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Fall Final Exam Review

Total questions: 134

Worksheet time: 4hrs 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

2.

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

a)

From the air they breathe

b)

From the water they drink

c)

From the food they eat

d)

From the sun

3.

What process occurs when dead plant and animal matter decomposes and nitrogen is released back into the atmosphere?

a)

Assimilation

b)

Fixation

c)

Ammonification

d)

Denitrification

4.

Organisms require nitrogen to make which of the following?

a)

glucose and starch

b)

lipids and nucleic acids

c)

proteins and nucleic acids

d)

carbohydrates and proteins

5.
All energy on Earth ultimately comes from what source?
a)
Water
b)
Sun
c)
Consumers
d)
Oxygen
6.
What are plants called in a food chain?
a)
Producers
b)
Consumers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Scavengers
7.
Which type of consumer eats meat only?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Omnivores
8.
Which type of consumer eats meat and plants?
a)
Herbivores
b)
Carnivores
c)
Omnivores
d)
Plants
9.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a ecosystem.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
10.
Organelle 3 is a(n) 
a)
ribosome.
b)
vacuole.
c)
nucleus.
d)
lysosome.
11.
Organelle 8 is a(n) 
a)
endolplasmic reticulum.
b)
golgi apparatus/body.
c)
mitochondrian.
d)
cell membrane.
12.
Item 9 is a(n) 
a)
cytoplasm.
b)
cell wall.
c)
chloroplast.
d)
bacteria.
13.

Loops that cause a response to build up and build up until something big happens are called ____________ loops

a)

positive

b)

negative

14.

The heater kicks on and the house warms up, so it kicks off. Then the house cools a bit and the heater kicks back on. This continues all day. It's a _____________ loop.

a)

positive

b)

negative

15.

Body temperature regulation is an example of a ______________ loop

a)

positive

b)

negative

16.
Negative Feedback Loops:
a)
amplify processes
b)
prevent small changes from getting larger
c)
are initiated during childbirth
d)
are found only in plants
17.

In a positive feedback loop, each action creates a consequence that _____________________ the other action.

a)

decreases

b)

has no effect on

c)

amplifies

18.

A _________________ feedback loop moves a system to an extreme.

a)

Positive

b)

Neutral

c)

Circular

d)

Negative

19.
What process does a multi-cellular organism use to replace its damaged body cells?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
replication
d)
transcription
20.
Which of these lists presents the stages of the cell cycle in the correct order?
a)
interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
b)
cytokinesis, mitosis, interphase
c)
mitosis, interphase, cytokinesis
d)
interphase, cytokinesis, mitosis
21.
Which of these phases of mitosis take place first?
a)
anaphase
b)
telophase
c)
prophase
d)
metaphase
22.
Identify the stage of mitosis. 
a)
interphase
b)
prophase
c)
anaphase
d)
cytokinesis
23.

What is the image above:

a)

Chromosome

b)

Chromotid

c)

Centromere

d)

Centriole

24.

What stage of mitosis is depicted here

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

25.

What stage of mitosis is depicted here

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

26.

This is what phase of Mitosis?

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Anaphase

e)

Telophase

27.

This macromolecule provides the major energy source used by mitochondria (and all living things)

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipids

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

28.
All biological macromolecules are organic, meaning they have ________ and hydrogen bonds.
a)
Carbon
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Oxygen
29.

What type of macromolecule is this?

a)

carb

b)

lipid

c)

nucleic acid

d)

protein

30.

What type of macromolecule is this?

a)

carb

b)

lipid

c)

nucleic acid

d)

protein

31.
_______ regulates what enters and leaves a cell.  
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Cytoplasm
32.
What is diffusion?
a)
when molecules move 
b)
when molecules move from a high concentration to a low.
c)
no movement 
d)
molecules move everywhere
33.
Where is there a low concentration of dye?
a)
at the bottom of cup
b)
in the color
c)
at the top of cup 
d)
no concenteraion gradient
34.
Passive transport requires no
a)
concentration gradients
b)
osmosis
c)
motion
d)
energy
35.

What is diffusion?

a)

when molecules move

b)

when molecules move from a high concentration to a low.

c)

no movement

d)

molecules move everywhere

36.
The picture below is an example of _________________.
a)
osmosis
b)
isotonic
c)
diffusion
d)
active transport
37.

Energy is required for which of the following cellular functions?

a)

metabolism

b)

movement

c)

growth

d)

all of these require energy

38.
Please select who performs cellular respiration: 
a)
Animals 
b)
Both animals and plants 
c)
plants 
39.

______________ produces the most ATP.

a)

photosynthesis

b)

aerobic cellular respiration

c)

fermentation

d)

glycolysis

40.
Which of the following structure is where cellular respiration occurs in the cell?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
mitochondria
d)
vacuoles
41.
What gas is released by plants during photosynthesis?
a)
sulfur
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
oxygen
d)
hydrogen
42.

