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Exam 4 Geology

Total questions: 133

Worksheet time: 2hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the soft layer of rock in the mantle that can act like a solid and a liquid?

a)

Core

b)

asthenosphere

c)

lithosphere

d)

crust

2.

The crust and the uppermost mantle make up this solid layer of hard rock.

a)

inner core

b)

asthenosphere

c)

lithosphere

d)

outer core

3.

How does the temperature change as you move from the crust to the core?

a)

it gets cooler

b)

it gets hotter

c)

it stays the same

d)

the core is frozen

4.

What is layer A?

a)

crust

b)

inner core

c)

outer core

d)

mantle

5.

What is layer B?

a)

crust

b)

inner core

c)

outer core

d)

mantle

6.

What is layer C?

a)

crust

b)

inner core

c)

outer core

d)

mantle

7.

What layer is D?

a)

crust

b)

inner core

c)

outer core

d)

mantle

8.

What did Alfred Wegener call the "Supercontinent" that existed 250 million years ago?

a)

North America

b)

Pangaea

c)

Eurasia

d)

Atlantica

9.

What is the liquid layer composed of nickel and iron?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

10.

Which descriptions is NOT correct?

a)

crust is a solid

b)

mantle is a gas

c)

outer core is a liquid

d)

inner core is a solid

11.

How many tectonic plates are there?

a)

12

b)

5

c)

3

d)

15

12.
_________ is how easily something can be scratched.
a)
specific gravity
b)
luster
c)
hardness
13.
_________ is how easily something can be scratched.
a)
specific gravity
b)
luster
c)
hardness
14.
___________ is the color of powdered mineral.
a)
Luster
b)
Streak
c)
Fracture
15.
Hardness, color, and luster are examples of a mineral's ___________.
a)
price
b)
weight
c)
property
d)
name
16.
What mineral is the softest?
a)
quartz (7)
b)
mica (2)
c)
feldspar (6)
d)
talc (1)
17.
What is the hardest mineral there is?
a)
Calcite
b)
Feldspar
c)
Quartz
d)
Diamond
18.
What property describes minerals as shiny, pearly, glassy, or dull?
a)
Luster
b)
Color
c)
Hardness
d)
Special Properties
19.

Which of these is NOT a property of minerals

a)

color

b)

texture

c)

size

d)

sound

20.

What scale is used to measure the hardness of a mineral?

a)

Miller's Hardness Test

b)

Harry's Hardness Scale

c)

Mohs Hardness Scale

21.

This is a beautiful piece of clear quartz. When you hit quartz with a small hammer it breaks in a rough, jagged way. What type of breakage does quartz have?

a)

Cleavage

b)

Fracture

22.
________ is the mass per unit volume.
a)
Crystal Structure
b)
Density
c)
Hardness
d)
Solid
23.
_______ is a property that describes a mineral  that splits evenly along flat surfaces.
a)
Cleavage
b)
Fracture
c)
Inorganic
d)
Organic
24.

Match the following

a)

Breaking apart rocks

1.

Weathering

b)

Moving rock or soil around

2.

Erosion

c)

Laying sediment down

3.

Deposition

25.

Weathering breaks down _____ into ______

a)

Mountains

b)

Boulders

c)

Rocks

d)

Pebbles

e)

Sand

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
26.

Gravity pulling rocks down a mountain is...

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

27.

Rivers carrying rocks downstream is...

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

28.

Glaciers picking up and carrying rocks and soil as they move is...

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

29.

A sand bar forming where sand gets left at the end of a river is...

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

30.

Silicates are minerals that are rich in...

a)

Selinium, Oxygen

b)

Selinium, Carbon

c)

Silicon, Oxygen

d)

Silicon, Carbon

31.

Inorganic means ________________.

a)

living

b)

nonliving

c)

crystal structure

d)

chemical composition

32.

When a liquid is __________dense it sinks and when it is __________ dense it rises.

a)

less, more

b)

more, more

c)

more, less

d)

less, less

33.

A ________ is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a fixed chemical composition.

a)

crystal

b)

rock

c)

quartz

d)

mineral

34.

The repeating pattern of a mineral's particles forms a solid called a ______.

a)

compound

b)

crystal

c)

element

d)

rock

35.

