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APES Unit 1 (Full)

Total questions: 135

Worksheet time: 2hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
During photosynthesis, carbon is moved from which reservoir to which reservoir?
a)
From the atmosphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
b)
From the troposphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
c)
From the lithosphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
d)
From the hydrosphere to the terrestrial biosphere
2.

How does carbon in a grass plant get into a lion?

a)

The lion eats an antelope that ate the grass

b)

Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion.

c)

The lion absorbs the carbon given off by transpiration

d)

The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant

3.
Which of the following add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
a)
volcanoes
b)
combustion of fossil fuels
c)
animal and plant respiration
d)
all of these
4.
Why do all organisms need nitrogen?
a)

To make proteins and nucleic acids (ex. DNA)

b)

To build lipids

c)
To make oxygen levels grow
d)

To help create carbohydrates and nucleic acids (ex. DNA)

5.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria, lives in nodules on the root of a plant called
a)
Broccoli
b)
Legumes
c)
Beats
d)
Carrots
6.
How nitrogen is "fixed" into useable form for plants
a)
only through action of bacteria
b)
only through lightning
c)
through action of bacteria & lightning
d)
through photosynthesis
7.
Organisms that break down dead plants & animals and release nitrogen back into atmosphere...
a)
bacteria
b)
plants
c)
animals
d)
producers
8.

Organisms that do not decompose can be buried and over a long period of time become what?

a)
water
b)
nutrients
c)
air
d)
fossil fuels
9.
Carbon can be found in...
a)
The atmosphere
b)
Soil
c)
Fossil fuels
d)
All of the above
10.

Respiration is the process by which plants and animals take in _____ and release _____. 

a)
photosynthesis, air
b)
carbon, oxygen
c)
oxygen
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
11.

What is the role of denitrifying bacteria

a)

change nitrate back into nitrogen gas

b)

change nitrogen gas into nitrate

c)

absorb carbon dioxide in the soil

d)

release oxygen gas into the atmosphere

12.
How do  animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)

consuming other organisms

c)
bacteria
d)
lightning 
13.
Building proteins and DNA is the reason organisms need what substance?
a)
Water
b)
Carbon
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Calcium
14.
Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?
a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
15.

The process of converting nitrogen into ammonium by bacteria.

a)

ammonification

b)

denitrification

c)

nitrofication

d)

detrivore

16.

The biological transformation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrites and nitrates.

a)

ammonification

b)

denitrification

c)

nitrification

d)

nitrogen fixation

17.

Bacterial action that results in the combination of atmospheric nitrogen with other elements; making nitrogen available for use by plants.

a)

ammonificaiton

b)

denitrification

c)

nitrification

d)

nitrogen fixation

18.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
19.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
20.

This is NOT a part of the phosphorus cycle.

a)

Phosphate is incorporated into sedimentary rocks

b)

Phosphate bound to soil

c)

Atmospheric phosphate

d)

Phosphate is absorbed from the soil by plants

21.
Phosphorous is passed from plants to ____ who eat them
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
scavengers
22.
_____ brings phosphorous into our waterways. .
a)
precipitation
b)
runoff
c)
transpiration
d)
condensation
23.
Which of the following statements is true of the phosphorus cycle?
a)
Phosphorus enters the atmosphere as phosphates.
b)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes the processes of erosion, and weathering.
c)
Phosphates are used in carbohydrate and glucose storage.
d)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes bacteria to breakdown phosphates and make them available for plants.
24.
What role do decomposers play in the phosphorous cycle?
a)
absorb phosphorous 
b)
release phosphorous into atmosphere
c)
return phosphorous into the soil
d)
combustion
25.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
26.

Why is phosphorus important to us in APES?

a)

it works alongside the nitrogen cycle to fertilize plants

b)

it is the primary component of mountains, which serve as habitats for animals

c)

it enhances decomposition of organic matter

d)

it is a component of many biological molecules, such as nucleic acids, some lipids, ATP, and bony structures

27.

The phosphorus cycle occurs much more quickly than the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

a)

true

b)

false

28.

Many towns use water from aquifers for drinking.  How does water get into aquifers? 

a)

rainwater runoff

b)

recharge zones, found mainly in wetlands 

c)

it runs off from rivers into the aquifers

d)
it evaporates from inside the Earth
29.
An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
a)
watershed
b)
groundwater
c)
permeability
d)
aquifer
30.
What is A?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
31.
What is B?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
32.
What is C?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
33.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
34.

