magma Chamber

c)

Main Vent

d)

Secondary Cone

6.

An active volcanic area on earth is found at_______.

a)

Diverging Boundaries

b)

Converging Boundaries

c)

Hot Spots

d)

All of the above

7.

What is the active volcano area around the Pacific Rim called?

a)

Hot Spots

b)

Pacific Ocean

c)

Ring of Fire

d)

Hawaii

8.

Large projectiles thrown through the air during an eruption are called

a)

Volcanic bombs

b)

Hot Spot

c)

Lava

d)

Magma chamber

9.

Magma is found above the earth surface?

a)

True

b)

False

10.
What type of volcano is Kilauea, which is located in Hawaii?
a)
Caldera
b)
Cinder Cone
c)
Composite Volcano
d)
Shield Volcano
11.
What is molten rock that has reached the Earth's surface?
a)
Aa
b)
Lava
c)
Magma
d)
Pahoehoe
12.
The more silica that magma contains...
a)
the thicker the magma
b)
the thinner the magma
c)
the higher the viscosity
d)
the runnier the magma
13.
Shield volcanoes have:
a)
gently sloping sides
b)
a steep cone shape
c)
moderately sized sides
d)
long cracks along plate boundaries
14.
When a volcano erupts, empties the magma chamber, and collapses the top leaving a huge hole.
a)
Dike
b)
Caldera
c)
Silica
d)
Geyser
15.
Explosive eruption that hurls ash, gases, cinders, and bombs from the main vent.
a)
Volcano bomb
b)
Geyser
c)
Geothermal energy
d)
Pyroclastic flow
16.
A chain of volcanic islands formed where two oceanic plates collide is called:
a)
island arc
b)
hot spot
c)
Hawaii
d)
geyser
17.
Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a:
a)
caldera
b)
pipe
c)
magma chamber
d)
vent
18.
Magma's resistance to flow, or how thick it is, is called:
a)
silica
b)
viscosity
c)
hot spot
d)
caldera
19.
Felsic (light-colored) magma has a...
a)
Low silica content
b)
High silica content
20.
An opening through which the lava flows is called:
a)
crater
b)
caldera
c)
vent
d)
pipe
21.
Magma rises because it is...
a)
more dense than surrounding rock
b)
less dense than surrounding rock
22.
The Andes Mountains and volcanoes formed at...
a)
a divergent plate boundary
b)
a hot spot
c)
a convergent plate boundary
d)
a caldera
23.
Mafic (dark-colored) magma has a...
a)
high silica content
b)
low silica content
24.
This common type of volcano is made up of alternating layers of ash and lava.
a)
Shield volcano
b)
Composite / Stratovolcano
c)
Cinder cone
d)
Fissure volcano
25.
An avalanche is an example of which process?
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Volcanic Eruption
26.
How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?  The freezing water—
a)
keeps the rocks in place.
b)
makes the rocks last longer.
c)
expands cracks and breaks rocks.
d)
causes rocks to fall in landslides.
27.
The process that breaks down rocks and other materials on Earth's surface is called
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Decomposition
28.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
Deposition
b)
Landslide
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
29.
What causes the greatest erosion effect on our beaches?
a)
Waves
b)
Gravity
c)
Glaciers
d)
Wind
30.
The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Crop Rotation
31.
Which of these is an example of erosion?
a)
Light shining onto a mountain.
b)
Rain breaking down rocks on a mountain into smaller pieces. 
c)
Wind blowing away sediment to a new place on the mountain.
d)
All of the above.
32.
Layers of sediment forming at the bottom of the ocean floor is an example of
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Awesome Science
33.
Muddy water being carried away by a fast-moving river is an example of
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition 
d)
A nice place to swim
34.
What is an enormous mass of ice moving over land, causing weathering of rock and soil?
a)
A glacier
b)
An iceberg
c)
An ice wedge
d)
A sand dune
35.
How do plants weather rocks?
a)
During photosynthesis
b)
When roots grow into cracks of rocks and expand the rock breaks.
c)
When the plant moves water from the roots to the leaves, the rock breaks.
d)
Plants don't weather rocks.
36.
What is the wearing away or breaking down of rocks called?
a)
Deposition
b)
Erosion
c)
Glaciers
d)
Weathering
37.
Which of the following is NOT a slow change to Earth's surface?
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Landslides
38.
Which of the following is NOT a fast change in Earth's surface?
a)
Landslides
b)
Erosion
c)
Volcanoes Erupting
d)
Earthquakes
39.

