WorksheetsMoss Milestone Review
Total questions: 131
Worksheet time: 3hrs 3mins
Study the table below.
A student records observed characteristics for four
organisms. Based on this student's observations,
which organism has two characteristics of all
living things?
organism W
organism X
organism Y
organism Z
A teacher asks her students to classify four animals
by completing the chart shown below. Which column correctly completes the chart?
The following table lists characteristics of
five different types of animals. Use the information in
the table to answer the following question(s). An animal has 20 body segments and has no
mandibles. Which type of animal is it?
Type II
Type IV
Type III
Type V
A certain organism has many cells, each containing
a nucleus. If the organism makes its own food, it
would be classified as
a bacterium
a fungus
an animal
a plant
According to the classification key, what
characteristic does a wolf have in common with a
caribou?
Backbone
Flat tails
Teeth
Hooves
SB4a
Which conclusion can be made regarding the species?
Species 1 is a predator of Species 2
Species 2 is a predator of Species 1
Species 1 and 2 have a mutualistic relationship
Species 1 and 2 have a commensalistic relationship.
SB5c
An organism is multicellular and can be seen without a microscope. The bar graph shows the numbers of some of the organelles in one of the cells from the organism.
From which kingdom is this organism?
Animalia
Archaebacteria
Fungi
Plantae
Sb1b
Which graph shows the most effective enzyme reduction of the amount of required activation energy?
A
B
C
D
Sb3a
Scientists conducted an experiment to determine how different wavelengths of light affected photosynthesis. They used two groups of the same plants. The leaves of Group 1 were covered with transparent green plastic. The leaves of Group 2 were not covered with any plastic. The results show that the plants photosynthesized best when their leaves were not covered in any plastic. Which hypothesis do the results support?
If leaves are uncovered, then their chloroplasts will produce more oxygen than the leaves that are covered in green plastic.
If leaves are covered in green plastic, then their mitochondria will absorb more carbon dioxide than the mitochondria of uncovered leaves.
If leaves are uncovered, then their chloroplasts will release more carbon dioxide than the chloroplasts of leaves covered in green plastic.
If leaves are covered in green plastic, then their mitochondria will produce more oxygen than the leaves that are uncovered
sb4b
Energy is transferred between trophic levels in a food pyramid. If 150,000 joules of sunlight are captured by plants, how much energy is transferred to secondary consumers?
150 joules
1,500 joules
15,000 joules
150,000 joules
SB4c
The table shows the changes in size of the populations of grasses, shrubs, and trees over 150 years.
What type of succession was taking place?
primary succession because trees replaced bushes
secondary succession because the type of species changed twice
primary succession because there was a decrease in the number of species
secondary succession because the first organisms to grow were grasses
SB2a
Selected-Response
After conducting several tests, a scientist determines that the nucleic acid sample he is studying has the following characteristics: • Contains nucleotides linked in a chain • Contains 4 nitrogen bases • Made of single strand • Uracil is present What is the BEST conclusion the scientist can make based on the observations?
he nucleic acid is DNA
The nucleic acid is RNA.
The nucleic acid is a protein.
More tests would be needed to determine the type of nucleic acid in the sample.
SB2d
Scientists have studied organisms near steel mills. In one study, the scientists compared the DNA of two groups of mice. One group lived near a steel mill, and the other group lived in a rural area away from the steel mill. The scientists collected data on the number of mutations occurring in each group and created the table shown.
Which prediction can be made from this data?
Mice that live in rural areas will have more genes expressed than mice near steel mills.
Mice that live near steel mills will have more genes expressed than mice in rural areas
Mice that live in rural areas will have higher rates of abnormalities due to mutations than mice near steel mills
Mice that live near steel mills will have higher rates of abnormalities due to mutations than mice in rural areas.
Sb5e
Scientists and farmers studied how populations of insects on a farm changed after the farmer started using an insecticide on the crops. The diagram shows population sizes, both before and after the insecticide was applied.
What conclusion can be made about the Insect A and Insect B populations?
