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nervous system

Total questions: 117

Worksheet time: 2hrs 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

what are the 2 major anatomical divisions

a)

central nervous system

b)

peripheral nervous system

c)

somatic nervous system

d)

autonomic nervous system

2.

true or false, when conducting an action potential, saltatory propagation is faster than continuous propagation

a)

true

b)

false

3.

how is the neurotransmitter removed from the synaptic cleft?

a)

it is broken down by specific enzymes

b)

it is reabsorbed back into the presynaptic neuron

c)

it diffuses away

d)

all the above

4.

which of the following types of channels open and closes in response in an electrical stimulus

a)

mechanically-gated channels

b)

na/k atpase

c)

ligand-gated channels

d)

voltage-gated channels

e)

leakage channels

5.

which of the following is not typically a structure found on most neurons?

a)

synaptic and bulbs

b)

cell body

c)

dendrites

d)

axon

e)

sarcolemma

6.

what is stored in the synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron

a)

an action potential

b)

sodium ions

c)

neurotransmitters

d)

calcium ions

e)

ATP

7.

how are graded potential different from action potential?

a)

graded potentials are smaller

b)

graded potentials only travel a short distance

c)

they are usually associated with the dendrites of a neuron

d)

they can be either excitatory is inhibitory

e)

all of the answers are correct

8.

which of the following types of channels does not use passive energy for the movement of ions?

a)

leakage channels

b)

voltage-gated channels

c)

ligand-gated channels

d)

na/k atpase

e)

mechanically-gated channels

9.

which of the following types of channels opens and closes passively without the need for a stimulus

a)

leakage channels

b)

ligand-gated channels

c)

voltage-gated channels

d)

mechanically-gated channels

10.

all motor neurons that control skeletal muscle are which type of neuron?

a)

multipolar

b)

bipolar

c)

unipolar

11.

which of the following types of nervous tissue would conduct an action potential the fastest?

a)

unmyelinated axons

b)

myelinated axons

c)

grey matter

d)

white matter

e)

white matter and myelinated axons

12.

describe the process of an action potential

4 lines
13.

true or false, if a graded potential allows na ions to flow into the postsynaptic neuron, it will cause a slight hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential

a)

true

b)

false

14.

in a typical neuron, what would the membrane potential be immediately after it depolarizes and all the sodium has rushed into the cell?

a)

-70mV

b)

-55mV

15.

true or false, the most superficial tissue in the brain consists of white matter?

a)

true

b)

false

16.

which of the following statements about the functions of the nervous system is false?

a)

it monitors the bodys internal and external environments

b)

motor signals are transmitted through efferent fibers to effectors

c)

sensory stimuli are transmitted through efferent fibers to the CNS

d)

the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord

17.

true or false, nerves consist of only sensory or only motor neurons but never both

a)

true

b)

false

18.

specifically, which divisions of the PNS is responsible for our "rest and digest" response

a)

sympathetic division

b)

somatic division

c)

parasympathetic division

d)

enteric nervous system

19.

what is the function of axon terminals?

a)

for maintaining basic cell functions of the neuron

b)

to transmit an action potential to a target cell

c)

to initiate an action potential

d)

to stabilizing the resting membrane potential

20.

specifically, which division of the PNS is responsible for our "fight or flight" response?

a)

enteric nervous system

b)

somatic nervous system

c)

sympathetic nervous system

d)

parasympathetic nervous system

21.

why is saltatory conduction faster than continuous conduction

a)

depolarization only occurs at the nodes of ranvier

b)

there is more atp available to speed up the rate conduction

c)

there are more ion channels which allow for rapid movement of charged ions

d)

the myelin sheath slows down the rate of conduction

22.

what are the 2 major divisions of the PNS?

a)

CNS

b)

motor

c)

sensory

d)

autonomic

e)

sympathetic

23.

which of the following types of channels opens and closes in response to specific neurotransmitter or hormones?

a)

leakage channels

b)

mechanically-gated channels

c)

voltage-gated channels

d)

ligand-gated channels

24.

true or false, an EPSP graded potential will slightly depolarize the membrane potential

a)

true

b)

false

25.

