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Astronomy & Meteorology Final Review

Total questions: 119

Worksheet time: 2hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following ideas make up the Big Bang Theory?

a)

The Universe is currently expanding.

b)

The Universe was once hot and dense.

c)

The Universe has a finite size.

d)

The Universe is unbounded.

2.

According to the big bang theory, the universe began as an explosion and is still expanding. This theory is supported by observations that the stellar spectra of distant galaxies show a

a)

concentration in the yellow portion of the spectrum

b)

concentration in the green portion of the spectrum

c)

shift toward the blue end of the spectrum

d)

shift toward the red end of the spectrum

3.

In which list are celestial features correctly shown in order of increasing size?

a)

galaxy, solar system, universe, planet

b)

solar system, galaxy, planet, universe

c)

planet, solar system, galaxy, universe

d)

universe, galaxy, solar system, planet

4.

Cosmic Background Radiation is...

a)

Alpha Particles from the nearest black hole

b)

The light from our sun

c)

The leftover energy from the formation of our sun

d)

The leftover energy from the Big Bang

5.

Which of these waves has the longest wavelength?

a)

X-ray

b)

Gamma

c)

Radio

d)

Visible light

6.

How old do we estimate the universe to be?

a)

13.8 billion years old

b)

25 million years old

c)

13.8 million years old

d)

8 billion years old

7.

Extremely distant galaxies are moving away from us at ___

a)

half the speed of light

b)

almost the speed of light

c)

the speed of light

d)

speeds faster than light

8.
In ____shift, the galaxies appear _____ in color b/c they are moving away from us.
a)
blue; red
b)
red; red
c)
red; blue
d)
blue; blue
9.

Is Galaxy A moving

a)

Away

b)

Towards

c)

Stationary

10.
Use the image to identify the motion of the object relative to Earth.  Compare the absorption spectra of the star to what the star would look like if it were not moving at all relative to Earth.
a)
It is not moving
b)
It is moving away from Earth (Redshift)
c)
It is moving towards Earth (Blueshift)
d)
It is moving towards Earth (Redshift)
11.
Are any of the galaxies moving towards Earth?  Explain.
a)
A.  It is redshifted
b)
B. It is redshifted.
c)
C. It is blue shifted.
d)
A. It is blueshifted.
12.
What best describes the doppler effect?
a)
An apparent change in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer
b)
When sound changes pitch
c)
When light changes color
d)
An apparent change in the amplitude of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer.
13.

Which of the following is the largest?

a)

Planet

b)

Galaxy

c)

Satellite

d)

Comet

e)

Star

14.

Which of the following is the largest?

a)

Parsec

b)

Lightyear

c)

Astronomical Unit

d)

1 billion Kilometers

15.

Which is the correct order for a star's life cycle?

a)

Main sequence -> red dwarf -> white dwarf

b)

Protostar -> main sequence -> neutron star -> Red giant

c)

Main sequence -> red giant -> supernova -> neutron star

d)

Red giant -> supernova -> white dwarf -> black dwarf

16.

What is a comet?

a)

Large rocky ball of ice that orbits the sun

b)

Cluster of billions of stars

c)

Lumps of rock or iron that orbit the sun

d)

Minor planets

17.

select all that apply. The first elements created after the big bang were...

a)

Neon

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Helium

d)

Carbon

18.

Red shift was first observed by which scientist?

a)

Albert Einstein

b)

Edwin Hubble

c)

Watson and Crick

d)

Neil Degrasse Tyson

19.

The universe was in a hot dense state....

a)

immediately after the big freeze

b)

when it came out of the cosmological oven

c)

immediately after the big bang

d)

whenever it wanted to be.

20.

In the seconds following the big bang the universe

a)

cooled

b)

ate a pizza

c)

became less dense

d)

had reduced pressure

21.

The further a galaxy is from the observer the faster it is moving away. This is an explanation of what law?

a)

Newtons Law

b)

Universal Law

c)

Hubble's Law

d)

Kobe's Law

22.

A common measure of distance in space is....

a)

kilometers

b)

feet

c)

a space meter

d)

a light year

23.

All galaxies are expanding at a constant rate.

a)

false

b)

true

24.

the study of the origins of the observable universe is referred to as.....

a)

cosmetology

b)

cosmology

c)

astronomy

d)

astrology

25.