The insecticide was specific to Insect B
The insecticide became less effective for Insect A
Some insects passed a beneficial mutation to offspring
The farmer missed spraying insecticide on some plants
The Electron Transport Chain is a series of chemical reactions in which energy is transferred to form a large amount of what molecule?
glucose
oxygen
pyruvic acid
ATP
Students modeled the changes in cells during mitosis, using paper plates, flat wooden sticks, cotton swabs and construction paper. Which statement correctly uses the model to explain how mitosis maintains genetic continuity?
The chromosomes in cell 1 are the same as in cells 6 and 7
Crossing-over occurs in cell 4, which increases the genetic diversity in cells 6 and 7
When the unclear membrane reforms in cell 5, each nucleus becomes diploid in number.
The independent assortment that is represented in cell 2 ensures that cell 3 has the correct number of chromosomes.
If a cell containing 5% salt is placed into a glass of water with 20% salt, the solution is _______ compared to the cell.
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
Which statement BEST describes how embedded proteins help a plasma membrane perform its function?
They prevent waste material from leaving a cell.
They prevent water molecules from entering a cell.
They allow certain kinds of molecules to enter or leave a cell.
They allow substances dissolved in water to enter or leave a cell.
Mitchell is creating a model of a plant cell. Mitchell wants to include organelles that are involved in energy production for the cell. Which organelles should Mitchell include?
Mitchell should use mitochondria to store energy and cytoplasm to release energy from food/glucose.
Mitchell should include the nucleus to transform light energy and chloroplasts to store energy.
Mitchell should include cytoplasm to store energy and lysosomes to release energy from food/glucose.
Mitchell should include chloroplasts to transform light energy and mitochondria to release energy from food/glucose.
Sydney created a cell model for her science project as shown above. Sydney needs to label her model. Which statement BEST describes the type of model Sydney created?
Sydney has created a plant cell model because only plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall.
Sydney has created an animal cell model because only animal cells contain a nucleus and a cell wall.
Sydney has created a plant cell model because only plant cells contain cytoplasm and a cell membrane.
Sydney has created an animal cell model because only animal cells contain chloroplasts and a cell membrane.
Which describes an interaction between the Golgi apparatus and another organelle to maintain a cell's homeostasis?
The Golgi apparatus stores nutrients provided by the mitochondria.
The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins created by ribosomes.
The Golgi apparatus collects genetic information to be used by the nucleus.
The Golgi apparatus sends and receives chemical signals for the membrane.
In a cell, the information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to what other cell structure?
mitochondrion
cell membrane
chloroplast
ribosome
The fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane suggests that the membrane is primarily composed of proteins and lipids. Which of the following is a function of proteins in the cell membrane?
to allow substances to cross the plasma membrane via active transport
to provide a hydrophilic head so that water can enter the cell
to package and sort molecules to be sent in vesicles
to read messenger RNA to assemble amino acids
Which of the following is the most accurate statement comparing cell membranes and cell walls?
Cell walls prevent everything from entering the cell, while cell membranes allow some things to enter.
Cell membranes function mostly as selectively permeable gatekeepers while cell walls function mainly as support systems.
Cell membranes are found only in animal cells; cell walls are found only in plant cells.
Cell walls function mostly for photosynthesis while cell membranes function mostly for cellular respiration.
An environmental toxin is discovered that interferes with certain cellular functions. When affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins are normally found in the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm. Other proteins are also located improperly. Which structure is most likely affected by the toxin?
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Golgi apparatus
Which term best completes the concept map above?
an animal cell
a prokaryotic cell
a virus
a plant cell
The diagram above shows how living things use enzyme in chemical reactions to release energy. How do enzymes affect the reactions in which they take part?
Most enzymes slow down chemical reactions.
Enzymes are converted into products in the reaction.
Enzymes increase the activation energy of the reaction.
Enzymes decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
Use the table above to answer the question. Which two students correctly described organic compounds in the table above?
Students 1 and 2
Students 2 and 3
Students 3 and 4
Students 2 and 4
Hemoglobin is a protein found in the red blood cells of vertebrates and in the plasma of many invertebrates. The function of this protein is to transport oxygen throughout the body and to bring carbon dioxide back to be expelled from the organism. If the amino acid sequence of the protein is altered, the mutated protein is not as efficient at carrying oxygen as is the normal hemoglobin. Which argument is supported by this information?