which of the following glial cells wrap around axons of the CNS to form a protective myeline sheath

a)

satellite cells

b)

microglial

c)

astrocytes

d)

oligodendrocytes

26.

where are the combined effects of all the EPSPs and IPSPs summed up

a)

dendrites

b)

action potential

c)

axon hillock

d)

myelin sheath

27.

which of the following types of channels opens and closes in response to a physical distortion of its plasma membrane?

a)

leakage channels

b)

ligand-gated channels

c)

voltage-gated channels

d)

mechanically-gated channels

28.

true or false, typically at rest the inside of a neuron will be negative relative to the outside of a neuron

a)

true

b)

false

29.

which of the following is not a factor in maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron/

a)

leakage channels

b)

na/k atpase

c)

an unequal distribution of ions

d)

the excitability of its membrane

e)

the inability for large anions to leave the cell

30.

how do leakage channels contribute to a neurons resting membrane potential of -70mV?

a)

there are more k channels allowing positive ions to freely move out

b)

there are more na channels allowing positive ions to freely move in

c)

there are an equal number of na and k channels

d)

none of these answers are correct

31.

in a typical neuron, which of the following is considered for the threshold voltage

a)

-70mV

b)

-55mV

c)

0mV

d)

-30mV

32.

which of the following structures send signals towards the cell body of a neuron?

a)

axon terminals

b)

axon

c)

soma

d)

axon hillock

e)

dendrites

33.

describe the process of a chemical synapse

4 lines
34.

which of the following glial cells are found only in the CNS?

a)

astrocytes

b)

oligodendrocytes

c)

microglia

d)

satellite cells

e)

ependymal cells

35.

for a neuron at rest, where would you find the greatest concentration of na ions?

a)

outside the cell in the extracellular fluid

b)

being used by the na/k atpase

c)

inside the cell in the cytosol

d)

bound to large proteins

e)

there is always equal distribution of na ions across the plasma membrane

36.

unipolar neurons have a cell body that extends away from its axon. when thousands of these cell bodies are grouped together, what is that structure called?

a)

white matter

b)

ganglion

c)

axon terminal

d)

grey matter

e)

axon hillock

37.

how do local anesthetics prevent us from feeling pain?

a)

they prevent voltage-gated sodium channels from opening

b)

they bind to ligand-gated channels in the synaptic cleft

c)

they mimic the effects of an inhibitory post synaptic potential

d)

none of these answers are correct

38.

are neurons or neuroglial cells most numerous?

4 lines
39.

neurons

a)

excitable cells that generate and transmit messages

b)

several types, each with a specific function

c)

provide structural support, growth factors, and insulating sheaths around axons

40.

multipolar

a)

several dendrites and one axon

b)

one main dendrite and one axon

c)

one process only

41.

bipolar

a)

one main dendrite and one axon

b)

several dendrites and one axon

42.

explain the difference between sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) neurons

4 lines
43.

afferent

a)

sensory

b)

motor

44.

half of the volume of the CNS

a)

neuroglial cells

b)

neurons

c)

nerves

45.

astrocytes

a)

form blood-brain barrier by covering blood capillaries

b)

form myelin sheath around more than one axon in the CNS

c)

small cells found near blood vessels

d)

form epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities (ventricles) and central canal of the spinal cord

46.

what is the function of a satellite cells?

4 lines
47.

encircles PNS axons

a)

schwann cells

b)

satellite cells

48.

order of axon layers in PNS from deepest to most superficial

a)

axon, myelin sheath, schwann cell

b)

schwann cell, axon, myeline sheath

c)

myelin sheath, axon, schwann cells

49.

what is the name of the gaps in the myelin sheath?

4 lines
50.

grey vs. white matter in the brain

4 lines
51.

what factors contribute to the resting membrane potential?

4 lines
52.

inhibitory

a)

prevents an action potential from starting

b)

encourages action potential to start

53.

saltatory conduction

a)

depolarization only at nodes of Ranvier where there is a high density of voltage-gated ion channels

b)

step-by-step depolarization of each portion of the length of axolemma

54.

explain the removal of neurotransmitters through diffusion, enzymatic degradation and uptake by neurons or glia cells

4 lines
55.

how is the nerve impulse able to continue down the axon at a fast speed?