Which location would allow the least amount of water to be absorbed into the ground?

a)

a grassy terrain

b)

a sandy beach

c)

a forest

d)

a mountain

40.

The land around these rivers is known as the _____________.

a)

tributary

b)

divide

c)

water system

d)

watershed

41.

What is the power behind the water cycle?

a)

gravity

b)

the Sun

c)

evaporation

d)

condensation

42.

The carrying capacity of a stream is its ___________.

a)

ability to transport sediment

b)

rate of runoff entering the channel

c)

volume of flow

d)

stream bank height

43.
Water that is located in the ground in the pores within rock is called…
a)
watershed
b)
surface water
c)
groundwater
d)
water cycle
44.

Water that stands or flows across the Earth’s surface.

a)

Groundwater

b)

Surface water

c)

Runoff

d)

Divide

45.
The name of the area that is the upper level of the zone of saturation:
a)
Zone of Saturation
b)
Zone of Aeration
c)
Water Table
46.

What is all of the land area whose water drains into a stream system?

a)

Runoff

b)

Watershed

c)

Divide

d)

Suspension

47.
The measure of how easily water can flow through an aquifer. 
a)
porosity
b)
permeability
c)
gradient
d)
divide
48.

water cycle

a)

the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, the oceans, and living things

b)

the change of state from a liquid to a gas that usually occurs at the surface of a liquid over a wide range of temperatures

c)

the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata; also the release of water vapor into the air by other organisms

d)

the change of state from a solid directly to a gas

49.

evaporation

a)

the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata; also the release of water vapor into the air by other organisms

b)

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

c)

at constant pressure and water vapor content, the temperature at which the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation

d)

the change of state from a liquid to a gas that usually occurs at the surface of a liquid over a wide range of temperatures

50.

transpiration

a)

a cloud that forms near the ground and results in a reduction in visibility

b)

a collection of small water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air, which forms when the air is cooled and condensation occurs

c)

the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata; also the release of water vapor into the air by other organisms

d)

any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds

51.

condensation

a)

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

b)

any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds

c)

at constant pressure and water vapor content, the temperature at which the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation

d)

the change of state from a liquid to a gas that usually occurs at the surface of a liquid over a wide range of temperatures

52.

precipitation

a)

any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds

b)

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

c)

the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata; also the release of water vapor into the air by other organisms

d)

the change of state from a liquid to a gas that usually occurs at the surface of a liquid over a wide range of temperatures

53.

cloud

a)

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

b)

a collection of small water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air, which forms when the air is cooled and condensation occurs

c)

at constant pressure and water vapor content, the temperature at which the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation

d)

any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds

54.
What is occurring at A in the diagram?
a)
runoff
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
d)
condensation
55.
What is the source of groundwater?
a)
rain, snow, melted glaciers
b)
ocean water
c)
icebergs
d)
water from fossilized animals
56.
An underground layer of permeable rock that holds groundwater which can be extracted by drilling a well.
a)
water table
b)
aquifer
c)
watershed
d)
river
57.
How do people extract groundwater?
a)
groundwater cannot be extracted
b)
by drilling wells and pumping water out of the ground
c)
mining water from the Earth
d)
answer not shown
58.

What percentage of the world's water is found in the Oceans?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

97%

e)

99%

59.

Movement of water through the soils of Earth is what?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Infiltration

c)

Exfoliation

d)

Precipitation

60.
An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water?
a)
Reservoir
b)
Aquifer
c)
Groundwater
d)
Watershed
61.

curve or loop in a river

a)

Delta

b)

Beach

c)

Meander

d)

Canyon

62.

land that gets covered by water from a stream or river during a flood

a)

Mountain

b)

Valley

c)

Meander

d)

Floodplain

63.

a fan shaped deposit at the mouth of a river

a)

Plain

b)

Delta

c)

Dune

d)

Canyon

64.
The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a
a)
water table
b)
trailer
c)
house
d)
watershed
65.
Most water pollution is the result of __________________.
a)
natural processes
b)
animal waste
c)
human activities
d)
acid rain
66.
___________________ washes agricultural wastes, including animal wastes, fertilizers, and pesticides, into bodies of water, causing algae to grow.
a)
Runoff
b)
Peak flow
c)
Groundwater
d)
Municipal sewage
67.
Wastes produced by agriculture, households, industry, mining, and other human activities can end up in ______________.
a)
groundwater
b)
streams and rivers
c)
oceans
d)
All of these choices
68.
The Ohio and Missouri River are both ________ of the Mississippi River.
a)
tributaries
b)
watersheds
c)
divides
d)
water systems
69.