The mutated hemoglobin protein can still carry carbon dioxide to be expelled from the organism.
Hemoglobin must be a simple molecule because it is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
Structural changes of hemoglobin affect its ability to carry oxygen, indicating that the shape of a protein is important to its function.
Normal hemoglobin must be a larger molecule than the mutated hemoglobin since it has sufficient space to attach to and carry both oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide molecules.
The picture above shows a red blood cell made up of a protein molecule called hemoglobin. Protein molecules, like the one in the picture, can be broken down into smaller components called
monosaccharides, or simple sugars.
fatty acids.
amino acids.
polysaccharides, or complex sugars.
The function of the nucleic acids contained in the body cells of an organism is
directing the synthesis of proteins necessary for proper cell function.
producing the inorganic molecules needed for normal cell growth.
disrupting meiosis and the synthesis of amino acids into a sequence.
forming a variety of gametes that will pass on hereditary information.
A student set up the following investigation. An artificial membrane separates two fluid-filled compartments. This membrane is permeable to water but impermeable to sucrose. Both compartments initially hold the same amount of fluid, which consists of sucrose dissolved in water. The fluid in compartment A is a 20% sucrose solution. The fluid in compartment B is a 35% sucrose solution. Which prediction is correct?
Water will move from compartment A to compartment B by osmosis.
Water will move from compartment B to compartment A by osmosis.
Sucrose will move from compartment A to compartment B by diffusion.
Sucrose will move from compartment B to compartment A by diffusion.
Use the illustration of a cell in its environment above to answer the question. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what will most likely happen after a certain amount of time?
The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell.
The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell.
The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell.
The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.
Which means of particle transport is shown in the figure above?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Maggie places cells of Elodea, a freshwater plant, on a wet-mount microscope slide. She uses a saltwater solution to prepare the slide. When she observes the cells under the microscope, what is she MOST LIKELY to see?
The cells will shrink within the cell walls.
The cells will swell, expanding the cell walls.
The cell walls will dissolve, releasing the cell.
The cells will not be affected and remain unchanged.
A balloon allows water but not sugar to pass through it. The balloon contains a 10% sugar solution. A beaker contains a 5% sugar solution. Which statement is true?
When placed in the beaker, the balloon will gain water by osmosis.
When placed in the beaker, the balloon will lose water by osmosis.
When placed in the beaker, the balloon will gain water by active transport.
When placed in the beaker, the balloon will lose water by active transport.
Use the diagram above to answer the question. The diagram shows a beaker of water and molecules of red dye at the beginning of an experiment (Time 1) and the same beaker of water and molecules of red dye after 30 minutes (Time 2). Which of the following BEST explains what happened?
Molecules of red dye moved by diffusion from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Molecules of red dye moved by active transport from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Molecules of water moved by osmosis from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Molecules of water moved by active transport from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
Which statement describes a property shared by lipids and carbohydrates?
both dissolve in water
both are sources of energy in a cell
both have the same number of oxygen atoms
both have the same number of carbon-hydrogen bonds
Scientists isolate an organic macromolecule that plays a role in digestion. When this polymer is not present , the rate of one of the chemical reactions required for digestion decreases greatly.Which category of macromolecule are these scientists most likely studying?
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
protein
What structural differences explains why lipids provide more energy than an equal mass of proteins or carbohydrates?
lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram than proteins or carbohydrates
Lipids have more nitrogenous bases per gram than proteins or carbohyrdrates
Lipids have more amino acids per gram tha proteins or carbohydrates
Lipids have more simple sugars per gram than proteins or carbohydrates
Human heart cells require a constant release of energy to function continuously. Which structure would be numerous in such cells to meet this demand?
Golgi Bodies
Nuclei
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which statement BEST compares the roles of organelles in making proteins?
Vesicles modify proteins,while golgi bodies manufacture proteins
Rough ER transports proteins, while the cell membrane modifies them
Chromosomes modify proteins, while the nuclear membrane produces proteins
Ribosomes produce proteins, while the nucleus contains protein blueprints
Which statement BEST distinguishes the roles of chloroplasts and mitochondria in maintaining homestasis in a cell?