Breaking the outer phosphate bond of ATP

a)

Rarely occurs

b)

Cannot be reversed

c)

Releases energy

d)

None of the above

43.

This macromolecule provides the major energy source used by mitochondria (and all living things)

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipids

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

44.
monomer of nucleic acids
a)
nucleotide
b)
monosaccharides
c)
amino acids
d)
fatty acids
45.
monomer of proteins
a)
nucleotide
b)
monosaccharides
c)
amino acids
d)
fatty acids
46.
monomer of carbohydrates
a)
nucleotide
b)
monosaccharides
c)
amino acids
d)
fatty acids
47.
monomer of lipids
a)
nucleotide
b)
monosaccharides
c)
amino acids
d)
fatty acids
48.
function includes building muscles
a)
proteins
b)
nucleic acids
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
49.
function includes transmitting and storing information 
a)
proteins
b)
nucleic acids
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
50.
This organelle creates energy.
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Mitochondria
d)
ER
51.
Where is DNA stored in a cell? 
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Golgi Complex
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Nucleus
52.

protective barrier that encloses all cells

controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell

a)

cell membrane

b)

cell wall

c)

endoplasmic reticulum

d)

golgi body

53.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
54.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
55.
Combustion is another word for __________.
a)
Transportation
b)
Respiration
c)
Fossil Fuels
d)
Burning
56.
Respiration is the process by which animals take in _____ and release _____. 
a)
photosynthesis, air
b)
carbon, oxygen
c)
oxygen
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
57.

What is one negative impact of burning fossil fuels?

a)

It releases harmful gases into the atmosphere

b)

It makes water cleaner

c)

It makes the power stations look bigger

d)

It generates too much electricity

58.

What is a keystone species?

a)

A species that is most abundant in an ecosystem.

b)

A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community.

c)

A species that has no predators in its ecosystem.

d)

A species that can live in a variety of ecosystems.

59.

Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?

a)

Cattle

b)

Sea otter

c)

Grass

d)

Mosquito

60.

What is a trophic cascade?

a)

A process where nutrients flow from one trophic level to another.

b)

A series of secondary extinctions triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem.

c)

The migration of species from one habitat to another.

d)

The increase in population size of a species at the bottom of the food chain.

61.

How can the removal of a keystone species affect an ecosystem?

a)

It can increase biodiversity.

b)

It can lead to a more stable ecosystem.

c)

It can cause a trophic cascade and disrupt the ecosystem balance.

d)

It has no significant effect.

62.

What happens to energy as it moves up the food chain?

a)

It increases exponentially.

b)

It remains constant.

c)

It decreases due to energy loss at each trophic level.

d)

It is completely recycled.

63.

Why are keystone species important for biodiversity?

a)

They are the most numerous species in their ecosystems.

b)

They provide food for all other species.

c)

They help to maintain the structure and integrity of the ecosystem.

d)

They have no predators, ensuring their survival.

64.

What is the definition of a keystone species?

a)

A species that has a large impact on its habitat

b)

A species that is at the top of the food chain

c)

A species that is endangered

d)

A species that is found in Yellowstone National Park

65.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

66.
What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?
a)
The insects in the habitat would increase.
b)
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
c)
The willow tree population would decrease.
d)
Foxes would dies due to no food source. 
67.

What happens when you remove a species from the beginning of a food web?

a)

Every other population is affected

b)

Only populations directly connected to the removed species are affected

c)

Nothing - everything stays the same

68.

What happens if a population grows past its carrying capacity?

a)

The population keeps growing

b)

The population starts to die off

c)

The entire species will go extinct

d)

The carrying capacity just increases

69.

The largest number of individuals that an environment can support long term is...

a)

carrying capacity

b)

emigration

c)

immigration

d)

population density

70.

What is the carrying capacity of the graph?

a)

around 500

b)

more than 800

c)

less than 300

d)

around 700

71.

Which of the following is a biotic factor that would affect the carrying capacity of a population?

a)

Soil

b)

Predator

c)

Rainfall

d)

Sunlight

72.
What is the term used to describe all non-living things in an ecosystem?
a)
Biotic Factors
b)
Abiotic Factors
c)
Environmental Factors
d)
Population
73.

