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Earth Systems Midterm Review

Total questions: 120

Worksheet time: 2hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which astronomer of antiquity measured the size of the earth?
a)
Aristarchus
b)
Ptolemy
c)
Copernicus
d)
Eratosthenes
2.
Which astronomer of antiquity made elaborate models of an earth-centered universe?
a)
Copernicus
b)
Aristarchus
c)
Ptolemy
d)
Tycho Brahe
3.
Which astronomer of antiquity first applied a telescope to astronomical observation?
a)
Ptolemy
b)
Galileo Galilei
c)
Tycho Brahe
d)
Copernicus
4.
Ancient Greeks believed, the earth to be the centr of the universe. What do we call this model?
a)
Ptolemic System
b)
Geocentric Universe
c)
Heliocentric Universe
d)
Copernican Model
5.
Ancient astronomers used 'epicycles' to explain...?
a)
Retrograde Motion
b)
Constellation Movement
c)
Moon's Phases
d)
Planetary Transits
6.
Astronomer Johannes Kepler...
a)
Published Almagest
b)
Invented the first Radio Telescope
c)
Suggested elliptical orbits for the planets
d)
Was made head astronomer for the Church
7.
Tycho Brahe's biggest contribution to astronomy was...?
a)
Accurate Observations of the stars and planets
b)
His telescopic observations
c)
Heliocentric Universe
d)
His Silver Nose
8.
Examine the Diagram of the Solar System below. Which of the following astronomers held and promoted this view of the solar system? 
a)
Aristarchus
b)
Ptolemy & Tycho Brahe
c)
Copernicus
d)
Johannes Kepler & Tycho Brahe
9.
Which of the following words shows the similarity between Aristarchus and Copernicus?
a)
Geocentric
b)
Heliocentric
c)
Retrograde
d)
Epicycle
10.

The German scientist Johannes Kepler is known for ....

a)

using a telescope for enhanced observations

b)

the Law of Gravitation

c)

3 Laws of Motion

d)

3 Laws of Planetary Motion

11.

Why do we see phases of the moon during a month?

a)

We see only the lit part of the moon as it moves around Earth

b)

Parts of the moon are always in shadow

c)

Eclipses of the moon occur nightly

d)

The moon is smaller when it is farther from us.

12.

The Greek, Eratosthenes, estimated the circumference of the Earth using......

a)

calculus

b)

the declination of the north star

c)

gps satellites

d)

the angles of shadows at the equinox

13.

Seasons, phases of the Moon, and the rising and setting of the sun are _________ that are seen in the sky.

a)

stars

b)

constellations

c)

Zodiac symbols

d)

patterns

14.

 Day and night are caused by...

a)

The sun rotating around the Earth.

b)

The Earth rotating on its axis.

c)

The sun rotating on its axis.

d)

The sun rising and setting every day

15.

The movement of the Earth around the Sun is called its _____

a)

revolution

b)

rotation

c)

precession

d)

regression

16.

the spinning of a celestial body, such as a planet, around an axis

a)

Rotation

b)

Revolution

c)

Orbit

d)

Gravity

17.

The tilt of the earth is what gives us the ___

a)

Oceans

b)

Months

c)

Seasons

d)

Date

18.
During an ________, the length of nighttime and daytime are about the same because neither hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.
a)
equinox
b)
solstice
c)
earthquake
d)
solar eclipse
19.
What do June 21 and December 21 have in common?
a)
equinox dates
b)
the moon is full
c)
solstice dates
d)
the cold fronts blow in
20.
The phase of the Moon occurring when it passes between the Earth and the Sun.
a)
full moon
b)
new moon
c)
first quarter
d)
third quarter
21.
Name the moon phase
a)
First Quarter
b)
Last Quarter
c)
New Moon
d)
Full Moon
22.
Name the moon phase
a)
First Quarter
b)
Last Quarter
c)
New Moon
d)
Full Moon
23.
Name the moon phase
a)
First Quarter
b)
Last Quarter
c)
New Moon
d)
Full Moon
24.
Name the moon phase
a)
waning crescent
b)
waxing crescent
c)
waning gibbous
d)
waxing gibbous
25.
Name the moon phase
a)
waning crescent
b)
waxing crescent
c)
waning gibbous
d)
waxing gibbous
26.
Name the moon phase
a)
waning crescent
b)
waxing crescent
c)
waning gibbous
d)
waxing gibbous
27.
Which astronomer created laws of gravity and motion? 
a)
Kepler
b)
Copernicus
c)
Brahe 
d)
Newton
28.
The order of the planets is:
a)
Mars,Venus,Earth,
Mercury,Saturn
Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune
b)
Earth,Venus,Mars
Jupiter, Neptune,
Mercury,Saturn,
Uranus
c)
Mercury,Venus,Earth
Mars,Jupiter,
Saturn,Uranus
Neptune
29.
Which planet is the largest?
a)
Jupiter
b)
Saturn
c)
Uranus
d)
Neptune
30.