How is the "Big Bang" described?

a)

an explosion

b)

an expansion

c)

a contraction

26.
What is a scientific theory?
a)
100%, unimpeachable FACT
b)
A possible explanation based on measurable scientific evidence.
c)
A guess that some people believe
d)
A prediction about what you think will happen in an experiment.
27.
The three pieces of evidence for our current theory of the universe are:
a)
blueshift, Cosmic Background radiation, moon landing.
b)
redshift, International Background Microwaves, Andromeda galaxy.
c)
redshift, Cosmic Background radiation, age of the universe.
d)
doppler effect, light spectra, fusion.
28.
In the diagram given, what happens as we move to the left?
a)
Stars Get Larger
b)
Stars get Colder
c)
Stars get hotter
29.
Which star is the coldest?
a)
Yellow Star
b)
Red Star
c)
Orange Star
d)
Blue Star
30.
The category that contains the most stars is...
a)
Main Sequence
b)
Supergiants
c)
Giants
31.
Which category is our Sun located in?
a)
White Dwarfs
b)
Supergiants
c)
Main Sequence
d)
Giants
32.
As a whole, Giants are considered hotter than White Dwarfs.
a)
True
b)
False
33.
The stable period of a star’s life cycle is called... 
a)
The birth of a star
b)
Nebula 
c)
Neutron star
d)
Main Sequence 
34.
Gravity pulls gases and dust particles in space toward one another, squeezing them into a smaller and smaller space. The temperature at the center rises high enough for nuclear fusion of hydrogen to begin.
What stage in a stars life cycle is this describing? 
a)
The birth of a star
b)
The death of a star
c)
Black Hole
d)
Stellar Nebula
35.
Hotter stars appear to be what color? 
a)
Red
b)
Blue
c)
Yellow
d)
Green
36.
What determines the color of a star? 
a)
It's size
b)
It's temperature
c)
It's composition
d)
They are all the same color 
37.
At what stage in a stars life cycle are elements heavier than iron form? 
a)
Red Giant
b)
Supernova
c)
Black Hole
d)
Main Sequence
38.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular 
d)
Irrational
39.
What type of galaxy has no defined pattern or shape?
a)
Spiral 
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Constellation
40.

an enormous explosion that occurs when a massive star dies

a)

black hole

b)

nuclear fusion

c)

supernova

d)

solar wind

41.

a hot, dense, slowly cooling sphere of carbon that remains when a red giant star dies

a)

red giant

b)

supergiant

c)

black hole

d)

white dwarf

42.

an immense cloud of dust & gas where stars are born

a)

black hole

b)

nebula

c)

prominence

d)

supernova

43.
All of the galaxies together is _______.
a)
nebula
b)
solar system
c)
Milky Way
d)
universe
44.
Elliptical, spiral, and irregular are all types of ______.
a)
solar systems
b)
universes
c)
galaxies
d)
stars
45.
What is the shape of an elliptical galaxy?
a)
oval
b)
square
c)
no shape
d)
pinwheel
46.
What is the shape of an irregular galaxy?
a)
oval
b)
square
c)
no shape
d)
pinwheel
47.
What happens when a massive star's life ends?
a)
dead star
b)
black hole or neutron star
c)
supernova
d)
white dwarf
48.
The color of the star tells us its 
a)
composition
b)
Temperature
c)
Luminosity 
d)
Mass
49.
After a supernova, the core can collapse into a neutron star, or if massive enough even a ___________.
a)
Black Hole
b)
White Dwarf
c)
Brown Dwarf
d)
Black Dwarf
50.
What determines if a star becomes a giant or a supergiant?
a)
star size
b)
star temperature
c)
star color
d)
star luminosity
51.
Our galaxy is called the
a)
Earth Nebula
b)
The Hubble Galaxy
c)
The Milky Way
d)
The Snickers
52.
The Milky Way Galaxy is a 
a)
spiral
b)
lenticular
c)
elliptical 
d)
irregular
53.
The life cycles of stars are determined by their:
a)
mass (size)
b)
color
c)
distance from Earth
d)
luminosity
54.

