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A&P Semester 1 Final Exam

Total questions: 116

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The process whereby a person receives blood is called blood ...

a)

transgression

b)

diffusion

c)

transmission

d)

transfusion

2.

Which one of the following is NOT part of the circulatory system?

a)

Stomach

b)

Heart

c)

Arteries

d)

Capillaries

3.

A biker of blood type O was in a serious accident; he lost a lot of blood and needed a blood transfusion. Which blood type should he have been given?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

O

d)

AB

4.

Which one of the following blood components helps it to clot when the skin is cut?

a)

Red blood cells

b)

White blood cells

c)

Plasma

d)

Platelets

5.

Which one of the following blood groups produce no antibodies?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

AB

d)

O

6.

Which of the following components of blood fights infections?

a)

Plasma

b)

Platelets

c)

Red blood cells

d)

White blood cells

7.

Which of the following does NOT describe the veins?

a)

Thin walls

b)

Thick walls

c)

Large lumen

d)

Presence of valves

8.

Which of the following blood groups is that of the ‘Universal donor’?

a)

A

b)

O

c)

AB

d)

B

9.

Which one of the following is NOT a blood group?

a)

A

b)

O

c)

AA

d)

AB

10.

Which component in blood carries oxygen around the body?

a)

Red blood cells

b)

White blood cells

c)

Platelets

d)

Plasma

11.

Which component in blood is a straw coloured liquid that transports dissolved substances?

a)

Red blood cells

b)

Plasma

c)

Platelets

d)

White blood cells

12.

Which of the following blood groups is known as a universal recipient?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

AB

d)

O

13.

How do we call the liquid component of the blood?

a)

plasma

b)

red blood cells

c)

white blood cells

d)

platelets

e)

water

14.

Which component of blood carries oxygen (O2)?

a)

plasma

b)

red blood cells

c)

white blood cells

d)

platelets

e)

water

15.

Which component of blood allows clotting in order to stop bleeding?

a)

plasma

b)

red blood cells

c)

white blood cells

d)

platelets

e)

water

16.

Which component of blood helps fight infections (viruses or bacteria)?

a)

plasma

b)

red blood cells

c)

white blood cells

d)

platelets

e)

water

17.

Which component of blood is responsible for the transport of nutrients, cellular waste, hormones, etc?

a)

red blood cells

b)

white blood cells

c)

plasma

d)

platelets

e)

blood type

18.

What is the name of the protein contained in red blood cells that allows it to carry oxygen (O2)?

a)

hemoglobin

b)

hormone

c)

blood type

d)

coagulation

e)

antibodiy

19.
The lack of sufficient red blood cells in the blood system is called
a)
cyanosis
b)
anemia
c)
hemochromatosis
d)
hypoxia
20.
What part of blood carries hemoglobin?
a)
Red blood cells
b)
Plasma
c)
Platlets
d)
White blood cells
21.
What is the function of hemoglobin?
a)
to carry iron
b)
to carry wastes
c)
to carry oxygen
d)
to produce oxygen
22.
Another name for white blood cells is
a)
erythrocytes
b)
plasmocytes
c)
leukocytes
d)
thrombocytes
23.
Which of the following is not a primary function of blood?
a)
help fight disease
b)
transports nutrients, oxygen, wastes, and hormones
c)
to provide structure 
d)
distributes heat
24.
Blood is classified as ___ tissue.
a)
connective
b)
circulatory
c)
epithelial
d)
muscular
25.
Blood becomes bright red in color because of the
a)
amount of folic acid present
b)
amount of hemoglobin present
c)
amount of oxygen present
d)
amount of iron present
26.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by 
a)
a lack of red blood cells
b)
a genetic abnormality in the amino acids
c)
lack of available oxygen
d)
too much iron in the circulatory system
27.
The shape of the RBC allows for a greater surface area so the cell can
a)
fit through capillaries easily
b)
exchange gasses more quickly
c)
hold additional hemoglobin
d)
reproduce quicker
28.
Where does hematopoiesis take place, producing new RBCs?
a)
red bone marrow
b)
yellow bone marrow
c)
synovial membrane
d)
articular cartilage
29.
The three steps of hemostasis are:
1. vascular spasm
2. ___________
3. coagulation
a)
platelet plug formation
b)
agglutination
c)
dilation
d)
erythropoieten formation
30.
Red blood cells are
a)
thrombocytes
b)
neutrophils
c)
monocytes
d)
erthryocytes
31.
The process of stopping bleeding
a)
homeostasis
b)
hemostasis
c)
phagocytosis
d)
dermatographia
32.