What are asteroids?

a)

small pieces of stars

b)

small planets

c)

large metallic rocks that orbit the sun

d)

icy stars that orbit the sun

31.

What is a comet made of?

a)

rock, dust, and ices

b)

ice and water

c)

rock and dust

d)

dust and ions

32.

Where is the asteroid belt located?

a)

between Mars and Jupiter

b)

between Neptune and the Kuiper Belt

c)

between the sun and the Earth

d)

between the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud

33.

One similarity between asteroids, comets and meteoroids is that they all:

a)

are made of rock

b)

come from the Asteroid Belt

c)

come from the Oort Cloud

d)

orbit the sun

34.

The sun is in the ________________________ of our solar system.

a)

outside

b)

center

c)

circle

d)

moon

35.

All matter and space that exists is called the

a)

galaxy

b)

planetary system

c)

universe

36.

A cluster of stars, dust, gas and matter is a

a)

galxay

b)

planetary system

c)

universe

37.

Planets orbit around a star (like the Sun), because of gravity is called

a)

galaxy

b)

planetary sytem

c)

universe

38.

What is the name of the scientific theory that explains how the universe was created?

a)

The Balloon Theory

b)

The Big Bang Theory

c)

The Small Bang Theory

39.

A bright, shiny sphere of plasma (very hot gas) is called

a)

moons

b)

stars

c)

planets

40.

A round and massive object that orbits around a star. They can be made of rocks, gasses, or gas and ice.

a)

moons

b)

stars

c)

planets

41.

An object that orbits a planet is called a

a)

moon

b)

sun

c)

planet

42.

Our solar system formed from

a)

an exploded star

b)

a cloud of gas and dust

c)

a black hole

43.

What force helped with the formation of the sun and planets?

a)

Electricty

b)

Magnets

c)

Gravity

44.

Only Earth has a moon

a)

true

b)

false

45.

Stars can be classified by

a)

all of these

b)

color

c)

size

d)

luminosity

46.

What was the first element present in our universe?

a)

boron

b)

hydrogen

c)

oxygen

47.

What process provides the energy for stars?

a)

gravity

b)

radioactive decay

c)

fusion

48.

Another name for a shooting star

a)

meteor

b)

miter

c)

mixer

49.
The sky is divided into ____ constellations.
a)
11
b)
22
c)
44
d)
88
50.
Polaris always points
a)
East 
b)
West
c)
North
d)
South
51.

What constellation is this? (hint: this constellation also contains the North Star)

a)

Draco

b)

Ursa Minor

c)

Corona Borealis

d)

Cepheus

52.
A constellation is a group of visible ____ that form a pattern when viewed from Earth.  
a)
planets
b)
stars
c)
patterns
d)
creatures
53.
As the earth rotates on its axis, the constellations and stars in them appear to _________.  
a)
move across the sky
b)
stand still in the sky
c)
move around each other
d)
rotate
54.
 At the equator, the stars rise in the ___ and set in the ___.
a)
north, south
b)
east, east
c)
east, west
d)
north, east
55.

People in the Northern Hemisphere see the same constellations as the people in the Southern Hemisphere.

a)

True

b)

False

56.
Ursa Major is also called “Great Bear” and is one of the largest constellations.  
a)
True
b)
False
57.
Why do other stars appear so much smaller than the sun?
a)
They are much smaller
b)
They are so far away
c)
They are not as bright
d)
They are dwarf stars
58.

A notable usefulness of constellations (check all that apply)

a)

as a cute picture in your windows

b)

as a calendar to assist in when to plant and harvest crops

c)

to guide travelers and provide direction

d)

as evidence of life in the universe

59.

What is the final stage of a low mass star?

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Black Hole

c)

Red Giant

d)

Neutron Star

60.

What is the final stage of a high mass star?

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Black Hole

c)

Red Giant

d)

Neutron Star

61.

What is the final stage of a very high mass star?

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Black Hole

c)

Red Giant

d)

Neutron Star

62.

Which stage of life is the sun currently in?

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Planetary Nebula

c)

Main Sequence

d)

Red Giant

63.