___ is the maintenance of an internal balance of conditions in a changing external environment.

a)

Diffusion

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Passive transport

d)

Homeostasis

74.
If there are 100 Kcal of energy available in the producers, how much energy would be available in the herbivores?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
75.
If only 10% of an organism's energy is available for the next trophic level, what happens with the other 90% of the energy?
a)
It is destroyed after it is used up.
b)
It is used for life processes or lost as body heat.
c)
It remains for the next trophic level IF the predator consumes ALL of the organism.
d)
It is lost completely as body heat. 
76.

A trophic pyramid is a model that shows...


a)

how many organisms can exist in a single food web.

b)

how much energy flows from one level to the next in a food chain.

c)

how much total energy and matter exists in a single ecosystem.

77.

What do the arrows show in a food chain?

a)

They point to the smallest animals

b)

They point to the animal that tastes the best

c)

They point to just the producers

d)

They point in the direction that energy is flowing

78.
What percentage of energy is passed on to each tropic level?
a)
10%
b)
50%
c)
90%
d)
100%
79.
In this food web, which two organisms could be harmed if the mouse population were to decrease?
a)
Deer and caterpillar
b)
Wolf and snake
c)
Oak and grass
d)
Hawk and songbird
80.

An organism's ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change

a)

internal stimulus

b)

external stimulus

c)

organization

d)

homeostasis

81.

Characteristics of an organism that helps it survive

a)

adaptation

b)

stimulus

c)

response

d)

internal stimuli

82.

___________a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits a living thing inherits and needs to live.

a)

Cell

b)

Stimulus

c)

Homeostasis

d)

DNA

83.
Rocks are not living because
a)
they never move
b)
they aren't needed for humans
c)
they are not made of cells
d)
they don't break down
84.
In order for something to be considered a living organism, it must display _____ of the eight characteristics of living things.
a)
one
b)
some
c)
all
d)
more than half
85.

Is carbon dioxide an biotic or abiotic factor?

a)

Biotic

b)

Abiotic

86.

Is soil a biotic or abiotic factor?

a)

Biotic

b)

Abiotic

87.

Abiotic factors are ___________.

a)

non-living parts of an ecosystem

b)

things that once were alive, but now are dead

c)

living parts of an ecosystem

d)

not important parts of ecosystems.

88.

Biotic factors are ___________.

a)

non-living parts of an ecosystem

b)

only things that are now dead

c)

living parts of an ecosystem

d)

not important parts of ecosystems.

89.

What are the biotic factors in this image?

a)

sunlight, elephants, and grasses

b)

elephants, plants, trees 

c)

sunlight, water,  and air

90.

Look at the genotype data: Why does each lion have two alleles for each gene?

a)

organisms inherit (receive) one allele from mom and one allele from dad

b)

organisms have two dominant alleles for every gene

c)

organisms have two alleles in case one is not inherited correctly

d)

organisms inherit both alleles from their mother

91.

If a hyena consumes 1 warthog, what is its net energy?

a)

-2,000 kcal

b)

+7,000 kcal

c)

-7,000 kcal

d)

+12,000

92.

If a hyena consumes 2 warthogs, what is its net energy?

a)

+24,000

b)

+14,000

c)

+7,000

d)

+17,000

93.

In a lion cub’s karyotype, how many chromosomes are inherited from the mother lion?

a)

Half

b)

Some

c)

All

d)

None

94.

Which strategy allows lions to be more successful and effective hunters, and why?

a)

Hunt smaller prey solo - they can do it faster alone, still gain enough energy from the prey

b)

Hunt larger prey in a group - they can share the energy cost of hunting, gain more energy

95.

What are the roles of the female lions in the pride?

a)

Raising the cubs

b)

Feeding the pride

c)

Teaching the juveniles how to hunt

d)

All of the above

96.

Which trophic level is made up by herbivores? 

a)

Producers

b)

Primary (1st) Consumers

c)

Secondary (2nd) Consumers

97.

If there are 2,000,000 kcal available at the producer level, how many kcal will be available at the secondary consumer level?

a)

2,000,000

b)

200,000

c)

20,000

d)

2,000

98.

According to this phylogenetic tree, which lion prides separated from the other groups the longest ago?

a)

Etosha45 and BOT2

b)

Kalahari and Unfolozi

c)

zambia103

d)

Tsavo and Cameroon

99.

Based on the geographic data which pride do you think is likely to show the greatest differences in their alleles from the other prides?

a)

Zambia

b)

Etosha

c)

Cameroon

d)

Kalahari

100.

heterozygous

a)

having no alleles for a particular gene

b)

having identical alleles for a particular gene

c)

having different alleles for a particular gene

101.

Microsatellite data was used to compare the DNA of various lions within Africa prides. Each numbered band is the DNA of a different lion. Based on the bands of the various prides, which African Pride is most closely related to the Etosha pride?

a)

Kalahari

b)

Etosha

c)

Sabi Sands

d)

Cameroon

102.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

103.

