Which of the following types of reinforcement results in slower extinction but also slower learning?

Which example best describes problem focused coping?

A slot machine rewards the player with coins after they try an unpredictable amount of times. This is an example of a..

After helping clean the dinner table, a child is rewarded with ice cream. This is an example of…

Alex has a bad habit of biting his nails. Which of the following would be most helpful?

The student is very confident in her work and thinks she got a good grade on her presentation. Her perception is of…

People are more inclined to fear heights and spiders compared to butterflies and flowers. This is due to...

An original neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response is known as a...

In observational learning, people learn by observing others. They are more likely to learn if they observe those who are...

What is the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses?

During his experiments with dogs, the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment was...

When we eventually lose our sensitivity to an oft-repeated stimulus. Once this occurs we will have reduced sensitivity to that stimulus, even if the stimulus changes.

The food in Pavlov's experiment caused an unconditioned response. The food was the

In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus.

The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS.

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by punishment.

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

Administering an aversive or negative stimulus

An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need.

Provides reinforcers after an unpredictable number of responses

Reinforces the first response after a fixed time period.

A sudden often novel (new) realization of the solution to a problem

The process of changing patterns of human behavior over the long term using various motivational techniques, mainly consequences (negative reinforcement) and rewards (positive reinforcement). The ultimate goal is to swap objectionable, problematic, or disagreeable behaviors with more positive, desirable behaviors.

Is comprised of the skills we use to recognize and manage our own emotions and being able to recognize emotions in others.

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. May enable imitation and empathy.

Showed that in classical conditioning, pairing two stimuli doesn’t always produce the same level of conditioning. Conditioning works better if the conditioned stimulus acts as a reliable signal that predicts the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus.

Developed the idea of Law of Effect: When a behavior is rewarded it continues and when it is punished it discontinues.

Studied rats in a maze and demonstrated latent learning- rats seemed to develop a cognitive map of the maze which only became apparent when there was an incentive to demonstrate the knowledge.

Known for his research on taste aversions

Known for his work on observational learning and for the Bobo doll experiment.

Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

The view that psychology should be objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.

In classical conditioning, the unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus such as salivation when food is put into the mouth.

In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus.

In classical stimulus, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US), does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.

The reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response.

In classical conditioning , the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.

The hopelessness and passive resignation animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli such as shock.

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli such as food.

Withdrawing a desirable stimulus to decrease a behavior.

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer.

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.

Reinforcing a response only part of the tie, results in a slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.

In operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it (ex. cognitive map).

A technique you can use to learn to control some of your body's functions, such as your heart rate. During this, you're connected to electrical sensors that help you receive information about your body.

Learning that occurs by watching others. Also called social learning.

When the mind develops a resistance towards a certain food. In simpler terms, eating certain types of food can cause a bad reaction. This is a form of classical conditioning when the body uses a natural instinct as a means of protection.

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.

Behavioral psychologist who contend the term "operant conditioning".

A Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.

Psychologist remembered for his research on the conditioning process, as well as the Little Albert experiment, in which he demonstrated that a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus. His research also revealed that this fear could be generalized to other similar objects.

An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange them for various privileges or treats.