Scar tissue is formed during which phase of wound healing?

a)

Inflammatory

b)

Proliferative

c)

Remodeling

d)

Haemostasis

33.

The growth factor that influences regeneration is the epidermal growth factor.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Which of the following lay down collagen at the site of injury?

a)

Capillaries

b)

Fibroblasts

c)

Phagocytes

d)

Kinins

35.
During which stage of wound healing does a blood clot form?
a)
Hemostasis
b)
Inflammatory
c)
Proliferative
d)
Remodeling
36.

A break in skin or mucous membranes is known as a(n) _________ wound

a)

Open

b)

Closed

37.

Type I collagen is mostly present in:

a)

Blood vessels

b)

Cartilage

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Skin

38.

A keloid scar remains confined to the site of the original skin injury.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

General factors predisposing to wound infection include all EXCEPT:

a)

Eosinophilia

b)

Uncontrolled diabetes

c)

Granulocytopenia

d)

Poor perfusion

40.

Post-operative complications of wound healing include the following, EXCEPT:

a)

Keloid formation

b)

Development of Cancer

c)

Cicatrisation and Deformity

d)

Wound Rupture

41.

For healing by first intention the wound should be:

a)

Clean

b)

Covered by inflammatory cells

c)

Large

d)

Unapproximated

42.
The structure that holds the root of the hair firmly in place.
a)
Hair follicle
b)
Hair shaft
c)
Hypodermis
d)
Sweat pore
43.
The coloring in the skin; found in the epidermis.
a)
Melanin
b)
Oil
c)
Perspiration
d)
Pores
44.
Your fingerprints are formed in this layer of skin.
a)
Papillary Dermis
b)
Epidermis
c)
Reticular Dermis
d)
Hypodermis
45.
To what structure is #4 pointing?
a)
Sweat gland and duct
b)
Sweat pore
c)
Arrector pili muscle
d)
Sebaceous oil gland
46.
The epidermis is composed of _____.
a)
stratified squamous epithelium
b)
simple columnar epithelium
c)
adipose tissue
d)
connective tissue
47.
Sweating to regulate body temperature is an example of
a)
negative feedback
b)
positive feedback
c)
a homeostatic imbalance
d)
aging
48.
Which layer is mostly adipose (fat) tissue?
a)
Epidermis
b)
Hypodermis
c)
Peridermis
d)
Dermis
49.
Which layer of skin has veins and arteries?
a)
Hypodermis
b)
Peridermis
c)
Dermis
d)
Epidermis
50.
Oil glands are called
a)
eccrine
b)
apocrine
c)
sebaceous glands
d)
sudoriferous glands
51.
The basale layer which includes dividing keratinocytes that act as stem cells are located where in the skin?
a)
bottom of the dermis
b)
bottom of the hypodermis
c)
bottom of the epidermis
d)
none of these
52.
Which type of sweat gland is found in the arm pits and produces smelly pheromones
a)
merocrine
b)
apocrine
c)
sebaceous
d)
holocrine
53.
This gland releases an oil known as sebum.
a)
Sebaceous gland
b)
Apocrine gland
c)
Merocrine gland
d)
All of the choices
54.
Nails are made out of what?
a)
All of the choices
b)
Melanin
c)
Fibrin
d)
Keratin 
55.
Which of these events occur as a result of a decrease in body temperature?
a)
sweat is produced
b)
your nails turn red
c)
contraction of arrector pili muscles
d)
all of the choices
56.
Responsible for producing skin color by creating a dark pigment called melanin:
a)
melanocyte - 6
b)
dermis - 7
c)
keratinocytes - 8
d)
Langerhans cells - 9
57.
Antigen-presenting cells which ingest foreign antigens and activate the immune system:
a)
melanocyte - 6
b)
dermis - 7
c)
keratinocytes - 8
d)
Langerhans cells - 9
58.
Keratinocytes here have spine-like projections which gives rise to this cell layer name: 
a)
Stratum granulosum - 3
b)
Stratum spinosum - 4
c)
Stratum basale - 5
d)
melanocyte - 6
59.
Merkel cells are present and respond to touch:
a)
Stratum spinosum - 4
b)
Stratum basale - 5
c)
melanocyte - 6
d)
dermis - 7
60.
Which is NOT part of the integumentary system?
a)
Sweat glands
b)
Muscles
c)
Nails
d)
Hair
61.
Yellow pigment found mostly in yellow & orange vegetables
a)
keratin
b)
carotene
c)
melanin
d)
jaundice
62.
The substance secreted by the sebaceous glands is called:
a)
 sebum
b)
sudoriferous
c)
sulfur
d)
lymph
63.
Merkel Cells are located in the _________________.
a)
Epidermis
b)
Dermis
c)
Hypodermis (Fatty Tissue)
64.
Which layer of the integument system contains hair bulbs and follicles?
a)
epidermis
b)
dermis
c)
hypodermis
65.