The photograph shows both erosional and depositional features formed by an agent of erosion. Which agent of erosion produced the features shown in the photograph?

a)

running water

b)

glacial ice

c)

ocean waves

d)

prevailing wind

70.

The photograph shows a valley. Which agent of erosion most likely produced this valley's shape?

a)

blowing wind

b)

ocean waves

c)

moving ice

d)

running water

71.

The cross sections show a three-stage sequence in the development of a glacial feature. Which glacial feature has formed by the end of stage 3?

a)

kettle lake

b)

finger lake

c)

drumlin

d)

parallel scratches

72.

Base your answer to the following question on the map. Arrows on the map show the location and orientation of glacial striations on the surface bedrock. Dark shading shows the location of large moraines (glacial deposits). How were the striations made?

a)

Frost action cracked the bedrock during the ice age.

b)

Rocks at the bottom of the glaciers were dragged over the bedrock.

c)

Particles carried by winds scratched the bedrock during the ice age.

d)

Particles carried by glacial meltwater eroded the bedrock.

73.

Which landscape feature was most likely formed by glacial activity?

a)

an eroded plateau

b)

a flat floodplain

c)

a U-shaped valley

d)

a V-shaped valley

74.

The bedrock at a certain location is deeply scratched, and in some places is covered by a layer of unsorted sediment. Which erosional agent was probably responsible for these features?

a)

ocean waves

b)

wind

c)

running water

d)

glaciers

75.

Base your answer to the following question on the diagram which represents a profile of a mountain glacier in the northern United States. Over a period of years, this glacier gains more snow mass than it loses. What will be the most likely result of this gain?

a)

The glacier will decrease in size, and the ice front will retreat.

b)

The glacier will decrease in size, and the ice front will advance.

c)

The glacier will increase in size, and the ice front will retreat.

d)

The glacier will increase in size, and the ice front will advance.

76.

The diagram represents a stream valley. Which diagram below best shows how this valley might be modified after a glacier has moved through it?

a)
b)
c)
d)
77.

The diagram shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. The elongated hills labeled R are most useful in determining the

a)

age of the glacier

b)

direction the glacier has moved

c)

thickness of the glacier

d)

rate at which the glacier is melting

78.
Till deposited in the front of a glacier
a)
ground moraine
b)
lateral moraine
c)
terminal moraine
d)
medial moraine
79.
This force causes the movement of glaciers
a)
pressure
b)
ice age
c)
gravity
d)
firn
80.
When a glacier retreats and large, partially buried, ice chunks are left behind to melt, these are formed:
a)
Moraine
b)
Prairie pothole
c)
Kettle Lake
d)
Fjord
81.
What glacial features are indicated by the labels C and D on the figure?
a)
moraines
b)
outwash plains
c)
kettle lakes
d)
ice sheets
82.
glacial erosion causes ______ as it moves across the land?
a)
plucking and striations
b)
beaches and sand bars
c)
sea caves and headlands
d)
sand dunes and losses
83.

Poorly graded (unsorted) rock material deposited directly by a glacier.

a)

glacial drift

b)

stratified drift

c)

till

d)

glacier

84.

Poorly graded (unsorted) rock material deposited directly by a glacier.

a)

glacial drift

b)

stratified drift

c)

till

d)

glacier

85.
Glaciers often form V shaped valleys
a)
true
b)
false
86.
Friction causes the sides of a valley glacier to move more slowly than the center
a)
true
b)
false
87.
The deposit at the furthest point the glacier ever gets.
a)
moraine
b)
ground moraine
c)
recessional moraine
d)
terminal moraine
88.

A _____ is a mass of snow and ice that moves slowly over the land.

a)

moraine

b)

glacier

c)

till

d)

u-shaped valley

89.