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

a)

From the air they breathe

b)

From the water they drink

c)

From the food they eat

d)

From the sun

104.

What trophic level does the snake belong to?

a)

producer

b)

primary consumer

c)

secondary consumer

d)

tertiary consumer

105.

This data is showing ...

a)

a karyotype, showing all of the lions chromosomes

b)

a phylogenetic tree, showing how groups of lions are related

c)

a genotype, showing the combination of alleles a lion is carrying

d)

geographic data, showing the location of multiple prides of lions

106.

A niche ________________.

a)

is the function that an organism performs in the food web of that community.

b)

includes everything else the organism does and needs in its environment.

c)

is specific to each individual animal and plant.

d)

All of the above.

107.

The role that an organism fulfills in its environment is known as...

a)

resource

b)

niche

c)

habitat

d)

instinct

108.

The ecological role an organism performs in its specific environment is considered the organism's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Biome

c)

Population

d)

Niche

109.

Herbivores, carnivores and omnivores belong to which niche?

a)

Producer

b)

Consumer

c)

Scavenger

d)

Decomposer

110.

The biodiversity of an ecosystem will decrease if...

a)

Organisms are added to an ecosystem.

b)

Organisms remain the same in an ecosystem.

c)

Organisms are removed from an ecosystem.

d)

Not enough information.

111.

An ecosystem that has a greater number of species is more likely to withstand a disturbance than an ecosystem of the same size with a lower number of species.

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Not enough information.

112.

An ecosystem that contains a variety of species will be more successful than one that has only a few.

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Not enough information

113.

__________ is all of the different types of living things on Earth.

a)

A species

b)

Biodiversity

c)

A population

d)

An ecosystem

114.

the differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community

a)

character displacement

b)

climax community

c)

niche partitioning

d)

pioneer species

115.

The ecological niches of three bird species are shown in the diagram. What is the advantage of each bird species having a different niche?

a)

As more birds feed higher in the tree, available energy increases.

b)

More abiotic resources are available for each bird.

c)

Predators are less likely to feed on birds in a variety of locations.

d)

There is less competition for food.

116.

What is niche partitioning?

a)

The process of combining resources to increase competition among species.

b)

The sharing of unlimited resources among different species to promote competition.

c)

The elimination of resources to reduce competition and allow coexistence.

d)

The division of limited resources among different species to reduce competition and allow coexistence.

117.

Will practices at a batting cage. The table shows the total cost based on the number of tokens purchased. Which of the following is the independent variable in this situation?

a)

number of tokens

b)

total cost

c)

$7.00

118.

On a graph, which axis typically shows the independent variable?

a)

x-axis

b)

y-axis

c)

neither

119.

On a graph, which axis typically shows the dependent variable?

a)

x-axis

b)

y-axis

c)

neither

120.

A(n) _____________ variable depends on or is changed by another variable.

a)

dependent

b)

independent

121.
Name the INDEPENDENT variable from the table below.
a)
words
b)
minutes
122.

In the table, Bubbles is the ______________.

a)

independent variable

b)

dependent variable

123.

What is selective pressure in the context of natural selection?

a)

A force that causes a particular trait to become more common in a population

b)

A random change in the genetic makeup of a population

c)

A process that leads to the extinction of a species

d)

A method used by scientists to measure genetic variation

124.

Which of the following is an example of selective pressure?

a)

A drought that causes only drought-resistant plants to survive

b)

A mutation that occurs randomly in a population

c)

A volcanic eruption that destroys a habitat

d)

A scientist artificially selecting traits in a laboratory

125.

How does selective pressure affect allele frequencies in a population?

a)

It increases the frequency of beneficial alleles

b)

It decreases the frequency of all alleles

c)

It has no effect on allele frequencies

d)

It randomly changes allele frequencies

126.

The box is brown

a)

quantitative data

b)

qualitative data

127.

The tree is tall

a)

quantitative data

b)

qualitative data

128.

The dresser is 1 meter wide

a)

quantitative data

b)

qualitative data

129.

The marble has a mass of 25 grams

a)

quantitative data

b)

qualitative data

130.

The cow weighs 1 ton

a)

quantitative data

b)

qualitative data

131.

When you use your 5 senses to gather information, you are making a/an

a)

Observation

b)

Inference

c)

Scientific Wondering

132.

These type of observations are described, not measured.

a)

Qualitative

b)

Quantitative

133.

It makes a loud crackling sound.

a)

Qualitative

b)

Quantitative

134.

The flower has 6 petals.

a)

Qualitative

b)

Quantitative

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