reasons for early people to interact with the ocean: food gathering, discover new lands, trade

The industrial revolution led to the expansion of marine sciences

The thinnest layer of the earth is the

continental crust is the least dense & the inner core is the most dense layer of the earth

The Earth’s inner core is made up of mostly

The tectonic plates float on the upper layer of the mantle called the:

Oceanic crust is recycled by a process known as ___________.

The Marianas trench was formed at which type of convergent boundary?

Seafloor is created at subduction zones

The Hawaiian Islands were formed from hotspots

The compound for water is:

The salinity of saltwater is 3.5%

water is attracted to other types of molecules because of cohesion

Water warms up slowly in the summer due to its high heat capacity

seawater is slightly more acidic than freshwater

The thermocline is the area of rapidly changing salinity in the ocean

Most of the volume of water is below the thermocline

warm water molecules are farther apart than cold water molecules

The trough is the highest point on a water wave

The lowest part of a wave

When tsunamis get much taller as they approach the continental shelf it is called shoaling

Waves transfer warm and cold water throughout the ocean

The Gulfstream is the largest and most powerful current in the North Atlantic Ocean

Upwelling occurs when wind carries cold water away and warm water rises

The Coriolis effect deflects fluids to which direction when going from south to north

The winds at the equatorial doldrums are:

A circular pattern formed by connecting surface currents is a vortex

Eastern boundary currents, such as the Canary current, are cold

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is in the South Pacific Ocean

El Nino is a cold water current

During a La Nina the tradewinds strengthen which brings up more cold water

Conditions in the southeastern U.S. during a La Nina will be dry and warm

Neap tides occur during 1st and 3rd Quarter moons

During a full and new moon there is a ______ tide

The gravitational force of the _________ has the strongest affect on our tides

A semidiurnal tidal pattern causes one high and one low tide per day

For ancient civilizations, the purpose of exploring the ocean was to further:

The first Western society known to sail across oceans was:

What element do all ancient seafaring societies have in common?

What is exceptional about the role of early Polynesian cultures in exploration?

The first Europeans to cross the Atlantic Ocean were the:

The Chinese contributed which of the following to medieval marine science?

In 1400, the most advanced naval fleet could be found in:

True or False?

When water evaporates, it turns into a gas.

True or False?

Salinity in the ocean is the same from place to place.

True or False?

We can float more easily in saltwater than in freshwater.

Naturally occurring seawater is saline.

If freshwater is added to a region, what happens to seawater density and salinity?

The salt in seawater comes from

Water density increases with the:

The combination of cohesion and adhesion allows water to "crawl" in this property of water?

Which color of light goes the deepest into ocean water?

Water can dissolve anything that is polar.

Which of the following are the major mineral components of seawater?

Which of the following most accurately describes what is illustrated in this diagram?