WorksheetsHydrosphere Exam Review
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins
When the clouds get too heavy and water falls back to earth
Runoff
Condensation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Water running off the land surface.
Runoff
Precipitation
Evaporation
Sublimation
Plants giving off moisture and releasing water into the air
Evaporation
Condensation
Transpiration
Precipitation
The movement of water from the earth and into the atmosphere
Percolation
Evaporation
Condensation
Water Cycle
All the land in which water flows on or under into a major river
Runoff
River Basin
River System
Tributaries
Streams that flow into other streams increasing the size of the stream that it is joining
Tributaries
Watershed
Aquifer
River System
The movement of water through opening of rocks or soil.
Sublimation
Runoff
Water Table
Infiltration
The process in which material is worn away by a stream.
Erosion
Alluvil Fan
Meander
Wetland
The salinity of the water in Earth's oceans differs depending on location. How does ocean salinity change moving from Earth's poles to the equator?
Salinity increases due to increased evaporation.
Salinity decreases due to increased precipitation.
Salinity decreases due to increased water density.
Salinity increases due to increased water temperature.
2.Groundwater
2. The remains of the water is soaked into the ground.
2. Transpiration happens to the plants.
2. Evaporation
What else could happen here?
The figure shows many of the components of a typical watershed. Which of the following would happen if precipitation increased within the watershed boundary?
The river would expand into the floodplain
Some tributaries would disappear
Hillside infiltration would be reduced
Boundaries of the watershed would expand
Which statement describes MOST groundwater?
Groundwater is found in underground lakes, rivers, and streams.
Groundwater is found in the spaces between rocks, gravel, and sand
Groundwater is isolated from surface water and moves in its own cycle.
Groundwater is sequestered below the surface for years or decades at a time.
Less than 3% of the water on earth is
salt water
freshwater
ice
polluted
Most of the world's freshwater is found here?
ocean
lakes
rivers
glaciers
Water that is stored in pores, soil, sediments and rocks is known as_____________?
salt water
freshwater
soil water
groundwater
The main source of water for most people is ___________.
ocean
lake
groundwater
glaciers
What are the two main problems with water?
overuse and pollution
frozen and too salty to drink
too many fish and pollution
color and taste
How do humans affect the availability of water? (Select more than one answer.)
Building dams
Changing (modifying) lakes and streams
Overuse of water for power and agriculture
Melting glaciers
Water that flows across the surface of the Earth picking up trash, chemicals from agriculture, etc. is known as
ocean water
groundwater
smog
runoff
How can we help prevent water pollution? (There is more than one answer.)
Use less detergents
Do not pour grease down the drain
Allow farm waste to wash off into the lakes.
Use less fertilizers on yards and crops
Which best explains why population growth can result in water shortages in certain areas?
Lake water can only be used for recreation.
More living things make it harder for water to evaporate.
Tall buildings disturb the development of rain clouds.
Aquifers recharge slower than they are drained.
What does water quality tell us?
It tells us how old the water is
It tells us how healthy water is
It tells us how water should be cleaned
It tells us where the water came from
How could pesticides get into lakes and streams?
Too much could be used
It could be sprayed too close to a stream
Rain could wash pesticides into a stream
All of the above
The presence of pollution sensitive macroinvertebrates like stonefly and caddisfly indicates...
good quality water
poor quality water
Approximately 75% of the Earth's surface is covered in water. So why is water considered such a precious resource?
The greenhouse effect is causing most of the world's freshwater to be trapped in the atmosphere
Only a small fraction of the Earth's water is freshwater is available for drinking
Each year, freshwater is being trapped in icecaps located at the North and South Poles
Global warming caused by greenhouse gases will likely cause Earth's oceans to evaporate
When roads built of concrete and asphalt are made, how does that affect the hydrologic cycle?
Both Infiltration and runoff increase
Both Infiltration and runoff decrease
Infiltration increases and runoff decreases
Infiltration decreases and runoff increases
Which of the following is the best way to conserve worldwide freshwater?
Build more highways for cars and trucks
Increase the amount of land used to raise cattle
Build more coal-powered electricity plants
Use more efficient farming techniques
Why do landowners have to be careful building wells near the coast?
Farmers will eventually rely only on freshwater for their crops.
Saltwater may intrude into their freshwater aquifer.
The coast has more pollution that inland areas.
More people live on the coasts, so there is a higher demand for water.
As human populations grow, how will the hydrosphere be impacted?
The need for water will increase and pollution will increase
The need for water will decrease and pollution will increase
The need for water will increase and pollution will decrease
The need for water will decrease and pollution will decrease
When we have heavy rainfalls, pollutants get washed into nearby river basins from many different sources. How can we classify this?
Point Source Pollution
Nonpoint Source Pollution
Infiltration Pollution
Primary Pollution
Microscopic bubbles of gaseous oxygen (O2) mixed in water and available to aquatic organisms for respiration.
Nitrates
Dissolved oxygen
Phosphates
Point Source Pollution
Measure of how acidic or basic a liquid is
pH
DO
Nitrates
Phosphates
When a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae
Eutrophication
Turbidity
Nonpoint source pollution
Point source pollution
Water that has high turbidity __________.
will be clear with no pollution in it.
is healthier for fish and other aquatic organisms.
may be the result of sediment deposited in the water.
has a higher amount of dissolved oxygen.