Chlroplasts regulate movement of materials in plant cells; regulate movement of materials in animals cells
Chloroplasts produce glucose molcules; mitochondria break down glucose molecules
Chlroplasts break down proeins; mitochondria generate new proteins
Chloroplasts store water and wastes; mitochondria provide support for the cell
Which is a way in which exocytosis differs from ther pumping of calcium ions against a concentration gradient?
Exocytosis is a form of passive transport
Exocytosis does not involve a carrier protein
Exocyctosis occurs with the concetration gradient
Exocytosis requires an expenditure of energy by the cell
Which is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
Electron transport,Kreb's cycle,Glycolysis
Glycolysis,Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport
Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport, Glycolysis
Kreb's Cycle, Glycolysis, Electron Transport
Suppose that a strand of DNA has the following sequence of bases; AAGTTC. What sequence of bases will the complimentary strand of DNA have?
GGCAAT
GGTCCA
TTACCG
TTCAAG
Transcription creates an mRNA molecule using DNA as as a template. Where does this process occur in cells of eukaryotes?
in the nucleus
in the cytoplasm
in the ribosomes
in the Golgi apparatus
If the cell membrane could not function properly, what would be the most immediate impact on a cell's ability to maintain homeostasis?
The substances in the cytoplasm would change
Most mitochondria would stop functioning
The instructions for making proteins would be modified
Transport along the endoplasmic reticulum would slow down.
DNA replication results in two separate DNA molecules. How are the DNA molecules at the end of the process related to the DNA molecule at the begining of the process?
One strand of the original DNA molecule becomes one strand in each of the new DNA molecules ,While each other strand is made from cytoplasmic nucleotides
Both strands of the original DNA molecule are stripped of their nitrogenous bases and each strand of the new DNA molecules is made using cytoplasmic bases
Both strands of the original DNA molecule are broken down to their nucleotides and each strand of the new DNA molecules made from cytoplasmic nucleotides
Both strands of the original DNA molecule are in one of the new DNA molecules and the other new DNA molecule is constructed from cytoplasmic nucleotides
At the cellular level ,lipids are the primary component of the cell membrane. Which statement would BEST support the argument that the structure of a lipid is related to this function?
Lipids contain many hydrogen bonds
Lipids are insoluble
Lipids are constructed to store genetic information
Lipids are composed of amino acids
A student investigated photosynthesis .In her lab report, she wanted to add a diagram summarizing the process. Which flow chart provides the BEST summary of photosynthesis.
Carbon + Water + Oxygen = Carbohydrates
Carbon + Water = Carbohydrates and Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide + Water = Carbohydrates and Oxygen
Water + Oxygen = Carbohydrates and Carbon Dioxide
Consider this DNA nucleotide sequence:
ACG GTT CTA GAC
Which mutation will result in a frame shift?
Substitution of T for the first A in a frame shift
Deletion of GTT from the sequence
Insertion of C at the start of the sequence
Substitution of ATA for ACG in the sequence
Which combination of alleles represents the same phenotype but different genotypes
Aa and AA
Aa and aa
AA and aa
Aa and Aa
Which statement summarizes the law of independent of assortment?
A parent can pass on only one allele of each gene to any one offspring
A recessive trait will only be expressed if two recesive alleles are present
The chance of inheriting an allele is not affected by inheriting any other allele
The probability of offspring inheriting either allele from a parent is 50%
This punnent square shows a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for a particular trait. Based on this cross, what percentage of the offspring are likely to show the recessive phenotype?
0%
25%
50%
100%
Which is a theoretical benefit of cloning?
The variation in species could be increased
Organisms with new traits could be produced
Genetic diseases in humans could be cured
Populations of endangered species could be increased
A gene for human growth hormone (HGH) production is taken from human DNA and inserted in a bacterial plasmid. Which statement explains why bacteria are used as a host for organisms for creating recombinant DNA in this example?
They replicate quickly, with each cell producing HGH
They can be injected directly into patients to produce HGH
They digest the gene and metabolize the nucleotides into HGH
They provide the HGH production gene that can be inserted into a human cell
The first panel shows a segment of DNA from a cow.The next three panels are segments from three calves. Which calf is most ; likely the offspring of the cow in panel one?
