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Earth and Space Science CHAPTER 4 Earth's Minerals and Rocks

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 5hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Quartzite is a _______

a)

Foliated

b)

Non-Foliated

2.

__________ is a metamorphosed quartz sandstone

a)

Schist

b)

Gneiss

c)

Quartzite

d)

Marble

3.

A ________ metamorphic rock is banded with minerals showing alignment

a)

Foliated

b)

Non-foliated

4.

Select all possible answers:

Which of the following metamorphic rocks are foliated?

a)

Quartzite

b)

Schist

c)

Phyllite

d)

Slate

5.

Which of the following rocks is formed by regional metamorphism?

a)

Andesite

b)

Basalt

c)

Gneiss

d)

Hornfels

6.

Metamorphic rocks are altered by heat and pressure.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

7.

Heat and pressure change the physical and chemical nature of a rock.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

8.

Sediment can only be found in bodies of water.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

9.

Which type of sedimentary rock is formed by the crystallization of chemical precipitates?

a)

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

b)

Chemical sedimentary rocks

c)

Clastic sedimentary rocks

d)

None of the above

10.

Which is a common chemical sedimentary rock?

a)

Rock salt

b)

Granite

c)

Conglomerate

d)

Slate

11.

Shale is made from:

a)

Jagged, angular rocks

b)

Round rocks

c)

Sand

d)

Clay

12.

Limestone can be considered both a chemical or organic sedimentary rock.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

13.

Lithification creates:

a)

Clastic or bioclastic sedimentary rocks

b)

Igneous rocks

c)

Fossiliferous metamorphic rocks

d)

Chemical sedimentary rocks

14.

Which of the following is an important depositional feature in sedimentary rocks?

a)

Compaction

b)

Cementation

c)

Lithification

d)

Cross-bedding

15.

Fill in the blank:

________ sedimentary rocks form as minerals precipitate from a fluid rather than being squeezed and cemented together.

a)

Clastic

b)

Chemical

c)

Combined

16.

Which of the following can result in the formation of sedimentary rock?

a)

The accumulation of shell fragments

b)

The cementation of former sand deposits

c)

Lake sediment that is squeezed together by overlying sediment

d)

All of the above

17.

Which environment would you be most likely to find sedimentary rocks?

a)

Near active volcanoes

b)

River deltas

c)

Mountain ranges

d)

Deep ocean trenches

18.

What type of rock is formed by the deposit of sediments compacted together?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Igneous

19.

Which of the following is NOT an example of sediment?

a)

Cement

b)

Sand

c)

Wilt

d)

Pebble

e)

Clay

20.

Select all possible answers:

How might an increase in global sea level influence the preservation of fossils in sedimentary rocks?

a)

It can cause the erosion and destruction of sedimentary rock layers, resulting in the loss of some fossils

b)

Fossils will become compressed and flattened as a result of the increased pressure from rising sea levels

c)

It has no impact on the formation and preservation of fossils in sedimentary rocks

d)

More fossils will form due to the greater deposition of sediment

21.

Select all possible answers:

What happens to sediments before they can form a sedimentary rock?

a)

Transportation

b)

Deposition

c)

Weathering

d)

Cooling

22.

Mafic magma forms ________ as an extrusive rock and _________ as an intrusive rock.

a)

Basalt, gabbro

b)

Basalt, granite

c)

Andesite, diorite

d)

Rhyolite, granite

23.

Which pair of intrusive and extrusive rocks belongs to the same composition category?

a)

Andesite, diorite

b)

Rhyolite, diorite

c)

Diorite, darite

d)

All of the above

24.

Which rock type is dark in color?

a)

Felsic

b)

Mafic

25.

Magma cooling underground forms large crystals.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

26.

Pumice makes up most of the seafloor.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

27.

Which of the following is an example of igneous rock?

a)

Obsidian

b)

Granite

c)

Basalt

d)

Pumice

28.

Why do intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals?

a)

Because magma cools slowly

b)

Because magma cools quickly

c)

Because they are exposed to low temperatures

d)

Because they have a low density

29.

What is another term for an intrusive igneous rock?

a)

Volcanic

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Plutonic

d)

Metamorphic

30.

Which of the following describes the main difference between igneous rocks from continental and oceanic crust?

a)

Oceanic igneous rocks have higher silica content than continental igneous rocks

b)

Oceanic crust is mostly basalt and gabbro, while continental crust is mostly granite

c)

Continental igneous rocks are mostly mafic in composition, while oceanic igneous rocks are mostly felsic

d)

Oceanic igneous rocks are more resistant to weathering and erosion than continental igneous rocks

31.

Which type of igneous rocks contain aluminum and sodium are high in silica?

a)

Quartz

b)

Olivine

c)

Felsic

d)

Mafic

32.

Igneous rocks form when magma cools and forms crystals. How does the rate at which the magma cools affect the appearance of the rock?

a)

It affects the heat of the rock

b)

It affects the texture of the rock

c)

It affects the location where the rocks can be found

d)

It affects the colors of the rock

33.