The layer containing sebaceous and sudoriferous glands.

a)

Dermis

b)

Sebaceous

c)

Sudoriferous

d)

Keratin

e)

Apocrine

66.

8. What are the two types of sweat gland?

a)

apocrine, sebum

b)

sebum, eccrine

c)

eccrine, lanula

d)

apocrine, eccrine

67.

The sweat glands that become active at puberty?

a)

eccrine

b)

aprocrine

c)

alveolar

d)

holocrine

68.

The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the _________

a)

hair bulb

b)

hair root

c)

hair shaft

d)

hair follicle

69.
Which layer of skin has veins and arteries?
a)
Hypodermis
b)
Peridermis
c)
Dermis
d)
Epidermis
70.

Which dermal layer contains capillaries, lymph nodes, and sensory neurons?

a)

Papillary Layer

b)

Reticular Layer

71.

Which sweat gland is located all over the body, primarily used for temp. regulation:

a)

Apocrine glands

b)

Eccrine glands

72.

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders?

a)

cyanosis

b)

jaundice

c)

pallor

d)

erythema

73.

The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the ________.

a)

skeletal system

b)

integumentary system

c)

endocrine system

d)

immune system

74.

The type of membrane that forms the skin is the ___________________.

a)

synovial membrane

b)

cutaneous membrane

c)

mucous membrane

d)

serous membrane

75.
Why do you turn red when you are hot?
a)
The blood vessels in your skin constrict, reducing blood flow to cool the body
b)
The blood vessels constrict to increase blood flow to cool the body
c)
The blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow to the skin
d)
The blood vessels dilate to decrease blood flow to the skin
76.
Why does your skin tan?
a)
Apocrine glands secrete melanin into the stratum corneum
b)
The cells produce Keratin to protect the cell from UV radiation.
c)
Skin produces melanin to protect DNA in the cell's nucleus
d)
None of the above
77.
Sweat glands
a)
sebaceous 
b)
sudoriferous
78.
Meissner's Corpuscles are located near the top of the _____________________.
a)
Epidermis
b)
Dermis
c)
Hypodermis (Fatty Tissue)
79.
Pacinian Corpuscles are located deep in the _____________________.
a)
Epidermis
b)
Dermis
c)
Hypodermis (Fatty Tissue)
80.
Which of the following is not a function of the skin?
a)
Hormone production to protect bones
b)
Protection
c)
Temperature regulation
d)
Sensory perception
81.
Goosebumps are caused by contractions of the ______ muscle
a)
Arrector pili
b)
Apocrine
c)
Eccrine
d)
Sebaceous
82.
What do B cells produce?
a)
antigens
b)
macrophages
c)
T cells
d)
antibodies
83.
Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense?
a)
skin
b)
B cells
c)
sweat
d)
lysozyme
84.

This type of immunity can be called nonspecific and refers to the bodies defenses that are present since birth.

a)

resistance

b)

adaptive immunity

c)

acquired immunity

d)

innate immunity

85.

A cellular structure used in phagocytosis filled with digestive enzymes such as protease.

a)

vesicle

b)

Phagosome

c)

Phagolysosome

d)

Lysosome

86.

This process increases blood flow to an area that is damaged, due to increased blood vessel size and is responsible for redness and edema in the area

a)

vasodilation

b)

vasoconstriction

c)

margination

d)

emigration

87.

This type of immunity is acquired during one's lifetime. It is induced by antigens that invade the body.

a)

innate immunity

b)

adaptive immunity

c)

nonspecific immunity

d)

normal microbiota

88.

antigens are . . . choose all that are correct

a)

microbes that cause a specific immune response

b)

seen as "foreign" to the body

c)

normal microbiota

d)

bacteria with capsules

e)

pollen or other allergens

89.

These are proteins produced by the body's immune system specific to a foreign substance. These are sometimes called immunoglobulins which are produced by B-cells

a)

antigen

b)

memory cells

c)

antibody

d)

interferons

90.

programmed cell death, phagocytes will dispose of the fragments

a)

opsonation

b)

agglutination

c)

immunoglobulin

d)

apoptosis

91.

A(n) ________ is a substance that causes an immune response. It can be on the surface of a(n) pathogen.

a)

antigen

b)

antibodies

c)

B cells

d)

T cells

92.