Which process causes water to enter the atmosphere as water vapor?

a)

infiltration

b)

evaporation

c)

condensation

d)

precipitation

35.

When condensation occurs, water changes from a _________.

a)

gas to liquid

b)

liquid to gas

c)

solid to liquid

d)

solid to a gas

36.
Which of these is not an example of a commons?
a)
Aquifers
b)
The ocean
c)
Privately owned farms
d)
Highways
37.
Using resources in such a way that we continue living in a developed world, but at the same time we protect the environment. This is the definition of:
a)
Suspensability
b)
Ecology
c)
Sustainability
d)
Ecological precautions
38.

Which is an example of a sustainable practice?

I. Replanting a logged forest

II. Developing substitutes for nonrenewable resources

III. Banning the use of all fossil fuels without a planned transition to an alternative

a)

I only

b)

II only

c)

I and III

d)

I and II

e)

I, II, and III

39.

Terrestrial biomes are defined by ____ and ____ variables.

a)

temperature; precipitation

b)

temperature; animals

c)

precipitation; plants

d)

animals; plants

40.

Which of the following are examples of wetlands?

a)

swamps

b)

marshes

c)

bogs

d)

all of these are correct

41.

Which biome has warm temperatures, high precipitation, and little seasonal variation due to its location near the equator?

a)

Boreal forest

b)

Tropical rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Subtropical desert

42.

Phosphorus essentially does NOT have a ___ phase in its biogeochemical cycle.

a)

Solid

b)

Liquid

c)

Gas

43.

Which trophic level has the MOST biomass?

a)

Producers

b)

Primary Consumers

c)

Secondary Consumers

d)

Tertiary Consumers

44.

How much energy is LOST between trophic levels?

a)

10%

b)

90%

c)

100%

d)

50%

e)

75%

45.

Which of the following best explains why decomposers in soils and water are important to ecosystems?

a)

They recycle nutrients

b)

They store carbon

c)

They remove heavy metals

d)

The increase oxygen levels

e)

They neutralize acids

46.

The major biological source of dissolved oxygen in the ocean comes from ___

a)

decomposition of organic matter

b)

photosynthesis by phytoplankton

c)

metabolic processes in coral reefs

d)

respiration by zooplankton

47.

Two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are ___

a)

photosynthesis and respiration

b)

fixation and denitrification

c)

evaporation and transpiration

d)

weathering and erosion

48.

Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?

a)

temperate seasonal forest

b)

woodland/shrubland

c)

tundra

d)

boreal forest

49.

The ecological role an organism performs in their specific environment is considered the organism's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Biome

d)

Niche

50.

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature?

a)

Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis

b)

Carbon compounds rarely exist in the gaseous state

c)

Carbon sinks include old growth forests and oceans

d)

The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees

51.

Which organisms play the largest role in converting nitrogen into various usable forms and back to a gas form?

a)

rabbits

b)

bacteria

c)

plants

d)

worms

52.

Which of the following best describes weathering and erosion?

a)

when it rains on rocks

b)

decay of dead organisms

c)

break down of rocks that wash into the water

d)

when a volcano erupts

53.

What does denitrification do?

a)

converts fixed nitrogen into nitrogen gas

b)

converts nitrogen gas into fixed nitrogen

c)

makes nitrates

d)

makes ammonia

54.

The organisms represented by X are

a)

A) Decomposers

b)

B) Producers

c)

C) Carnivores

d)

D) Scavengers

55.

Which two organisms are classified as producers?

a)

A) tadpole and worm

b)

B) algae and grass

c)

C) grass and tadpole

d)

D) raccoon and algae

56.

Which population would be most immediately affected by the removal of the lizard

population?

a)

A) sedges

b)

B) algae

c)

C) ants

d)

D) centipedes

57.
What is happening at 1?
a)
respiration: releasing CO2
b)
decomposing COin the soil
c)
photosynthesis: absorbing CO2
d)
turning CO2 from the atmosphere into organic molecules
58.
What is the role of decomposers in an Ecosystem? 
a)
They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels
b)
They are burn and release as carbon dioxide
c)
Decomposers are responsible to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide
d)
They recycle energy back to the sun
59.
Plants and animals need nitrogen to make __________.
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Lipids
d)
Nucleic Acids
60.
When nitrogen gas is turned in to a form that plants and animals can use is called 
a)
Combustion
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Decomposition
d)
Nitrogen Fixation
61.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
62.