Sedimentary rocks form when existing rocks are transformed by heat and pressure.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

34.

Select all possible answers:

You are exploring a volcanic island and come across two different types of rocks. One has large, dark-colored crystals, while the other has smaller, light-colored crystals. Which type of igneous rocks do you think you've found based on your observations of the rock, and what factors contribute to the differences in crystal size and color?

a)

The rock with smaller, light-colored crystals is most likely a felsic igneous rock, formed from faster cooling of magma rich in aluminum and sodium

b)

The rock with smaller, light-colored crystals is most likely mafic igneous rock, formed from faster cooling of magma rich in aluminum and sodium

c)

The rock with large, dark-colored crystals is most likely a mafic igneous rock, formed from the slow cooling of magma rich in iron and magnesium

d)

Both rocks are likely to be intermediate igneous rocks, formed from a balanced composition of magma and moderate cooling rates

35.

What happens to rocks when subjected to extreme heat and pressure?

a)

They are deposited as sedimentary rock

b)

They change in composition and texture

c)

They convert to igneous rock

d)

They are crushed into sediments

36.

Select all possible answers:

How can intense heat and pressure affect existing metamorphic rocks?

a)

Intense heat and pressure cause metamorphic rocks to weather and erode

b)

Intense heat and pressure cause the minerals in metamorphic rocks to recrystallize

c)

Intense heat and pressure cause metamorphic rocks to melt and become igneous rocks

d)

Intense heat and pressure cause metamorphic rocks to break apart into sediments

37.

The rock cycle describes how one rock type transforms into another

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

38.

What is one type of rock that is NOT made from minerals?

a)

Basalt

b)

Jade

c)

Granite

d)

Coal

39.

Select all possible answers:

Which rock type can be made into a metamorphic rock?

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Metamorphic rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

40.

The rock in the image formed from the compaction of river sediment from a river delta. What type of rock is depicted in the image?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

41.

The minerals in a rock can give clues about how the rock was formed. What influences how different minerals form?

a)

Environmental conditions

b)

Colors

c)

Rock cycles

d)

Eras

42.

What is the molten rock inside the Earth called?

a)

Lava

b)

Plasma

c)

Magma

d)

None of the above

43.

A mineral that forms when water evaporates is _________

a)

Gold

b)

Silver

c)

Halite

d)

Diamond

44.

Magma erupts out of Earth as:

a)

Plasma

b)

Latex

c)

Lava

d)

None of the above

45.

Minerals form from hot water in this way:

a)

Hot underground water dissolves materials from rocks, but then as the water moves through the rock it cools and precipitates minerals

b)

Hot water dissolves materials as it moves through the rock, but then the water evaporates and leaves behind minerals

c)

Hot water contains minerals that precipitate when the water evaporates away

d)

As pressure on the hot water lowers, minerals are stable and precipitate from the water

46.

How do minerals form?

a)

Deposits from groundwater

b)

Crystallization of magma

c)

Evaporation of saltwater

d)

All of the above

47.

Luster is the physical property that describes which of the following?

a)

How shiny or dull the mineral appears

b)

What color mark the mineral leaves when scraped on the white tile

c)

How quickly the mineral sinks through water

d)

How hard the mineral is to break

48.

Why does halite break into cubes?

a)

It fractures along perpendicular planes

b)

This is the way the weaker chemical bonds break

c)

Its fibers are perpendicular to each other and that is how it breaks

49.

Breaking a mineral doesn't break its chemical bonds

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

50.

Which mineral has the distinctive property of reactivity to acid?

a)

Magnetite

b)

Fluorite

c)

Sulfur

d)

Calcite

51.

Which of the following would display the reactivity (a chemical property) of a mineral?

a)

Is easily scratched by a piece of quartz

b)

Has a shiny surface

c)

Breaks easily when struck with a chisel

d)

Bubbles when touched by acid

52.

A mineral's cleavage describes which of the following?

a)

The mineral's ability to resist being scratched

b)

The pattern or patterns according to which it breaks

c)

What kind of mark it leaves on white tile

d)

The way light reflects off the surface

53.

__________ make up over 90% of Earth's crust

a)

Carbonates

b)

Halides

c)

Phosphates

d)

Silicates

54.

Silicate minerals are made up of

a)

Calcium, iron and magnesium in any number bonded with silica in a pyramid shape

b)

One silicon atom bound to three oxygen atoms to form a geometric shape

c)

Silica tetrahedra, which may be bound to other elements

d)

Silica pyramids, which are bound only to each other, but in different structures

55.

Select all possible answers:

Which of the following elements are part of the largest mineral group?

a)

Magnesium

b)

Carbon

c)

Barium

d)

Iron

56.

In how many ways can silica tetrahedra combine?

a)

4

b)

8

c)

5

d)

6

57.

Minerals have a specific chemical composition.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

58.

A crystal is a solid in which atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

59.

The bonds between atoms in a diamond are weak.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

60.

What is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern?

a)

Crystal

b)

Rock

c)

Gemstone

d)

Molecule

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