About 90 percent of the stars in the universe, including the sun, are main sequence stars. What do all main sequence stars have in common?

a)

All main sequence stars are yellow like our sun.

b)

All main sequence stars are as bright as our sun.

c)

They are all undergoing fusion of helium into carbon within their cores

d)

They are undergoing fusion of hydrogen into helium within their cores

55.

A large group of stars, gas, and dust is called....

a)

a universe

b)

a cluster

c)

a galaxy

d)

a solar system

56.

How are galaxies alike?

a)

The are all the same shape

b)

They have the same amount of stars

c)

They all have stars, gas, and dust

d)

They are all the same temperature

57.
What type of galaxy is depicted in this image?
a)
spiral
b)
elliptical
c)
irregular
d)
quasar
58.

The sun produces energy by

a)

attracting it with the force of gravity.

b)

nuclear fission.

c)

burning fuels such as oil.

d)

nuclear fusion.

59.

Which of the following is the correct order of the objects from largest to smallest?

a)

sun, solar system, Milky Way, universe

b)

universe, Milky Way, solar system, sun

c)

Milky Way, sun, solar system, universe

d)

solar system, universe, sun, Milky Way

60.

Any object with mass has gravity.

a)

True

b)

Sometimes

c)

False

d)

Never

61.

As distance between two objects increase the pull of gravity 

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

c)

Stays the same

62.

Two factors effecting the magnitude of the force of gravity between 2 objects are...

a)

mass and distance 

b)

mass and matter

c)

distance and weight 

d)

weight and mass

63.

Which system has the greater gravitational attraction between the two objects (if any)?

a)

System A

b)

System B

c)

Same gravitational attraction fro System A and System B

64.

What is the period of rotation?

a)

How long it takes a planet to orbit the sun

b)

How fast a planet orbits the sun

c)

How fast a planet spins

d)

How elliptical a planet's orbit is

65.

What is the period of revolution?

a)

How long it takes a planet to orbit the sun

b)

How long it takes a planet to spin around

c)

How fast a planet spins

d)

How elliptical a planet's orbit is

66.

Kepler's 2nd Law states that a planet's velocity (speed and direction) is ____ when farther from the sun.

a)

fastest

b)

slowest

c)

unchanged

d)

the same

67.

If a planet is closer to the sun, its orbit will be _____ than one farther away. 

a)

longer

b)

slower

c)

bigger

d)

shorter

68.

A person would weigh less on the moon than on the Earth because...

a)

the moon has less mass, and therefore less gravity

b)

the moon has more mass, and therefore less gravity

c)

the moon has less mass, and therefore more gravity

d)

the moon has more mass, and therefor more gravity

69.

A person would weigh more on Jupiter than on the Earth because---

a)

Jupiter has less mass, and therefore less gravity

b)

Jupiter has more mass, and therefore less gravity.

c)

Jupiter has less mass, and therefore more gravity.

d)

Jupiter has more mass, and therefore more gravity

70.

OUR solar system formed from:

a)

the solar meteoroids

b)