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
None of the above
Genetic variation can arise in different ways.The diagram shows an example that occurs during meiosis. Which term describes this source of genetic variation?
crossing over
nondisjunction
substitution mutation
insertion mutation
The ability to taste a bitter chemical called PTC is a dominant trait in humans. The Punnent square below shows a cross between two parents who are heterozygous for the ability to taste this chemical.Based on the information provided, what is the probability that these parents will produce an offspring who cannot taste PTC?
50%
25%
75%
100%
Almost all commercially available bannanas are genetically identical. Customers like the fact that bannanas sold in grocery stores are seedless and are consistent in size,color, and taste. Yet scientists have recently discovered a problem facing bannana plants. Which statement describes MOST LIKELY risk to genetically identical plants?
The plants grow mroe slowly than wild types
The fruits ripen too soon after they are harvested
The plants are susceptible to a new disease causing fungus
The bannanas ahve less nutritional value with each generation
A student gathered information as a result of the second divison of meiosis and recorded the following information: Could result in disease-resistant pests, Reduces genetic variation, Can harm environment in some circumstances
Based on the information they recorded,Which question did the student ask to guide their research?
What are some uses of biotechnology
What are some economic advantages of GMO crops?
What are some possible risks of genetic engineering?
What are some ethical considerations invoved in cloning?
Meiosis plays a role in variability of the offspring produced by sexual reproduction. The answer to which question would BEST help explain this relationship?
What happens to gene pairs as gametes form?
What happens when two genes are codominant?
How do mutations occur during DNA replication?
How can punnent squares be used to find phenotype ratios?
Which statement would BEST support an argument that sexual reproduction provides an advantage over asexual reproduction in a changing environment?
sexual reproduction provides greater variation
sexual reproduction takes less energy and time
sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring
sexual reproduction produces fewer offspring
A body cell in an organism develops a DNA mutation.This beneficial mutation causes production of a more efficient enzyme for digestion.Where will the mutation be found over time?
in the organism only
in organism's immediate offspring only
in the organism and its immediate offspring only
in the organism ,its offspring, and all its direct descendants
A trait for petal color in snapdragon flowers has two alleles ,white and red, that demonstrate incomplete dominance.If one white and one red individual are crossed what percentage of their offspring are likely to have pink petals
25%
50%
75%
100%
A gardening company grows plant species X,which has white flowers.Over time,the company also develops a new variety of plant X that has blue flowers.The company would like to sell the blue-flowering variety to the public. What is the best way to avoid genetic recombination from one generation to the next to ensure that customers will only receive blue flowering plants?
Make new plants by allowing the old plants to form runners
Sell seeds to customers so they can grow as many plants as they like
Raise plants in different environmental conditions to find the best plants
Grow plants from seed to quickly produce large numbers of plants for sale
An organism is multicellular and made up of eukaryotic cells.The organism can move from one place to another.Its cells do not have cell walls or chloroplasts. In which kingdom should the organism be classified?
animals
fungi
plants
viruses
According to the cladogram, which is more closely related?
Mammalia and Crocodylia
Non-avian Dinosaurs and crocodylia
Lepidosauria and Testudines
Mammalia and Lepidosauria
As plants divereged from a common ancestor,characteristic features that distinguished the main plant groups from one another. Which statement shows evolutionary sequence in which these features developed?
Vascular tissue,seeds,flowers
Seeds,vascular tissue, flowers
Flowers, seeds, vascular tissue
At one time scientists classified all bacteria in a single kingdom. Today, prokaryotic organisms are instead classified in two domains (archaea and bacteria).Assume tha a scientist has found several new types of prokraryotes to classify.She argues that all of these prokaryotes should be classified into domain archaea.What information BEST supports her argument?
The prokaryotes lack a nucleus
The prokaryotes have cell walls
The prokaryotes cause human disease
The prokaryotes grow only in hoit springs
Scientists once classified fungi as plants. Which statement BEST supports the argument that fungi should be classified in their own kingdom?
