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Energy & Cycles Review

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 1hrs 14mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
sunlight
c)
water
d)
carbon
2.

An organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(n):

a)

heterotroph

b)

consumer

c)

detritivore

d)

autotroph

3.

What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy between members of a biological community?

a)

energy path

b)

food web

c)

trophic level

d)

food section

4.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
5.

Only ____ of organism energy is passed on to the next trophic level of an ecosystem as you move up the energy pyramid.

a)

10%

b)

1%

c)

100%

d)

20%

e)

90%

6.

Organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms are:

a)

consumers

b)

trophic level

c)

saprotrophs

d)

producers

7.

What are the products/outputs of photosynthesis?

a)

water and carbon dioxide

b)

oxygen and glucose

c)

oxygen and carbon dioxide

d)

oxygen and water

8.
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon dioxide
9.

Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

a)

CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar

b)

CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light

c)

O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + Sugar

d)

CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ Sugar

10.

Excess Carbon Dioxide seeps into the ocean and is causing a drop in pH. Which chemical is being created that is causing the pH drop?

a)

hydrochloric acid

b)

nitric acid

c)

carbonic acid

d)

sulfuric acid

11.

The process that occurs when concentrations of a harmful substance increases in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web:

a)

Bioremediation

b)

Predation

c)

Biomagnification

d)

Accumulation

12.

Eutrophication is caused by:

a)

a severe drop in the temperature of the water

b)

excess clay particles in the water column

c)

excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus

d)

an oil spill that concentrates on the ocean surface

13.

How can an algal bloom (eutrophication) lead to a decrease in dissolved oxygen?

a)

Algae is a heterotroph and consumes more oxygen than it produces.

b)

Decreased temperature limits photosynthesis below the surface.

c)

Bacteria consume oxygen as they decompose dead algae and other organisms.

d)

Decomposers that would have produced oxygen are killed by algae.

14.

The two critical nutrients in eutrophication are... (select two)

a)

nitrates

b)

phosphates

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

dissolved oxygen

15.

Only a small fraction of the water on Earth is fresh water.

Where is MOST of the fresh water on Earth located?

a)

in underground aquifers

b)

in polar ice caps/glaciers

c)

lakes and rivers

d)

the atmosphere

16.

Which of the following toxins tends to bioaccumulate in the tissue of fish and other aquatic organisms (toxin affects the nervous system)?

a)

Boron

b)

Mercury

c)

Triphosphate

d)

Asbestos

17.
___________________ washes agricultural wastes, including animal wastes, fertilizers, and pesticides, into bodies of water, causing algae to grow.
a)
Runoff
b)
Peak flow
c)
Groundwater
d)
Municipal sewage
18.

Which choice contains correct items that can increase nitrate or phosphate levels in a lake?

a)

Nuclear (radioactive) waste

b)

Coal dust and ash

c)

Sodium and chloride chemicals

d)

Fertilizers and laundry detergents

19.

What type of consumer is the shrew?

a)

herbivore

b)

omnivore

c)

carnivore

d)

detritivore

20.
According to this food web, how many consumers are herbivores?
a)
2
b)
1
c)
4
d)
5
21.

Which one is NOT an example of a decomposer?

a)

mushroom

b)

shrimp

c)

mold

d)

bacteria

22.

The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?

a)

They point to the organism that is being eaten (from the predator to the prey item)

b)

It shows how sunlight flows within each level of the ecosystem

c)

They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. (from prey to predator)

d)

They represent how water molecules are transferred within a habitat.

23.
What is an organism that breaks down & absorbs dead matter so nutrition can be recycled into the soil?
a)
Consumer
b)
Decomposer
c)
Producers
d)
Scavenger
24.

When an organism's energy source comes from both animals and plants, that organism is considered to be a:

a)
predator
b)
omnivore
c)
herbivore
d)
carnivore
25.

Which organism receives the least amount of energy from the producer?

a)
Owl
b)
Grasshopper
c)
Lilypad
d)
Mouse
26.
The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain members of the plant kingdom?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
27.

Both ______ and ______ DECREASE as you move up the energy pyramid in an ecosystem.

a)

Sunlight; Nitrates

b)

Energy; Biomass

c)

Biomass; Predation

d)

Heat; Photosynthesis

28.
This diagram shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.
a)
Energy Pyramid
b)
Food Web
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Food Chain
29.

Which of these shows a possible food chain for an ecosystem?

a)

shark--> fish --> plankton -->sun

b)

sun --> plankton --> fish --> shark

c)

plankton --> sun --> fish --> shark

d)

plankton --> fish --> shark --> sun

30.
A food chain is?
a)
Overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.
b)
The amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.
c)
A series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.
d)

Both the biotic and abiotic factors in an area of an ecosystem

31.