the solar nebula

71.
Earth and the other planets closest to the Sun are made mostly of _______
a)
gas
b)
metal
c)
water
d)
rock
72.
One of the main differences between the outer and inner planets is __________.
a)
The inner planets all have water
b)
the inner planets are much bigger than the outer planets
c)
the outer planets are gas planets
d)
the outer planets have rings, and the inner planets don't
73.
Which planet has the smallest pull of gravity?
a)
Saturn
b)
Jupiter
c)
Neptune
d)
Mercury
74.
Why does the moon appear to shine?
a)
It is like a star and gives off light
b)
it refracts light from space
c)
It reflects light from the sun
d)
It absorbs light from the sun
75.
Which type of planet rotates faster?
a)
terrestrial
b)
gas giant
76.
Which season is taking place in the Northern Hemisphere in Position 3?
a)
Winter
b)
Spring
c)
Summer
d)
Fall
77.
Why does Earth have different seasons? 
a)
because of the distance between Earth and the sun 
b)
because of the speed of Earth as it rotates on its axis 
c)
because of the amount of light blocked by the moon on its axis 
d)
because of the tilt of Earth on its axis as it moves around the sun 
78.
A ball of ice and dust with a tail of gas and dust pointing away from the sun.
a)
Asteroid
b)
Comet
c)
Moon
d)
Meteor
79.
In what form does the Sun's energy travel to Earth?
a)
Heat
b)
Electrical energy
c)
Electromagnetic radiation
d)
Mechanical energy
80.
One complete revolution / orbit of the earth =
a)
Year
b)
Day
c)
Month
d)
Week
81.
One complete rotation of the earth =
a)
Year
b)
Day
c)
Month
d)
Week
82.
Describe the shape of earth’s orbit
a)
Elliptical
b)
Round
c)
Rectangular
d)
The sun revolves around the Earth
83.
What is an astronomical unit?
a)
distance between the moon and earth
b)
distance between the earth and pluto
c)
distance between the earth and sun
d)
distance between NJ and Cali
84.
All of the outer planets--
a)
have many moons
b)
are small
c)
have a short orbit around the Sun
d)
are rocky
85.
All planets have the following characteristics EXCEPT
a)
They rotate
b)
They revolve
c)
They have an atmosphere
d)
They have elliptical orbits
86.
Which outer planet has rings?
a)
Saturn
b)
Uranus
c)
Neptune
d)
All outer planets
87.
When a meteoroid burns in Earth's atmosphere, it creates a "shooting star." What is a shooting star?
a)
Meteorite
b)
Meteor
c)
Falling star
d)
Comet
88.

How do scientists believe gravity influenced the formation of the planets in our solar system?

a)

A large cloud of gas and dust ignited into a planet.

b)

Gravity pulled the planets out of the Sun.

c)

A large explosion created the planets.

d)

Large pieces of debris clumped together to form planets.

89.

What are the steps of the Nebular Theory?

a)

Step 1: A tiny point rapidly expanded

Step 2: Helium was compressed into stars

Step 3: The stars explode and turn into planets

b)

Step 1: Gravity pulled together atoms in a nebula

Step 2: Nuclear fusion occurred and a star is born

Step 3: Smaller clumps around the star formed into planets

c)

Step 1: The solar system formed because of the Big Bang

Step 2: Our solar system was the first one

Step 3: Dark energy is pushing other solar systems away

d)

Step 1: Gaseous planets will orbit the Sun slower

Step 2: Rocky planets will orbit the Sun faster

Step 3: The Sun will vaporize all the inner planets

90.

What causes the tides?

a)

The Moon and the Sun's gravity

b)

The Earth and the Sun's gravity

c)

Jupiter and Saturn's gravity

d)

The inner planets gravity

91.

What does the Earth, Moon and Saturn have in common?

a)

The Sun revolves around them.

b)

Saturn orbits the Earth, and at the same time, the Moon revolves around the Earth.

c)

They all revolve in elliptical orbital paths around the Sun due to gravity.

d)

They all have life on them.

92.

How does the Moon's gravity cause the rise and fall of Earth's ocean levels?

a)

The Sun's gravitational force "pulls" on both the Earth and the Moon at different times.

b)

Earth revolves on its axis, which causes ocean levels to rise facing the Moon.

c)

Since the Moon has more mass than Earth, the Moon's gravity causes tides.

d)

The Moon's gravitational force "pulls" on the oceans

93.

The only planet that has the presence of "life"

a)

Mars

b)

Earth

c)

Venus

d)

Jupiter

94.
The definition of eclipse is:
a)
The planets line up
b)
The Sun, Earth and Mars line up
c)
The Sun, Earth and Moon line up
d)
The Earth, Moon and Venus line up 
95.

We do NOT have a lunar eclipse each month because...

a)

The tilt of the moon's orbit is at 5 degrees

b)

The moon is too small

c)

The moon's orbital distance changes

d)

All choices

96.
Which type of eclipse is shown in this picture?
a)
Solar Eclipse
b)
Orbit
c)
Lunar Eclipse
d)
Total Eclipse
97.

Which body has the greater effect on Earth's tides?

a)

Sun

b)

Saturn

c)

Moon

d)

Venus

98.