_____ is the removal of large chunks of rock picked up by the glacier

a)

Plucking

b)

Abrasion

c)

Weathering

d)

Erosion

90.

_____ is the material that is deposited by the melting glacier.

a)

kettles

b)

cirque

c)

horn

d)

till

91.

_____ are piles of till deposited at the bottom of glaciers.

a)

cirque

b)

end moraine

c)

lateral moraine

d)

erratics

92.

_____ are depressions that were formed when pieces of glacier ice melted.

a)

Erratic

b)

Kettles

c)

Cirque

d)

Aretes

93.

What is the arrow pointing to in the image?

a)

Cirque

b)

Erratic

c)

Esker

d)

Kettle

94.

What landform is shown in the image?

a)

Horn

b)

Cirque

c)

Erratic

d)

Kettle

95.

A valley glacier generally forms in mountainous areas

a)

True

b)

False

96.

What glacial feature is shown in the image?

a)

Horn

b)

Continental glacier

c)

V-shaped river valley

d)

Hanging Valley

97.

Ms. D is standing on top of a _________

a)

Cirque

b)

Arete

c)

Lateral Moraine

d)

Kettle Lake

98.

Ms. D is staring up at a

a)

Continental Glacier

b)

Valley Glacier

c)

V-shaped River Valley

d)

None of the above

99.

Why is the glacier so dirty?

a)

The glacier picks up rocks and transports it to the top of the glacier.

b)

Rocky debris fall off the steep sides of the mountains and accumulate on the top of the glaciers.

c)

The glacier carries debris as it moves and small sediment like sand is blown via wind to the top of the glacier.

d)

All of the above

100.

______ is a smooth hill composed of till.

a)

Drumlin

b)

Cirque

c)

Esker

d)

Erratic

101.

The image shows a...

a)

continental glacier

b)

valley glacier

102.

A _____ glacier carves a U-shaped valley into a V-shaped valley.

a)

Continental

b)

Valley

c)

River

d)

Plain

103.

A period of time when much of Earth's land is covered in glaciers.

a)

glacier

b)

ice age

c)

snowline

d)

ice sheet

104.

A thick ice mass that moves slowly over the land surface.

a)

glacial trough

b)

ice sheet

c)

ice age

d)

glacier

105.

The lowest elevation in a particular area that remains covered in snow all year

a)

snowline

b)

ice sheet

c)

glacial trough

d)

valley glacier

106.

Sediment laid down by glacial meltwater.

a)

till

b)

stratified drift

c)

alluvial fan

d)

moraines

107.

A cone of debris left when a desert stream flows out of a canyon, loses speed, or quickly dumps its sediment.

a)

moraine

b)

stratified drift

c)

alluvial fan

d)

playa lake

108.

After a heavy rain/snowmelt in the mountains, streams may flow across alluvial fans to the center of the basin. They only last a few days or a few weeks.

a)

stratified drift

b)

till

c)

moraines

d)

playa lake

109.

When wind deposits sand in mounds or ridges.

a)

desert pavement

b)

dunes

c)

deflation

d)

loess

110.

Massive sheets of ice that may cover millions of square kilometers?

a)

alpine glaciers

b)

continental glaciers

111.

Sand dunes are are a result of a powerful force of erosion. What is this force?

a)

Sun

b)

Wind

c)

Rain

112.

When it does rain in the desert, _______ streams fill with water and often _____.

a)

intermittent ; carry large boulders

b)

very narrow ; move with high velocity

c)

ephemeral ; flood

113.

At the start of an Ice Age, ice sheets increase in size, sea level falls, and the shoreline moves _____.

a)

inland

b)

seaward

114.

In areas of much ice accumulation, ___ of the land may result.

a)

subsidence

b)

rebound

115.

__________ leave behind U-shaped valleys.

a)

Alpine Glaciers

b)

Continental Glaciers

c)

Sand Dunes

d)

Loess

116.
A _____ is a tear-drop-shaped hill created by ice flow over and around till deposit.
a)
drumlin
b)
esker
c)
moraine
d)
erratic
117.

The ability of the wind to move materials

a)

exceeds that of other transporting agents, such as water and ice.

b)

is small compared to other transporting agents, such as water and ice.

c)

is greater than that of water because of the higher density of air compared to water.

d)

is equal to other transporting agents, such as water and ice.

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