Grass is considered to be a:

a)

consumer

b)

producer

c)

decomposer

d)

saprotroph

32.
Name the tertiary consumer?
a)
snake
b)
fungi
c)
hawk
d)
mouse
33.
An energy pyramid represents what?
a)
How much sunlight is available for the ecosystem to use. 
b)
How much energy a particular organism needs. 
c)
How much energy is needed to build a pyramid. 
d)
The amount of energy available to the next 'feeder' in a food web.
34.

Animal that gets its energy and nutrition from eating plants.

a)

Parasite

b)

Herbivore

c)

Carnivore

d)

Ominvore

35.

Animal that gets its energy and nutrition from eating meat.

a)

Detritivore

b)

Ominvore

c)

Carnivore

d)

Herbivore

36.

Organisms that must consume other organisms to acquire energy are called:

a)

Heterotrophs

b)

Autotrophs

c)

Decomposers

d)

Detritivores

37.
Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?
a)
There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
b)
There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
c)
There would be a decrease in the mice population.
d)
There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.
38.

Photochemical smog and acid rain are both heavily associated with the ________ cycle.

a)

Carbon

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Photic

39.
Which is NOT a process of the water cycle?
a)
precipitation
b)
freezing
c)
transpiration
d)
evaporation
40.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
41.
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
a)

hydrogen (H2)

b)

oxygen (O2)

c)
helium
d)

nitrogen (N2)

42.

Which cycle are fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) part of?

a)

carbon

b)

water

c)

nitrogen

d)

phosphorus

43.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
44.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle.
45.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
46.
Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
a)
humans.
b)
plants.
c)
bacteria.
d)
consumers.
47.

These gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere causing a rise in global temperatures:

a)
Global warming gases
b)
Hot House gases
c)
Green House gases
d)
Thermal pollution
48.

A Cactus has 4520 kcal of energy it acquired from photosynthesis. Based on the food chain in the photo, how much energy will the hawk gain?

a)

4520 kcal

b)

452 kcal

c)

45.2 kcal

d)

4.52 kcal

e)

0.452 kcal

49.

True or False: Much energy is lost at each stage of a food chain through an organism's body heat.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Which of these nitrogen cycle processes converts atmospheric nitrogen to a soil form of nitrogen that is usable by plants?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

51.

TRUE or FALSE: Plants and animals cannot use nitrogen directly from the air.

a)
True
b)
False
52.

The amount of nutrient moving from one part of the environment to another in a period of time is called the:

a)

Reservoir switch

b)

Exchange pool

c)

Transfer Rate

d)

Cycle Sink

53.

What process converts Nitrates (NO3) back into Nitrogen gas (N2)?

a)

Assimilation

b)

Nitrification

c)

Ammonification

d)

Denitrification

54.

How is nitrogen "fixed" into a usable form for plants?

a)

Through action of bacteria only

b)

Through lightning only

c)

Through action of bacteria and lightning

d)

Through photosynthesis

55.

The biological transformation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrites and nitrates.

a)

ammonification

b)

denitrification

c)

nitrification

d)

nitrogen fixation

56.

Beside Carbon Dioxide, what other gas is a greenhouse gas?

a)

water vapor

b)

nitrgoen gas

c)

carbon gas

d)

glucose

57.
Which of the following statements is true of the phosphorus cycle?
a)
Phosphorus enters the atmosphere as phosphates.
b)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes the processes of erosion, and weathering.
c)
Phosphates are used in carbohydrate and glucose storage.
d)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes bacteria to breakdown phosphates and make them available for plants.
58.

Which of the following contributes to the formation of Photochemical Smog?

a)

Carbonic Acid

b)

Phosphates

c)

PCBs

d)

Nitrous oxide

59.

What is the process that occurs when water vapor is cooled and changes from a gas to a liquid?

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

transpiration

d)

precipitation

60.

What process is happening step A?

a)

transpiration

b)

evaporation

c)

condensation

d)

accumulation

61.

What is an aquifer?

a)

An underground area of rock and soil that is soaked with water.

b)

A freshwater source that is frozen year round.

c)

A river that runs through a mountain.

d)

An open area where glaciers melt.

62.

What is another name for the water cycle?

a)

high quality H2O

b)

watershed

c)

hydrosphere

d)

hydrologic cycle

63.

What percentage of the Earth's water is saltwater, and cannot be used by people?

a)

99%

b)

97%

c)

71%

d)

3%

64.

The upper level of the groundwater is called?

a)

water table

b)

groundwater

c)

aquifer

d)

reservoir

65.

Match each process to the correct location:

a)

Transpiration

b)

Surface Runoff

c)

Condensation

d)

Evaporation

e)

Groundwater

f)

Precipitation

1
2
3
4
5
6
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

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