Which of the following will help to reduce sediment entering waterways?
removing vegetative buffers from the river banks
Remove the curves from rivers so that the water speed increases.
Increase the aquatic plants living in the water.
planting vegetative buffers on the banks of rivers
Which of the following would most likely result in pesticides and herbicides entering waterways?
evaporation
runoff
condensation
transpiration
Which of the following is the best example of a source of POINT POLLUTION?
Pet owners leaving waste on the ground.
Runoff from farms that brings animal waste into a stream.
Home owners washing cars near a storm drain.
A fabric company that pours extra dye into a nearby stream
Which of the following statements best explains why nonpoint pollution is so difficult to prevent?
Because nonpoint pollution can be traced to only one source.
Because the source of nonpoint pollution is difficult to identify.
Because the source of nonpoint pollution may be a factory that can afford large fines.
Because nonpoint pollution is mainly from high temperature, which is impossible for us to affect.
which word describes the image
run off
poor water quality
soil erosion
pollution
Where does most bacteria in our water supply come from?
People waste (untreated sewage)
Animal waste
Both people waste (untreated sewage) and animal waste
the source cannot be determined
True or False: Water does not have to look dirty to be polluted.
True
False
How long does it take for a plastic water bottle to break down?
4 months
40 years
200 years
450 years
How long does it take for wool socks to break down?
1-5 months
1-5 years
10-50 years
100 years
How long does it take a Styrofoam cup to break down?
5 years
15 years
50 years
500 years
In the diagram, letter A best represents:
Runoff
Watershed
Water Table
Confining Layer
During the process of infiltration, water seeps through the ground and into an aquifer. Which of the following terms best describes this process?
Recharge
Discharge
Depletion
Surcharge
Which of the layers is composed of impermeable material?
Layer B: the unconfined aquifer
Layer C: the unconfined aquifer
Layer C: the confining layer
Layer D: the unconfined aquifer
What are the spaces called through which water moves through soil?
holes
tubules
tunnels
pores
Out of all the water on Earth, how much is freshwater?
100%
70%
30%
3%
If a well is over-pumped... what could happen?
there will be more groundwater
less groundwater + aquifers will dry out
the water table does not change
A _________________ source of pollution is a water pollution source that happens in a specific area, such as a spot where chemicals are being directly dumped in the water.
point
nonpoint
aquifer
gravity
A __________________ source of water pollution is water pollution over a larger area, such as roadways, agricultural areas, and industrial sites.
point
nonpoint
aquifer
gravity
Which of the following is NOT a negative impact of groundwater depletion?
Subsidence
Ecosystems in rivers and streams
Increased levels in aquifers
Damage to buildings and houses
When too much water is pumped out of the ground and the land sinks, it is known as______________.
Aquifer
Earthquake
Subsidence
Groundwater
On the maps of California, why was so much water being pumped from those particular areas?
Swimming pools were being filled
Crops were being grown
People were taking too many showers
Raising a lot of cows
A process that removes salt from seawater is known as ____________.
Recycling
Subsidence
Pasteurization
Desalination
Which of the following is NOT a drawback of desalination?
Plenty of available Saltwater
Cost to build and operate
Disposal of Salt
Energy Usage
What are 2 benefits to recycling waste water?
Uses less energy than desalination and people may reject recycled water
People may reject recycled water and costs of changing the plumbing infrastructure
Costs of changing the plumbing infrastructure and could reduce withdrawals from aquifers
Uses less energy than desalination and could reduce withdrawals from aquifers
Saltwater intrusion is occurring faster now than it has in past decades.
True
False
Saltwater intrusion occurs when . . . (pick TWO)
salt water comes up onto low elevation land
salt water makes its way into precipitation
salt water seeps into fresh water aquifers
salt water gets into your tap water
What is land subsidence?
When the land erodes dramatically because of water's movement.
When the ground sinks because of groundwater depletion.
When an area is being irrigated by groundwater.
When an area is being subjected to saltwater intrusion.
Which result is most likely to occur after excessive withdrawal of groundwater in coastal areas?
increased reliance on irrigation because of drier soil conditions
dilution of brackish water in estuarine ecosystems
reduced efficiency of local desalination facilities
intrusion of salt water into the water table
A large company constructs a deep well to obtain water for industrial use. The location of the well is shown in the figure below.
What is one benefit to the company of placing the well where they did instead of making the well shallower?
Drought should have less of an effect on the amount of water produced by the well.
Confining beds will prevent more water from entering the aquifer near the well.
Water in the aquifer where the well is located will recharge more quickly.
A deeper well will be much less expensive to drill than a shallower well.
Saltwater intrusion can occur in aquifers near coastlines, when fresh groundwater in the aquifer is displaced by salt water. Coastline aquifers become more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion when freshwater recharge rates are low or withdrawal rates are high. An aquifer in which of the following areas would be MOST affected by saltwater intrusion?
a small coastal town experiencing a rainy summer
a coastal agricultural area using periodic irrigation
a large inland region of growing cities and farms
a growing coastal city undergoing a drought
Over-using an aquifer can lead to subsidence. Which other hazard would MOST likely be exacerbated by this subsidence?
climate change
earthquake
drought
flooding
Which is the most common contamination source for freshwater resources?
runoff
digging wells
melting of glaciers
lightning
Which surface would have the most runoff from it after a rainstorm?
Which surface would be impermeable?