What Are The Three Main Types Of Rocks?

a)

Igneous, Depository, Metamorphic

b)

Depository, Igneous, Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic, Igneous, Depository

d)

Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary

36.

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

a)

Heating and cooling

b)

Deposition

c)

Heating and pressure

d)

Materials gathering and pressing together

37.

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

a)

Heating and pressure

b)

Sediment forming together

c)

Weathering

d)

Cooling

38.
What geologic process changes pieces of rocks, minerals and other materials into sedimentary rocks?
a)
Compacting and Cementing
b)
Cooling
c)
Heat and Pressure
d)
Melting
39.
Which type of rock is heated and pressurised but does NOT melt?
a)
igneous
b)
hard rock
c)
metamorphic
d)
sedimentary
40.
Each rock type can follow only one pathway of the rock cycle.
a)
True
b)
False
41.
Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Extrusive
42.
Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Organic
d)
Metamorphic
43.
This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
44.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
45.
This rock started as lava that cooled and then was heated and put under pressure over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentar
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
46.
Hot, molten rock inside the earth is called ...
a)
lava
b)
magma
c)
igneous rock
d)
minerals
47.
Fossils are often found in ____________ because it is formed from the remains of once living things.
a)
metamorphic
b)
magma
c)
igneous
d)
sedimentary
48.
A never ending process by which rocks are changed from one type to another.  
a)
weathering and erosion
b)
rock cycle
c)
heat and pressure
d)
pressing and cementing
49.
How do metamorphic rocks form? 
a)
Heat and Pressure
b)
Compaction & Cementation
c)
Cooling of Magma
d)
Sediments & Glue
50.

The color of a rock is a result of its chemical composition?

a)

True

b)

False

51.

The Mount Rushmore National Monument is carved from the granite (formed from magma underground) of South Dakota's Black Hills. What type of rock is granite?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

d)

None of the above

52.

The seated sculpture of President Lincoln inside the Lincoln Memorial was carved out of white Georgia marble (formed from Earth's pressure and heat). What type of is marble?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

d)

None of the above

53.
True/False: Igneous rocks can only turn into metamorphic rocks.
a)
True
b)
False
54.
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.
a)
compaction
b)
deposition
c)
organic rock
d)
cementation
55.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
56.

Which is the process that breaks up rock on Earth’s surface?

a)

deposition

b)

melting

c)

compaction

d)

weathering

57.
An igneous rock can become ______.
a)
metamorphic
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
all of these
58.
The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.
a)
texture
b)
weathering
c)
sediment
d)
erosion
59.
When you watch a volcano erupt molten rock, you are seeing _____
a)
Lava
b)
Magma
c)
Mineral Crystals
d)
Igneous Rocks
60.
Rocks are formed by
a)
minerals
b)
other metals
c)
small particles
d)
sediments
61.
Which pathway CANNOT be taken by an igneous rock?
a)
compaction and cementation
b)
melting
c)
weathering and erosion
d)
heat and pressure
62.
All rocks can be...
a)
melted, compacted, and cooled
b)
melted, transformed, and eroded
c)
cooled, transformed, and eroded
d)
cooled, compacted, and transformed
63.
How does pumice become sandstone?
a)
weathering and erosion to sediment, then compaction 
b)
melting into magma, then cooling
c)
transformed by heat and pressure
d)
cooling into sediment, then transformed
64.

Sedimentary Rock --> ____________--> Sediment

a)

compaction and cemetation

b)

weathering and erosion

c)

heat and pressure

d)

melting and cooling

65.

Which is NOT accurate?

a)

Igneous -->Melting --> Magma

b)

Sediment --> Compaction --> Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic --> Heat and Pressure --> Sedimentary

d)

Magma --> Cooling --> Igneous

66.

Which state of matter is the earth's inner core?

a)

plasma

b)

liquid

c)

solid

d)

gas

67.

Which earth layer is made up of the upper mantle and the crust?

a)

core

b)

lower mantle

c)

asthenosphere

d)

lithosphere

68.

What is geology?

a)

the study of rocks

b)

the study of history

c)

the study of maps

d)

the study of earth

69.