What is a difference between spring and neap tides?

a)

Spring tides occur when the earth and sun are IN LINE with the new or full moon.

b)

Spring tides occur when moon in 3rd or 1st quarter phases

c)

Spring tides are LOWER than neap tides

d)

Spring tides occur in Spring and neap tides can occur in any season

99.
What type of tides would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?
a)
neap tide
b)
spring tide
c)
new moon tide
d)
full moon tide
100.
What are the reasons for the season?
a)
Earth's tilt & rotation
b)
Earth's tilt & revolution
c)
Earth's rotation & rovolution
d)
Earth's tilt & resolution
101.
What happens when the area in which you live tilts away from the sun?
a)
It is summer.
b)
It is spring.
c)
It is winter.
d)
It is fall.
102.
Why does the area around the equator stay the same temperature all year?
a)
The equator rotates slower than the poles.
b)
The equator remains the same distance from the sun.
c)
The equator always receives direct sunlight.
d)
The equator has 18 hour days.
103.

Which season is taking place in the Northern Hemisphere in Position 1?

a)
Winter
b)
Spring
c)
Summer
d)
Fall
104.

Which  of the following best describes the tilt of the earth during the spring and fall equinoxes?

a)
The earth is tilted away from the sun (Northern hemisphere)
b)
The earth is tilted neither toward or away from the sun (tilt is side to side)
c)
The earth is tilted toward the sun (Northern hemisphere)
d)
The earth is not tilted during spring and fall
105.

Which season is taking place in the Northern Hemisphere in Position 4?

a)
Winter
b)
Spring
c)
Summer
d)
Fall
106.

Which season is taking place in the Northern Hemisphere in Position 2?

a)
Winter
b)
Spring
c)
Summer
d)
Fall
107.

What type of weather might you notice near a LOW PRESSURE area?

a)

Precipitation

b)

Sunny skies

c)

Dry air masses

108.

True or False:

Precipitation depends on air temperature.

a)

True

b)

False

109.

What is the correct definition of a COLD front?

a)

When a warm air mass overrides a cold air mass

b)

When a cold front catches up to a warm front

c)

When a cold air mass moves under a warm air mass

110.

Which of the following is NOT a main type of weather front?

a)

Warm front

b)

Cold front

c)

Stationary front

d)

Active front

111.

Look at the point labeled A on the weather map. What kind of weather can you expect in this area?

a)

Sunny and calm winds

b)

Sunny and very windy

c)

Rainy and windy

d)

Cold, snow, and calm

112.

Look at the point labeled B on the weather map. What kind of weather can you expect here?

a)

Cold and windy

b)

Rainy

c)

Sunny and calm

d)

Snow and wind

113.

High Pressure Systems generally bring what kind of weather?

a)

Sunny skies

b)

Cloudy skies

c)

Rain and precipitation

d)

Windy weather

114.

Look at the weather map. What type of air front is heading toward San Francisco?

a)

Cold front

b)

Warm front

c)

Stationary front

d)

Occluded front

115.

What information, or data, on a weather map can be used to predict weather with 100% accuracy?

a)

Isobar pressure lines

b)

Direction of the warm and cold fronts

c)

Location of the high and low pressure systems

d)

Weather prediction is never 100% accurate

116.

Which is most often a result of a warm air mass moving over a cooler air mass?

a)

a decrease in wind speed

b)

a decrease in cloud cover

c)

an increase in precipitation

d)

an increase in air pressure

117.

The average yearly rainfall for Miami, Florida is about 58 inches. During the year, Miami goes through a dry period where it receives very little rainfall. Which factor is MOST likely responsible for the dry period?

a)

cold air moving in from the north

b)

distance from the Gulf Stream current

c)

location of latitude north of the equator

d)

warm air moving in from the Atlantic Ocean

118.

High-pressure systems stop air from rising into the colder regions of the atmosphere where water can condense. What will MOST likely result if a high-pressure system remains in an area for a long period of time?

a)

fog

b)

rain

c)

drought

d)

tornado

119.

Tornadoes can occur throughout the United States. One area where most of the tornadoes occur is known as Tornado Alley.


Which environmental factors MOST likely impact the formation of tornadoes in this area?

a)

high-pressure systems colliding with other high-pressure systems

b)

cold dry air and warm dry air moving toward each other

c)

low evaporation rates and windy conditions

d)

cool dry air colliding with warm moist air

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