The major biological source of dissolved oxygen in the ocean comes from

a)

decomposition of organic sediments on the ocean floor

b)

oxidation of sulfur by bacteria in ocean vent communities

c)

photosynthesis by phytoplankton

d)

respiration by zooplankton

63.

Which of the following best describes soil in many tropical rain forests?

a)

They are permanently frozen

b)

They are nutrient rich due to leaf litter from winter

c)

They are identical to grassland soils

d)

They are nutrient poor due to high competition from plant species

64.

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

a)

Freshwater and marine biomes are evenly distributed on Earth.

b)

Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water.

c)

Freshwater biomes supply a greater portion of Earth’s oxygen than marine biomes

d)

Marine biomes include streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.

65.

Which aquatic biome provides the benefits of flood control, protection from storms, water filtration, and groundwater recharge?

a)

rivers and streams

b)

wetlands

c)

lakes

d)

open ocean

66.

Suppose that a new predator of the rabbit migrated to this ecosystem. What is the most likely initial effect on the other organisms?

a)

More competition among the mice for food

b)

More competition among the hawks for food

c)

Less competition among snakes for food

d)

Less grass available for food

67.

Which of the following has the lowest productivity?

a)

Lakes

b)

Estuaries

c)

Open Ocean

d)

Coral Reef

68.
Climates are classified according to two major factors:
a)
elevation and precipitation
b)
latitude and temperature
c)
elevation and latitude
d)
precipitation and temperature
69.
The ability to conserve water is an important adaptation in which biome?
a)
Coniferous Forest
b)
Deciduous Forest
c)
Desert
d)
Tundra
70.
 Which step of the nitrogen cycle does NOT involve bacteria?
a)
Nitrogen fixation 
b)
Denitrification 
c)
Nitrification 
d)
Assimilation
71.
Of the following, which occupies the lowest trophic level?
a)
Spider
b)

Otter

c)
Rabbit
d)
Tiger
72.
In this Food Web Pyramid Which type of consumer gets only 10% of the energy stored in plants?
a)
Herbivore
b)
Carnivore
c)
Omnivore
d)
Top carnivore
73.
In the energy pyramid shown, which organism has the least amount of biomass?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
74.
Humans impose the largest negative impact on the carbon cycle by ________________
a)
cultivating crops
b)
burning fossil fuels
c)
harnessing solar power
d)
mining
75.
Nitrogen becomes available to plants by all of the following processes EXCEPT
a)
ammonification 
b)
denitrification by denitrifiying bacteria
c)
nitrification by nitrifying bacteria
d)
nitrogen fixation in plant nodules
76.
Which of the following best explains why there are usually no more than five trophic levels in a food chain?
a)
there are not enough organisms to fill more than five levels
b)
there is too much competition among the organisms at the lower levels to support more animals at higher levels
c)
the statement is not true; there can be unlimited amount of trophic levels
d)
energy is lost at each trophic level
77.
Which species is the producer?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
78.
At which stage of the hydrologic cycle are conditions most likely to contribute to the development of an algal bloom? 
a)
Evaporation
b)
Runoff
c)
Infiltration
d)
Transpiration
79.
.What is the effect of deforestation on the carbon cycle? 
a)
 Increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere  
b)
Decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere 
c)
Increase in the amount of photosynthesis 
d)
Deforestation has no impact on the carbon cycle 
80.

Which of the following does not produce carbon dioxide?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Burning Fossil Fuels

c)

Animal respiration

d)

Plants decaying

81.

Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?

a)

cooking with gas

b)

planting trees

c)

burning wood

d)

riding in a bus

82.

The largest reservoir of nitrogen is the:

a)

Oceans

b)

Rivers

c)

Rock, Lithosphere, & Land

d)

Atmosphere

83.

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic factor affecting a biotic component?

a)

Composting manure is added to agriculture

b)

Phosphorous content in soil affecting plant growth

c)

Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere.

d)

Plants preventing soil erosion

84.

__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.

a)

Net

b)

Total

c)

Gross

d)

Secondary

85.

__________ primary productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).

a)

Gross

b)

Total

c)

Net

d)

Secondary

86.

The total quantity of all living matter in an area is called:

a)

Troposphere

b)

Net Primary Productivity

c)

Biomass

d)

Ecosystem

87.