What was an evidence for plate tectonics that was claimed by the author of the theory?

a)

plate measurements

b)

knowledge of the mantle

c)

fossils on the coasts

d)

the movie Ice Age

70.

This layer of the earth is the thickest part

a)

crust

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

inner core

71.

The one large land mass before it drifted apart was called

a)

Panthalassa

b)

Terra

c)

Pangaea

d)

Pandora

72.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
Deposition
b)
Landslide
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
73.
Which of these is an example of erosion?
a)
Light shining onto a mountain.
b)
Rain breaking down rocks on a mountain into smaller pieces. 
c)
Wind blowing away sediment to a new place on the mountain.
d)
All of the above.
74.
This layer of Earth is the thickest part
a)
crust
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
inner core
75.
Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur...
a)
along the coast
b)
along tectonic plate boundaries
c)
in the Arctic
d)
in the ocean
76.
Which layer of Earth is located above the outer core?
a)
crust
b)
inner core
c)
mantle
d)
lithosphere
77.
The _________ is the thinnest layer of Earth.
a)
outer core
b)
inner core
c)
mantle
d)
crust
78.
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?
a)
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
b)
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
c)
outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
d)
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
79.
What type of rock is formed when magma and lava cools and hardens?
a)
minerals
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
metamorphic
80.

Hot, molten rock inside the earth is called ...

a)

lava

b)

magma

c)

igneous rock

d)

minerals

81.

Once magma reaches the earth's surface, it is called __________.

a)

a vent

b)

minerals

c)

igneous rocks

d)

lava

82.

Series of natural processes by which rocks are slowly

changed from one kind of a rock to another.

a)

igneous rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

sedimentary rock

d)

rock cycle

83.

Rock particles carried and deposited by water, wind & ice.

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

sediment

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

igneous rock

84.

Rock formed when existing rock is changed by heat &

pressure.

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

texture

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

intrusive rock

85.

All rocks are made up of one or more.

a)

sediments

b)

minerals

c)

metals

d)

magma

86.
Volcanoes are found...
a)
on land
b)
under water
c)
on islands
d)
all of the above
87.

Not formed from living things or the remains of living things

a)

inorganic

b)

matter

c)

cells

d)

erosion

88.

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

a)

deposit

b)

mineral

c)

weathering

d)

erosion

89.

A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface.

a)

motlen

b)

lava

c)

volcano

d)

plate

90.

The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface.

a)

erosion

b)

weathering

c)

volcano

d)

earthquake

91.

A break in Earth’s crust along which rocks move.

a)

plate

b)

fault

c)

volcano

d)

sediment

92.

A section of the rigid layer of the mantle and crust that slowly moves over the soft layer of the mantle, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust.

a)

plate

b)

volcano

c)

deposition

d)

fault

93.

What processes create sedimentary rocks (and fossils)

a)

Heat

b)

Compaction

c)

Cementation

d)

Cooling

94.

What changes a metamorphic rock into a sedimentary rock

a)

Cementation

b)

Pressure (Compaction)

c)

Cooling

d)

Melting

95.

What are rocks made of?

a)

Salt

b)

Minerals

c)

Other rocks

d)

Sand

96.

Rocks can turn into any other rocks?

a)

True

b)

False

97.

rock fragments that have been transported to a different location

a)

metamorphic rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

sediment

d)

soil

98.

Magma that reaches the surface flows from a volcano as ____________

a)

Magma

b)

Water

c)

Ice

d)

Lava

99.

What is letter G?

a)

Heat and pressure

b)

Cooling

c)

Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

d)

Weathering and erosion

100.

How are igneous rocks formed?

a)

Sediment forming together

b)

Heating and pressure

c)

Cooling

d)

Deposition

101.
A metamorphic rock changes into an igneous rock by what two processes?
a)
Melting and cooling
b)
Extreme heat and pressure
c)
Compaction and cementation
d)
Weathering and erosion
102.
True/False: Igneous rocks can only turn into metamorphic rocks.
a)
True
b)
False
103.
Fossils are often found in ____________ because it is formed from the remains of once living things.
a)
metamorphic
b)
magma
c)
igneous
d)
sedimentary
104.