_________ form in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland.

a)

antigen

b)

antibodies

c)

B cells

d)

T cells

93.

_________ form and mature in the bone marrow.

a)

antigen

b)

antibodies

c)

B cells

d)

T cells

94.

If the body produces antibodies in response to an antigen, this is called _________.

a)

passive immunity

b)

antibodies

c)

active immunity

d)

antigens

95.

_________ is the introduction of antibodies that were produced outside the body.

a)

Passive immunity

b)

Antibodies

c)

Active immunity

d)

Antigens

96.

The innate immune system is...

a)

Always working and doesn't require any special preparation

b)

Needs to be "primed" before it can work to its full effectiveness

c)

Very specific and only defends against a specific pathogen

d)

Not very effective at preventing intruders

97.

These two types of antibodies protect the new born baby

a)

Ig G

b)

Ig M

c)

Ig A

d)

Ig D

e)

Ig E

98.

A form of innate immunity - oil that bathes the skin forming a protective film over the skin. This oil inhibits growth of pathogens.

a)

keratin

b)

sebum

c)

mucous

d)

lacrimal apparatus produces tears

99.

Proteins in blood plasma and on cell membranes that interact as a system to respond to a microbe in the body. These proteins respond to binding of antibodies to the cell membrane of invading microbe.

a)

compliment system

b)

immune system

c)

innate immunity

d)

Interferon

100.

choose all of the parts of the bodies first line of defense

a)

Skin in layers with the top layer being dead dry cells that shed off removing pathogens

b)

Mucous membranes in the nose, respiratory and digestive tract

c)

Tears which wash away microbes in the eyes

d)

Specialized cells which have a memory of past pathogens

e)

Cytoxic T cells and cytoxins

101.

The second line of defense includes which of the following?

a)

inclusions

b)

Non-specific phagocytes

c)

inflamatory response

d)

cilia

e)

White blood cells such as neutrophils

102.

A part of the innate immunity. The bodies defensive response caused by microbial infection, physical damage or chemical agents. Showing redness, swelling, and phagocytes coming to the area to engulf the microbe.

a)

phagocytosis

b)

edema

c)

cytotoxicity

d)

Inflammation

103.

Immunity brought about by antibodies

a)

cellular immunity

b)

immunoglobulins

c)

compliment system

d)

adaptive humoral immunity

104.

The coating of an antigen with antibodies to facilitate phagocytosis

a)

opsonization

b)

ingestion

c)

margination

d)

diapedesis

105.

This Immunoglobulin can trigger histamine to be released from mast cells when it binds to an antigen, It causes an alergic response. It also protects against parasitic worms

a)

Ig M

b)

Ig A

c)

Ig D

d)

Ig E

106.

Proteins that initiate an immune response. These proteins may initiate chemotaxis, fever, pain, and T- cell production.

a)

Keratin

b)

Mycotoxins

c)

Cytokines

d)

Transferrins

107.

Which of the following is a true statement about how the body protects itself from disease?

a)

The muscular system traps invading pathogens

b)

The digestive system produces antibodies against invading pathogens

c)

The skin creates a barrier to pathogens entering the body

d)

The nervous system produces white blood cells which attack invading pathogens

108.

When you get a cut in your skin, your body must work to repair it. What are the most basic levels of organization involved in the healing process?

a)

Cells and tissues

b)

tissues and organs

c)

cells and organs

d)

tissues and organ systems

109.
The ______________ system returns interstitial fluid to the blood stream.
a)
ureters
b)
spleen
c)
thymus
d)
lymphatic
110.
Anything that triggers an immune response is a/n
a)
lymph cell
b)
antigen
c)
antibody
d)
neutrop
111.
B cells mature in the
a)
thymus
b)
intestine
c)
bone marrow
d)
heart
112.
What do scientists call bacteria and viruses that can make people sick?  
a)
diseases
b)
vaccines
c)
antibodies
d)
pathogens
113.
Diseases are passed from human to human by these four types of germs: 
a)
Viruses, influenza, HIV, and vaccines
b)
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
c)
Viruses, cancers, mutagens, and DNA
d)
Viruses, blood, pollutants, and symptoms
114.
Diseases are passed from human to human by these four types of germs: 
a)
Viruses, influenza, HIV, and vaccines
b)
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
c)
Viruses, cancers, mutagens, and DNA
d)
Viruses, blood, pollutants, and symptoms
115.
Where do T cells mature?
a)
lymph node
b)
bone marrow
c)
thymus
d)
liver
116.
B cells mature in the
a)
thymus
b)
intestine
c)
bone marrow
d)
heart

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