A stellar nebula will eventually condense into a hot ball of mostly hydrogen called a __________. At this point, nuclear fusion has not yet started but it will soon.

a)

Protostar

b)

White Dwarf

c)

Brown Dwarf

d)

Main Sequence

64.

In a low-medium mass star, at the end of the red giant stage, the red giant's atmosphere expands outward to create a...

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Planetary Nebula

c)

Supernova

d)

Neutron Star

65.

In a low-medium mass star, after the end of the red giant phase, a hot inner core of the star is left over. This core is a called a __________. There is no longer nuclear fusion happening at this stage.

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Planetary Nebula

c)

Supernova

d)

Neutron Star

66.

In a high mass star, at the end of the red giant phase, the gravity causes the star to rapidly collapse. This collapse causes a massive explosion called a __________

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Planetary Nebula

c)

Supernova

d)

Neutron Star

67.

In a very high mass star, a supernova triggers the formation of a __________ which has a gravitational pull so strong that even light cannot escape.

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Neutron Star

c)

Stellar Nebula

d)

Black Hole

68.

Which elements are found in a main sequence star?

a)

Hydrogen (H)

b)

Helium (He)

c)

Carbon (C)

d)

Oxygen (O)

69.

Which is one of the heaviest element found in a red giant star?

a)

Nitrogen (N)

b)

Iron (Fe)

c)

Sulfur (S)

d)

Magnesium (Mg)

70.

A stellar nebula is made up of...

a)

clouds of gas

b)

clouds of gas and dust

c)

stars

d)

planets

71.
What is the correct order for the life cycle of our star the sun?
a)
nebula, fusion stage, red giant, black dwarf, white dwarf,
b)
nebula, fusion stage, red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf
c)
nebula, fusion stage, super red giant, black dwarf, white dwarf,
d)
nebula, fusion stage, red giant, super nova, black hole
72.
Which section of the spectrum is the ONLY one we can see?
a)
X-rays
b)
Visible Light
c)
Gamma Rays
d)
Ultraviolet Rays
73.
In general, planets that have a greater number of craters on their surface are:
a)
younger.
b)
bigger.
c)
older.
d)
more dense.
74.
One major difference between the Earth and the Moon is:
a)
the Earth does not have an atmosphere.
b)
The Earth is much smaller than the Moon.
c)
The Moon is much older than the Earth.
d)
The Moon does not have plate tectonics.
75.
Based on current scientific evidence, how old is the Earth?
a)
6,000 years old
b)
460 million years old
c)
4.6 billion years old
d)
46 billion years old
76.
Smaller particles collecting together into larger and larger objects is called . . .
a)
accretion
b)
contraction
c)
explosion
d)
rotation
77.
The Nebular Theory is:
a)
A theory on how the Milky Way galaxy was formed
b)
A theory on how the universe was formed
c)
A theory on how the solar system will be destroyed
d)
A theory on how the solar system was formed
78.

Before Earth cooled, volcanoes were

a)

active on Earth's surface

b)

inactive on Earth's surface

c)

did not exist on Earth's surface

d)

being created on Earth's surface

79.

Evidence shows that interstellar bodies are moving away from Earth, some faster than others, which BEST suggests that the universe

a)

is shrinking.

b)

is expanding.

c)

was not formed by a big bang.

d)

has always been the same size.

80.

Over time, scientists have changed their model of our solar system. It has transitioned from

a)

a Sun-centered to a Moon-centered model.

b)

a Moon-centered to an Earth-centered model.

c)

an Earth-centered to a Sun-centered model.

d)

a Sun-centered to an Earth-centered model.

81.

The outer most layer of the Earth is the...

a)

Inner Core

b)

Outer Core

c)

Mantle

d)

Crust

82.

What spiral galaxy do we live in?

a)

Andromeda Galaxy

b)

The Galactic Republic

c)

Milky Way Galaxy

d)

Snickers Galaxy

83.
A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other is called
a)
Divergent Boundary
b)
Convergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Subduction
84.
A Plate Boundary where two plates move toward each other is called
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Subduction
85.
Divergent Plate movement can create
a)
Convection Currents
b)
Conduction
c)
Mountains
d)
Rifts and ocean ridges
86.

Formed where two sections of Earth’s crust are colliding

a)

Divergent-

b)

Convergent-

c)

Transform-

87.

The movement of the tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth.

b)

convection currents in the Asthenosphere

c)

the gravity of the iron-nickel core.

d)

the Moho discontinuity.

88.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _______

a)

convection.

b)

continental drift.

c)

subduction.

d)

conduction.