What is number 4?

a)

heat pressure

b)

melting

c)

weathering

d)

cooling/crystallization

105.

_____________________ is the process of breaking down rocks.

a)

transportation

b)

deposition

c)

weathering

d)

sedimentation

106.
Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Extrusive
107.

This rock started as molten magma but transformed after a volcano erupted. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

108.

rock formed from sediments, organic remains, or chemical precipitates (ex. limestone)

a)

metamorphic rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

sediment

d)

soil

109.

the transport of fragments of rock by water, wind, ice, or gravity

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

lithification

110.

Having visible layers would identified a rock as ​ (a)   . Rocks that are cooled lava or magma are ​ (b)   rock. Intense heat and pressure allows for ​ (c)   rock to form.

Choose from the below words
sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic
111.

molten rock below Earth’s surface

a)

extrusive igneous rock

b)

intrusive igneous rock

c)

lava

d)

magma

112.

What can cause rocks to change?

a)

The Earth's orbit around the sun

b)

Environmental conditions

c)

The minerals falling apart

d)

Internal conditions

113.

These Rocks are formed from Heat and Pressure

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Igneous

c)

Sedimentary

114.

A model showing the processes that create and change rock.

a)

Water Cycle

b)

Carbon Cycle

c)

Rock Cycle

d)

Nitrogen Cycle

115.

A water wave caused by an earthquake is called a __________________.

a)

tsunami

b)

seismic wave

c)

electromagnetic wave

d)

surfing wave

116.

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.

a)

stress

b)

seismic waves

c)

tsunami

117.

Stress that pull on crust and causes it to become thinner in the middle.

a)

tension

b)

compression

c)

shearing

118.

A stress force that squeezes rock until it bends or breaks is called _____________.

a)

compression

b)

tension

c)

shearing

119.

The instrument that records and measures earthquake's seismic waves is called a ____________________.

a)

seismograph

b)

seismogram

120.

The figure below is an illustration of ________, which occurs beneath tectonic plates and causes them to move.

a)

Ring of Fire

b)

Osmosis

c)

S waves

d)

Convection Currents

121.
Which scale is used to report the magnitude of an earthquake?
a)
Saffir-simpson scale
b)
Richter
c)
Enhanced Fujita Scale
122.

The place where an earthquake originates inside the Earth's surface is called...

a)

Epicenter

b)

Focus

c)

Underground

d)

Crust

123.

The place on the Earth's surface, above the origin of the earthquake.

a)

Epicenter

b)

Focus

c)

Surface

d)

Crust

124.

Coal is NOT a mineral because

a)

It is not solid.

b)

It is not naturally occurring.

c)

It is organic.

d)

It is inorganic.

125.

Native copper is a solid, inorganic substance found in Earth. What would it be classified as?

a)

Soil.

b)

Animal.

c)

Mineral.

d)

Vegetable.

126.

Guess the Mineral!


This mineral can be crushed into a white powder that is widely known as baby powder. This powder has the ability to absorb moisture, oils, and odor. What is the name of the mineral?

a)

Zinc.

b)

Talc.

c)

Fluorite.

d)

Salt.

127.

Guess the Mineral!


This mineral is the hardest naturally occurring mineral. It is most often used in jewelry but can also be used on the tips of saw blades. What is the name of the mineral?

a)

Fluorite.

b)

Talc.

c)

Diamond.

d)

Sulfur.

128.

Fossils can only be found in which type of rock?

a)

Fossils cannot be found in rocks

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Igneous

d)

Sedimentary

129.

Based on the chart, apatite can scratch gypsum, but it cannot scratch _________.

a)

Fluorite

b)

Talc

c)

A copper penny

d)

Feldspar

130.

Things like: green, red, yellow, blue, etc. describes what property of a mineral?

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Density

d)

Color

e)

Hardness

131.

Things like the color of the streak across a streak plate, describes what property of a mineral?

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Density

d)

Color

e)

Hardness

132.

A mineral's breakage pattern refers to its ___.

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Cleavage & Fracture

d)

Color

e)

Hardness

133.

The Mohs Scale helps to identify a mineral's ___.

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Cleavage & Fracture

d)

Color

e)

Hardness

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