4 lines
56.

continuous conduction

a)

step-by-step depolarization of each portion of the length of the axolemma

b)

depolarization only at nodes of Ranvier where there is a high density of voltage-gated ion channels.

57.

describe the propagation of action potential

4 lines
58.

describe and explain how an action potential is an all or nothing principal

4 lines
59.

EPSP VS. IPSP

4 lines
60.

describe how the effect of a neurotransmitter can be either excitatory or inhibitory

4 lines
61.

excitatory

a)

encourages an action potential to start

b)

prevents an action potential form starting

62.

membrane has become more positive

a)

hyperpolarization

b)

depolarization

63.

membrane has become more negative

a)

hyperpolarization

b)

depolarization

64.

describe the two types of ion channels in a neuron

4 lines
65.

action potentials vs. graded potentials

4 lines
66.

gray matter in the brain

a)

gray matter forms an H-shaped inner core surrounded by white matter

b)

a thin outer shell of gray matter covers the surface and is found in clusters called nuclei inside the CNS

67.

gray matter in the spinal cord

a)

gray matter forms an H-shaped inner core surrounded by white matter

b)

a thin outer shell of a gray matter covers the surface and is found in clusters called nuclei inside the CNS

68.

explain the axon coverings in the PNS

4 lines
69.

ependymal cells

a)

form blood-brain barrier by covering blood capillaries

b)

each forms myelin sheath around more than one axon in CNS

c)

small cells found near blood vessels

d)

form epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities (ventricles) and central canal of the spinal cord

70.

microglia

a)

form blood-brain barrier by covering blood capillaries

b)

form myeline sheath around more than one axon in CNS

c)

small cells found near blood vessels

d)

form epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities (ventricles) and central canal of the spinal cord

71.

oligodendrocytes

a)

form blood-brain barrier by covering blood capillaries

b)

each forms myelin sheath around more than one axon in CNS

c)

small cells found near blood vessels

d)

form epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities (ventricles) and central canal of the spinal cord

72.

what are the four types of cells in CNS?

4 lines
73.

what are the two types of cells in the PNS?

4 lines
74.

efferent

a)

sensory

b)

motor

75.

what are interneurons?

4 lines
76.

what neurons control skeletal muscle?

a)

bipolar

b)

multipolar

c)

unipolar

77.

where can you find a bipolar neuron?

4 lines
78.

draw a multipolar, bipolar and unipolar neurons

4 lines
79.

describe the physical characteristics of an axon

4 lines
80.

what is an axon?

4 lines
81.

what is a dendrite?

4 lines
82.

how many nucleus in a cell body?

4 lines
83.

nerves vs. neurons

4 lines
84.

what is the functional unit of the nervous system?

a)

neurons

b)

nerve cells

c)

neuroglial cells

d)

glial cells

85.

somatic (voluntary) nervous system

a)

processes incoming data and transmits motor commands

b)

sensory neurons from cutaneous and special receptors to the CNS.

c)

motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue

d)

motor neurons to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

86.

explain the purpose of the parasympathetic division

4 lines
87.

explain the purpose and function of the sympathetic division

4 lines
88.

function of peripheral nervous system

a)

coordinates all communication between CNS and rest of the body and includes all nervous tissue outside of CNS.

b)

processes incoming sensory data and transmits motor commands.

c)

sensory neurons from visceral organs to CNS

d)

sensory neurons form cutaneous and special receptors to the CNS.

89.

explain the purpose and function of the somatic nervous system

4 lines
90.

explain the purpose and function of the autonomic nervous system

4 lines
91.

explain the purpose and function of the peripheral nervous system

4 lines
92.

explain the purpose and function of the central nervous system

4 lines
93.

autonomic (involuntary) nervous systems (no control)

a)

sensory neurons from visceral organs to CNS

b)

motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue

c)

sensory neurons to smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and glands

d)

sensory neurons from cutaneous and special receptors to the CNS

94.

which of the following division of the nervous system specifically relates to the gastrointestinal tract?

a)

parasympathetic

b)

CNS

c)

enteric

d)

afferent

e)

somatic

95.