Ecological efficiency from one trophic level to the next is generally:

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

75%

d)

90%

88.

If gross primary productivity in a wetland is 3 kg C/m2/year and respiration is 1.5 kg C/m2/year, what is the net Primary Productivity of the wetland?

a)

1.5 kg C/m2/year

b)

2 kg C/m2/year

c)

3 kg C/m2/year

d)

4.5 kg C/m2/year

89.

Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____ to release chemical energy.

a)

Cellular Respiration; photosynthesis

b)

Cellular Respiration; cellular respiration

c)

photosynthesis; cellular respiration

d)

photosynthesis; photosynthesis

90.
The rate at which photosynthetic primary producers incorporate energy from the sun is called
a)
Gross Primary Production
b)
Photosynthetic Primary Production
c)
Net Primary Production
d)
Primary Production
91.
How to calculate Net Primary Production:
a)
(GPP)(respiration)=NPP
b)
GPP/respiration=NPP
c)
GPP+respiration=NPP
d)
GPP-respiration=NPP
92.

Which ecosystem has the HIGHEST NPP?

a)

Swamp/marsh

b)

coral reef

c)

tropical rain forest

d)

Tropical seasonal forest

93.

If gross primary productivity is 5 gC/m2yr, and the producers need 1.5 gC/m2yr for their own respiration, what is the net primary productivity?

a)

3.5 gC/m2yr

b)

6.5 gC/m2yr

c)

-3.5 gC/m2yr

d)

7.5 gC/m2yr

94.
_________ is the amount of salt dissolved in water.
a)
Temperature
b)
Salinity
c)
Nutrients
d)
Pressure
95.
These are partially enclosed body of water where seawater is mixed with fresh water.
a)
Stream
b)
Estuary
c)
Watershed
d)
Swamp
96.
Phytoplankton live near the surface of the water because
a)
they eat krill which only are abundant near the surface of the water
b)
there are less predators near the surface of the ocean
c)
sunlight cannot reach great depths and they need it for photosynthesis
d)
they are blown there from the land and end up floating on the surface of the water until they are consumed
97.
Fresh water referrers to which of the following
a)
oceans, rivers, lakes
b)
ponds, rivers, oceans
c)
lakes, ponds,  streams
d)
streams, lakes, oceans
98.

Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____ to release chemical energy.

a)

Cellular Respiration; photosynthesis

b)

Cellular Respiration; cellular respiration

c)

photosynthesis; cellular respiration

d)

photosynthesis; photosynthesis

99.

The GPP of a certain producer is 5,000 gC/m2yr and the NPP is 4,000 gC/m2yr. What is the repsiratory energy needed by the autotrophs?

a)

cannot be determined from the information given

b)

1,000 gC/m2yr

c)

9,000 gC/m2yr

d)

-1,000 gC/m2yr

100.

Which ecosystem has the LOWEST NPP?

a)

Savanna

b)

Desert

c)

Tropical rain forest

d)

Taiga

101.
The area of the map shaded in yellow represents which of the following terrestrial biome
a)
Coniferous Forrest
b)
Deciduous Forrest 
c)
Desert
d)
Tundra
102.
The area of the map shaded in green represents which of the following terrestrial biome
a)
Coniferous Forrest
b)
Deciduous Forrest 
c)
Desert
d)
Tundra
103.
The area of the map shaded in dark blue represents which of the following terrestrial biome
a)
Coniferous Forest
b)
Deciduous Forest
c)
Desert
d)
Tundra
104.
Which biome has trees that lose their leaves during the fall season? 
a)
Coniferous Forest
b)
Deciduous Forest
c)
Desert
d)
Tundra
105.
The ability to conserve water is an important adaptation in which biome?
a)
Coniferous Forest
b)
Deciduous Forest
c)
Desert
d)
Tundra
106.

What are the two most significant factors that influence life in a biome?

a)

Average temp and precipitation

b)

Soil type and climate

c)

Plants and animals

107.

Tropical grasslands are also known as

a)

Prairies

b)

Savannas

c)

Rain lands

108.

Boreal forests are known for trees that shed their leaves in winter.

a)

True

b)

False

109.

All of the nonliving parts of an ecosystem

a)

biotic factors

b)

abiotic factors

c)

niche

d)

habitat

110.