89.
What are the two types of crust
a)
continental and oceanic
b)
ocean and upper
c)
lower and upper
d)
pizza and subway
90.

What is common at convergent boundaries?

a)

Valleys

b)

Canyons

c)

Mountains

d)

Rivers

91.

What happens often at transform boundaries?

a)

Rain

b)

Hurricanes

c)

Volcanic activity

d)

Earthquakes

92.

In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

a)

along the edges of all the continents.

b)

along mid-ocean ridges.

c)

in deep-ocean trenches.

d)

at the north and south poles.

93.

Process by which a more dense plate is forced underneath another when they collide. (Produces a trench, volcanoes, deep/thrust earthquakes, and tsunamis.)

a)

Seafloor Spreading

b)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

c)

Divergence

d)

Subduction

94.

In the middle of this diagram, the mantle convection will form a

a)

volcanic island arc

b)

mid-ocean ridge

c)

trench

d)

tsunami

95.

Which layer is the HOTTEST?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

96.

Which layer is broken up into large sections called tectonic plates?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

97.

Which is the widest layer of the Earth?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

98.

Which type of CRUST is more dense?

a)

Oceanic Crust

b)

Continental Crust

99.

Which type of crust is thicker?

a)

Oceanic crust

b)

Continental crust

100.

Which sections make up the Lithosphere?

a)

Oceanic Crust

b)

Continental Crust

c)

Upper Mantle

d)

Lower Mantle

101.

The asthenosphere sits directly below which layer?

a)

Crust

b)

Lithosphere

c)

Mantle

d)

Outer Core

102.

Which STATE is the inner core?

a)

Solid

b)

Semi-molten

c)

Liquid

d)

Gas

103.

Which state is the UPPER part of the Mantle?

a)

Solid

b)

Semi-molten

c)

Liquid

d)

Gas

104.

WHich is the innermost layer of the Earth?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

105.

Which is the correct order of the Earth's layers?

Outer most layer first.

a)

Crust, Outer Core, Mantle, Inner Core

b)

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

c)

Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Crust

106.

As you move deeper into the Earth's core, the temperature is:

a)

cooler

b)

hotter

107.

The Earth's crust is made of ______________ that "float" on top of the __________.


Fill in the blanks.

a)

mantle, cups

b)

plates, mantle

c)

mantle, inner core

108.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?

a)

Solid

b)

Inorganic

c)

Hardness

d)

Formed in Nature

109.

Which of the following would be the best description of the mineral property called luster?

a)

A minerals resistance to being scratched.

b)

The color a mineral gives off.

c)

How a mineral reflects light.

d)

Observing the color of the powder left behind when scraping across a surface.

110.

The atoms within a mineral are arranged in an orderly, repeating three-dimensional pattern. Which of the characteristics of minerals does this statement describe?

a)

Solid          

b)

Inorganic

c)

Crystal Structure

d)

Made In Nature

111.

My teacher mentioned that in order for a substance to be a mineral, it has to be _____ or nonliving.

a)

Inorganic   

b)

Organic

c)

Mixture

d)

Liquid

112.

In the lab, a student wants to identify two different minerals. So, she takes them and scrapes them across a plate to see the color of the powder they leave behind. What property of minerals is she testing?

a)

Color   

b)

Hardness

c)

Luster

d)

Streak

113.

A measure of a mineral's resistance to scratching. This is measured by scratching it against another substance of known hardness on the Mohs Hardness Scale.

a)

Color     

b)

Hardness

c)

Luster

d)

Streak

114.

Which statement is the best example of the mineral property of cleavage?  

a)

The mineral broke and had jagged edges.     

b)

The mineral broke and had flat edges.

c)

  Minerals never break

d)

All are correct

115.
A mineral is a _______________, naturally occuring solid that has its own regular arrangement of particles in it.
a)
Living
b)
Nonliving
c)
Rock
d)
Small
116.
What properties are used to identify minerals?
a)
Hardness, Luster, Color, Streak, Shape, Magnetism
b)
Diamond, Crystal, Topaz, Quartz, Apatite, Calcite
c)
Hardness, Luster, Color, Topaz, Talc, Fluorite
117.
How a mineral splits apart when it does not break evenly:
a)
streak
b)
hardness
c)
cleavage
d)
fracture
118.
A ranking of a minerals from softest to hardest
a)
streak test
b)
luster test
c)
Mohs hardness scale
d)
fracture
119.
Minerals are the building blocks of _____________.
a)
elements
b)
atoms
c)
fossils
d)
rocks
120.

Calcite can scratch -

a)

Apatite

b)

Fluorite

c)

Talc

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