which of the following are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

a)

sensory and motor

b)

voluntary and involubntary

c)

sympathetic

d)

CNS and PNS

e)

afferent and efferent

96.

which division of the nervous system is responsible for our higher brain functions

a)

efferent division

b)

PNS

c)

afferent division

d)

CNS

97.

which of the following divisions of the nervous system send information to skeletal muscle?

a)

autonomic

b)

afferent

c)

somatic

d)

enteric

98.

which of the following structures of a neuron send electrical signals towards the cell body?

a)

nodes of ranvier

b)

axon hillock

c)

axon terminals

d)

axons

e)

dendrites

99.

which of the following structures of a neuron are responsible for producing graded potentials

a)

axon hillock

b)

axons

c)

dendrites

d)

nodes of ranvier

e)

axon terminals

100.

which of the following types of neurons are the most abundant?

a)

bipolar

b)

interneurons

c)

motor

d)

sensory

e)

unipolar

101.

which of the following pairs of glial cells are analogous to each other

a)

satellite and microglia cells

b)

microglia and ependymal cells

c)

astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

d)

ependymal and schwann cells

e)

oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

102.

which of the following divisions of the nervous system send information to the CNS?

a)

sensory

b)

afferent

c)

motor

d)

autonomic

103.

which of the following types of glial cells are not found within the CNS?

a)

oligodendrocytes

b)

microglia

c)

ependymal cells

d)

satellite cells

e)

astrocytes

104.

true or false, the extra-cellular (ECF) surrounding neurons has a naturally high concentration of sodium?

a)

true

b)

false

105.

during an excitatory graded potential (EPSP), typically which ions flow into the cell to slightly depolarize the membrane making the membrane potential less negative?

a)

acetylcholine

b)

potassium

c)

sodium

d)

chloride

e)

calcium

106.

true or false, in the plasma membrane of a neuron, there are more potassium leakage channels than sodium channels. this allows for more potassium ions to move into the cells and sodium ions to move out

a)

true

b)

false

107.

which of the following ion channels opens in response to a specific chemical stimulus?

a)

na/k atpase

b)

voltage-gated channels

c)

mechanically-gated channels

d)

ligand-gated channels

e)

leakage channels

108.

in which part of the neuron does an action potential originate

a)

axon terminals

b)

dendrites

c)

chemical synapse

d)

cell body

e)

axon hillock

109.

which of the following membrane potentials best represents a neuron that is hyperpolarize.

a)

+30mV

b)

-55mV

c)

-70mV

d)

0mV

e)

-80mV

110.

what is it called when the resting membrane potential of a neuron goes from -55mV to +30mV

a)

hyperpolarization

b)

threshold voltage

c)

depolarization

d)

repolarization

111.

how many sodium ions are moved out of the cell with each cycle of a na/k atpase

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

e)

4

112.

at the start of an action potential, which of the following channels is the first to open?

a)

ligand-gated sodium channel

b)

voltage-gated sodium channel

c)

ligand-gated potassium channel

d)

voltage-gated calcium channel

e)

voltage-gated potassium channel

113.

at the chemical synapse, which of the following ion channels are found on the postsynaptic neuron?

a)

ligand-gated sodium channels

b)

mechanically-gated channels

c)

voltage-gated sodium channels

d)

voltage-gated calcium channels

e)

ligand-gated calcium channels

114.

what is stored in the synaptic vesicles?

a)

DNA

b)

sodium ions

c)

neurotransmitters

d)

ATP

e)

extra-cellular fluid

115.

true or false, a neuron may have as many as 10 000 synapses with other neurons?

a)

true

b)

false

116.

which of the following events at a chemical synapse would occur first?

a)

ligand-gated sodium channels open on the postsynaptic neuron

b)

a new graded potential is created

c)

synaptic vesicles migrate and fuse with the membranes

d)

neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft

e)

voltage-gated calcium channels in the presynaptic neuron open

117.

at the chemical synapse, which of the following ion channels are found on the presynaptic neuron?

a)

ligand-gated calcium channels

b)

mechanically-gated channels

c)

voltage-gated sodium channels

d)

ligand-gated sodium channels

e)

voltage-gated calcium channels

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