The cells of plants have nuclei, but the cells of fungi do not
Fungi are capable of independent movement, but plants are not
Plant cells have chloroplasts, but fungal cells do not
The cells of fungi have cell walls, but plants do not
A student researched the similarities and differences and differences between viruses and organisms. Which statement BEST supports the argument that viruses share some similarities with living things?
They both get energy from their environment
They both contain proteins and nucleic acids
They both reproduce on their own
They both have a shell called a capsid
A team of scientist is studying fossils of early reptiles and birds. Which aspect of fossil evidence is MOST LIKELY to help the researchers begin to construct a phylogentics tree?
The average number of offspring produced by each species
The estimated number of reptile or bird species that are now extinct
The number of modern-day reptile and bird species represented by the fossils
The approximate date when each reptile or bird first appeared in the fossil record
Brown bears and coyotes are both classified in the carnivora order.Based on this information, which TWO inferences can be made?
They also belong to the same class of organisms
They are members of the same species
They are members of the same genus
They are also classified in the same kingdom of organisms
They both have cells with cell walls
Which scientific information would be LEAST useful in constructing an argument supporting the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts make copies of themselves by dividing
Some eukaryotic cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as bacteria
The ribosomes of mitochondria and chlroplasts are similar to those in prokaryotes
Which list order the levels of ecological organization from simplest to most complex?
Biome,ecosystem,community,population,organism
Community, ecosystem,biome,organism,population
Organism, population, biome,ecosystem,community
Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome
Corals live near the ocean surface in some warm water regions of the world. The corals provide a home for algae. The algae, in turn, produce food that is used by the corals. Which is a biotic factor in this ecosystem?
The amount of sunlight that reaches the coral
The coral population
The salt content of the water
The temperature of the water
Which biotic factor would be the MOST effective in maintaining homeostasis in an ecosystem?
the absence of large trees
the presence of many ponds
the presence of many species
the absence of predators
In a grassland ecosystem, a vegetation grows, reproduces, and dies, the amount of soil increases. Over time, as the remains of plants and animals decompose (break down), nutrients increase in the soil. Which statement BEST describes how the stability of the ecosystem will be affected?
Biodiversisty will likely decrease, which will decrease the stability of the ecosystem
Biodiversity will likely decrease, which will increase the stability of the ecosystem
Biodiversity will likely increase , which will decrease the stability of the ecosystem
Biodiversity will likely increase, which will increase the stability of the ecosystem
Which sequence shows the transfer of energy within an ecosystem?
carnivore→herbivore→decomposer→omnivore
omnivore→carnivore→herbivore→primary consumer
producer→decomposer→herbivore→omnivore
producer→herbivore→carnivore→decomposer
About how much energy is available at the the third trophic level if the first has 300,000 kilocalories of available energy?
abotu 300 kilocalories
about 3,000 kilocalories
about 30,000 kilocalories
about 300,000 kilocalories
How do scientists account for the decrease in available energy from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level?
the energy available to the organisms at the lower trophic levels
the energy of the sun cannot be fully exploited by producers
the energy is stored in energy dense molecules for decomposers
the energy is used by organisms for life functions or is lost as heat
Which processes return water vapor to the atmosphere
evaporation and condensation
precipitation and condensation
transpiration and evaportation
transpiration and precipitation
Organisms that perform nitrogen fixation belong to which group?
fungi
plants
animals
bacteria
Which process is a source of phosphorous in the ecosystem?
erosion by rock and water
fixation by bacteria in the soil
repiration by plants and animals
photosynthesis by plants and algae
Which is one way in which photosynthesis is involved in the carbon cycle
Photosynthesis produces CO2 which is released into the atmosphere
Photosynthesis returns carbon from organisms to the soil
Photosynthesis releases glucose into the atmosphere
Photosynthesis uses CO2 from the atmosphere
Which of these factors will affect a population regardless of the populations density?
Competition
Disease
Flooding
Parasitism
A researcher uses a logistic model of population growth. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between time and population size in a logistic model?
Over time, population size increases without limit
Over time, population size increases and then levels off to a minnimum
Population size is not related to the passage of time
Over time, population size decreases and then levels off to a minnimum value
As limiting factors, how do diseases differ from forest fires?
