WorksheetsEcology Chapter 2
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 40mins
what is the difference between climate and weather
typical atmospheric conditions that occur throughout the year, measured over many years
(a)
variation in temperature and precipitation over periods of hours and days
(a)
What is the greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect is the process of solar radiation, and being absorbed and re-emitted by atmospheric gases
there is (a) heating of earth by the sun
The albedo effect: what is Albedo?
The fraction of solar energy reflected by an object
Seasonal variation in climate results from:
which hemisphere receives more solar energy between March-September
-longer days
(a)
The unequal heating of the earth drives _____ _____ in the atmosphere
air currents
What do atmospheric currents do
Circulate air between the surface of the Earth and the atmosphere
What is the limit of the amount of water vapor that the air can contain
Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
The area where two Hadley cells converge and cause large amounts of precipitation
What are polar cells
A type of atmospheric convection currents that move air between 60 and 90 degree latitudes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres
areas of lacking atmospheric currents lacking patterns
(a)
Heating and cooling-altitude: Air is _____ dense near the earths surface and ____ dense at higher elevation (air temp. is cooler)
more; less
less; more
tighter; looser
this is due to reduced pressure on air as it rises higher and expands
adiabatic cooling
this is due to increased pressure on air as it sinks and decreases in volume
adiabatic heating
what is latent heat release
When water vapor is converted back to liquid, water, releases energy on the form of heat
large scale water circulation pattern between continents
Gyre
what is upwelling?
An upward movement of ocean water
Surface currents move away from the coastline; cold water ocean depths is drawn upward
interannual variations are interactions between _____ and _____ circulation
what interannual variation is this:
-stronger versions of normal conditions
- easterly strong winds
-warm and wet in Asia
What interannual variation is this:
- changes in winds and ocean currents = changes throughout much of the world
- weak easterly winds
- reduced upswelling
- wet and warm in south america
- dry in australia and asia
what is thermohaline circulation
Global pattern of surface and deep water currents that flow due to variations in temperature and salinity that change the density of the water
Ocean current influenced by the Earth's magnetic field that change the density of the water
Circulation caused by lunar gravitational pull that change the density of the water
Local circulation driven by wind patterns that change the density of the water
A region with dry conditions found on the leeward side of a mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean, causing precipitation on the windward side
Coastal and continental influences: proximity to coasts
Interior has less precipitation, and there is less variation in costal climates
Interior has more precipitation, and less variation in coastal climates
Interior has less precipitation, and more variation in coastal climates
A geographic region containing communities composed of organisms with similar adaptations
(a)
terrestrial biomes are categorized by.....
major plant growth forms
What describes convergent evolution?
Unrelated or distantly related organisms evolving similar traits/selective pressures
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: the coldest biome characterized by a treeless expanse above permanently frozen soil
- permafrost is prevalent- contains a lot of things from the past
(a)
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: a biome densely populated by evergreen needle-leaved trees, with a short growing season and severe winters. also known as taiga
- low evaporation
- moist soil
- organic material
(a)
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: a biome known for mild temperatures and abundant precipitation, dominated by evergreen forests
- due to nearby warm ocean currents
- mild, rainy winters
- fewer species than tropical
(a)
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: a biome with moderate temperature and precipitation conditions, dominated by deciduous trees
- cold winter temps.
- more fluctuations than temperate rain forest (less moderating ocean effect)
(a)
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: a hot biome characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, a combination that favors the growth of drought-tolerant grasses and shrubs
- also called Mediterranean climate, matorral, maquis, and chaparral
(a)
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: a biome characterized by hot, dry summers and cold, harsh winters and dominated by grasses, nonwoody flowering plants, and drought-adapted shrubs
- lack of rain in summer
- cold temps. in winter
- also called steppes, prairies, and pampas
- frequent fires
- can transition into cold deserts
(a)
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: a warm and rainy biome characterized by multiple layers of lush vegetation
- frequently fall within the ITCZ
- rapid nutrient cycling
(a)
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: a biome with warm temperatures and pronounced wet and dry seasons dominated by deciduous trees that shed their leaves during the dry season
- pronounced wet/dry seasons
- also called a tropical deciduous forest
- areas with longer dry periods can transition into savannas
(a)
WHICH BIOME IS THIS: a biome characterized by hot temperatures, scare rainfall, long growing seasons, and sparse vegetation
- shallow soil
- less frost-resistant species
(a)
How are aquatic biomes categorized by
Lotic
narrow channel of fast-flowing fresh water
stream
Wide channel of slow-flowing fresh water
what is a riparian zone
Adjacent land influenced by flooding
inputs from outside (example: leaves)
allochthonous
autochthonous
inputs produced by algae and aquatic plants inside the ecosystem
allochthonous
autochthonous
characterized by nonflowing fresh water with at least some area of water that is too deep for plants to rise above the water's surface
rivers and streams
tidal ecosystem
marine ecosystem
ponds and lakes
what is a littoral zone
The shallow area around the edge of a lake or pond containing rooted vegetation
what is a limnetic zone
The limnetic zone is the open water beyond the littoral zone, where the dominant photosynthetic organisms are floating algae
the area in a lake that is too deep to receive sunlight
benthic zone
profundal zone
the area consisting of the sediments at the bottoms of lakes, ponds, and oceans
what is stratification
The condition of a lake or pond when the warmer, less dense surface water floats on the cooler, denser water below
the surface layer of the water in a lake or pond
the deeper layer of water in a lake or pond
Aquatic biomes that contain standing fresh water, or soils saturated with fresh water for at least part of the year and are shallow enough to have emergent vegetation throughout all depths
Saltwater deserts
Freshwater wetlands
What are estuaries
Coastal areas where freshwater rivers meet and mixes with saltwater from oceans
a saltwater biome that contains nonwoody emergent vegetation
swamp biome
salt marsh
desert biome
tropical rainforest
which describes a mangrove swamp
A biome that occurs along tropical and subtropical coasts and contains salt-tolerant trees with roots submerged in water
a biome consisting of the narrow band of coastline between the levels of high tide and low tide
marine biome found in warm, shallow waters that remain at 20 degrees Celsius year round
what is the open ocean
The part of the ocean that is away from the shoreline and coral reefs
the ocean zone that is beyond the range of the lowest tidal level and extends to depths of about 200m
Neritic zone
the ocean zone beyond the neritic zone
the area of the neritic and oceanic zones that contains sufficient light for photosynthesis by algae
Photic zone
the area of the neritic and oceanic zones where the water is so deep that sunlight cannot penetrate
Oceanic zone
Photic zone
Naphthalic zone