All of the living or once living things in an ecosystem, or anything that originates from a living thing.

a)

biotic factors

b)

abiotic factors

c)

niche

d)

habitat

111.

Which of the following is a terrestrial ecosystem?

a)

forest

b)

pond

c)

ocean

d)

lake

112.

Which of the following is an aquatic ecosystem?

a)

forest

b)

prairie

c)

ocean

d)

desert

113.

Suppose that a new predator of the rabbit migrated to this ecosystem. What is the most likely initial effect on the other organisms?

a)

More competition among the mice for food

b)

More competition among the hawks for food

c)

Less competition among snakes for food

d)

Less grass available for food

114.

An ecosystem contains

a)

only one species

b)

multiple species

c)

living and non-living components

d)

all the similar biomes across the world

115.

A population is best described as

a)

only one species

b)

multiple species

c)

living and non-living components

d)

all the similar biomes across the world

116.
What do you call ALL the living things in the same environment?
a)
population
b)
community
c)
ecosystem
d)
biome
117.
All the organisms on earth get their energy directly or indirectly from?
a)
Oxygen
b)
Water 
c)
Nitrogen
d)
The Sun
118.
Most of the nutrients in a tropical rain forest are found in plants so, 
a)
the rain forest soil is very rich.
b)
there are few animals in the rain forest.
c)
the rainforest soil is poor in nutrients
d)
there are few plants in the rainforest.
119.
The biome known for trees with broad leaves that fall off the trees in the winter.
a)
Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forests
b)
Temperate Seasonal (Decidious) Forests
c)
Deserts
d)
Tropical Rain Forests
120.

One characteristic feature of the tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a permanently frozen subsoil. This characteristic is known as

a)

Hoarfrost

b)

Glaciation

c)

Permafrost

d)

Crystallization

121.

Which of the following has the lowest productivity?

a)

Lakes

b)

Estuaries

c)

Open Ocean

d)

Coral Reef

122.

Select the major types of Aquatic Biomes

a)

Rivers & Lakes

b)

Marine & Fresh water

c)

Oceans & Rivers

d)

Glaciers & Streams

123.

Which biome contains the aphotic zone?

a)

mangrove swamps

b)

strams and rivers

c)

coral reefs

d)

open ocean

124.

Most of the photosynthesis in lakes and ponds occurs in the?

a)

bentich zone

b)

littoral zone

c)

limnetic zone

d)

profundal zone

125.

Which of the following ecosystems experiences harsh conditions due to conditions from tides?

a)

Coral reef

b)

Freshwater wetlands

c)

Open ocean

d)

Intertidal zone

126.

Which of the following biomes has the lowest soil nutrient levels?

a)

Woodland/shrubland

b)

Boreal forest

c)

Temperate rainforest

d)

Tropical rainforest

127.

A person's ecological footprint is

a)

the land whtat a person lives on.

b)

the amount of carbon dioxide a person contributes to climate change.

c)

the land required to produce a person's food.

d)

the land needed to support all of a person's activities

128.

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of

a)

primary and secondary successsion

b)

invasion of exotic species

c)

increase in mean annual temperature and a decrease in mean annual precipitation

d)

an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

e)

an increase in total annual hours of sunlight

129.

Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions (including daily changes in sunlight, temperature, and water) ?

a)

open oceans

b)

lakes

c)

coral reefs

d)

intertidal zones

130.

Which aquatic biome provides the benefits of flood control, protection from storms, water filtration, and groundwater recharge?

a)

rivers and streams

b)

wetlands

c)

lakes

d)

open ocean

131.

What is the limiting nutrient in aquatic biomes?

a)

nitrogen

b)

phosphorus

c)

carbon

d)

hydrogen

132.

A plant that has air roots (does not grow in soil or water) is known as a(n) ______.

a)

evergreen

b)

succulent

c)

epiphyte

d)

deciduous

133.
Eutrophication
a)
is the result o excess carbon
b)
causes low BOD
c)
can cause dead zones
d)
is rarely caused by human activities
134.

Which of the following will result in accelerated eutrophication when introduced into streams, lakes, and bays?

a)

Bacteria and viruses

b)

pesticides

c)

herbicides

d)

phosphates

e)

acid wastes

135.

Eutrophication:

a)

lessens biodiversity.

b)

lowers the dissolved oxygen content of the water.

c)

is caused by nutrient enrichment.

d)

results in increased photosynthetic productivity.

e)

all of these