Diseases can slow the growth of a population
Diseases increase the carrying capacity of an ecosystem
Diseaeses reduce all populations in an ecosystem by the same proportion
Disease have a greater effect on a dense population than on one that is less dense
Which statement BEST describes an exponential model of population growth?
It assumes that the population size levels off
It assumes that the only best-adapted organisms reproduce
it assumes an environment that includes no limiting factors
It assumes that the population does not exceed the carrying capcity
How does deforestation contribute ot global warming?
It decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
It increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
It decreases the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
It increases the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere
Which statement BEST describes conservation efforts?
Methods of conserving resources have both costs and benefits
Methods of conserving resources all have the same costs and benefits
The benefits of conserving resources always outweigh the costs
Mnay methods of conserving resources hav eonly benefits
The leaves of a plant have a waxy coating. In which environmnt does the plant MOST likely live.
tropical rain forest
arid grassland
coastal wetland
coniferous forest
Which is an example of a structural adaptation?
The growth of a houseplant toward sunlight
Seeds that sprout after a forest fire
Dormancy of a plant during a drought
The wing-shaped seeds of a tree
In early December, the right whale travels from the North Atlantic to the ocean near Georgia to birth in the warm and relatively calm waters off the coast. Which behavioral adaptation does it show
Hibernation
Migration
Mimicry
Predation
What makes up a population's gene pool?
All the alleles carried by members of the population
All the alleles expressed in members of the population
All the favorable alleles carried by members of the popualtion
All the dominant alleles carried by members of the population
Which of these are required for natural selection?
All the individuals of a population must be identical
There must be a small number of individuals in a population
There must be variation among members of a population
A population of individuals must be forced out of their natural habitat
A certain mammal population contains two alleles for claw length. Some members of the population have long claws that enable them to climb trees, while most members do not. When a new predator that feeds on these mammals is introduced into this environment, some long-clawed mammals climb up trees to escape.
Which statement describes the MOST likely impact of natural selection on the population
The alleles for long claws will increase in the population
The alleles for long claws will decrease in the population
The alleles for short claws will increase in the population
The alleles for short claws will disappear from the population
Why do some strains of bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
The bacteria grow in habitats protected from antibiotics
The bacteria develop a method of surviving wihtout energy
Some bacteria that live in host organisms are not affected by natibiotics
Some bacteria develop an adaptation that enables them to survive in the prescence of antibiotics
Which factor is required for genetic equilibrium?
nonrandom mating
small population size
absence of genetic drift
presence of heritable mutations
Which is a factor in genetic equilibrium?
Nonrandom mating
Small population size
Absence of genetic drift
Presence of heritable mutations
A single population of lizards living on an island in the Pacific Ocean becomes seperated into two populations due to volcanic activity.Which statement describes the MOST likely outcome of this event after several generations?
One population will become extinct
Different traits will appear in each population
Each population will begin to breed at a different time
The two populations will maintain the same genotypes
Fossils of an animal called Ichthyostega show that it had lungs and legs. It also had gills, teeth, and a tail similar to that of a fish. Ichthyostega is considered to be one of the first amphibians. Other fossils show that amphibians lost these fish like features.
How might scientists interpret the fossil of Ichthyostega?
It was an early primitive fish
It was the last example of an amphibian with lungs
It might be an animal that clould live on land and in water
It might be a connection to birds that were also efficient swimmers
Which of these lines of evidence wold not be used by a biologist to determine the relationship btween two organisms?
Bone structure
Genetic traits
Fossil age
Population size
The flipper-like wings of penguin and the fins of a fish help both animals survive in aquatic environment, but the structures develop differently. Which inference might a scientist make by comparing penguin wings and fish fins?
The two animals have many similar structures
The two animals have similar embryonic structures
The two animals do not share a recent common ancestor
The two animals developed from a recent common ancestor
Some insect species are resistant ot pesticides.Which statement BEST explains this phenomenom?
Natural selection resulted in unfavorable variation of the insects
Random variation in the population led to a population with a favorable adaptation
Some of the insects became instantly immune when poisons were introduced
Because their survival depends on it, the insects developed variations that made them resistant to poisons
