Skin, mucous membranes, secretions of skin and mucous membranes

phagocytic leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response, fever

lymphocytes, anitbodies, memory cells

which of the following is/are specific defences?

An acquired response to an antigen

Any substance recognized by antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes.

Proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides are all components of

nickel, penicillin, and urushiol are all chemicals that can cause and immune response.

Portion of the antigen that is recognized by the antigen receptor

What cells recognize antigens presented to them?

Which one CANNOT respond to intracellular antigen?

Which lymphocyte has a cellular receptor and can also be free antibodies?

B cell receptors or antibodies can bind to epitopes on free antigen

What is needed in order to show antigen to T cells?

In humans, MHCs are referred to as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex

MHC molecules are encoded by a cluster of closely associated group of genes called the MHC locus.

MHC genes have multiple alternative forms called alleles.

Which one can recognize a broad range of antigen types?

Antigen recognition is limited to short peptides that are produced by antigen processing.

Foreign peptide is bound to a protein in the ER or endosome and then loaded into the MHC that brings it to the cell surface for T cell recognition.

Intracellular degradation of a pathogen's proteins.

Which receptors are ALWAYS bound to the membrane of a cell?

Which serve as antigen receptors ONLY.

Where do T cells develop?

T cell diversity is generated during T cell development PRIOR to antigen binding.

Which part of the TCR binds antigen?

Each V domain on a T cell has how many complementary determining regions?

What from the T cell comes in contact with the peptide antigen presented by MHC?

T cell receptors must associate with 4 invariant membrane proteins to be transported to the cell surface.

The 4 invariant membrane proteins that must associate with TCR for it to be transported to the cell surface are called ____

Transmits signals through the TCR to the cell's interior after the TCR recognizes antigen.

What are the 2 specialized types of effector T cells that recognize specific MHCs?

Which specialized type of effector T cells express CD8?

Which specialized effector T cell expresses CD4?

T cell co-receptors

Which recognizes MHC class II?

Which recognizes MHC class I?

What kind of peptide antigens can T cell receptors recognize?

When extracellular pathogen is engulfed and degraded within macrophages and DCs into small peptide fragments that can be read by a TCR.

Peptides from intracellular pathogens are produced by antigen processing in all infected human cells.

glycoprotein that binds peptide fragments from the pathogen and escort the peptide antigen to the cell surface.

MHC can bind multiple peptides at a time.

For TCR to recognize a peptide antigen, it must be bound to an MHC and displayed on the cell surface

Present antigens from INTRACELLULAR pathogens.

Peptides are degraded in the CYTOSOL and then join with this MHC in the ER to move to the cell surface.

This MHC is recognized by CD8 + cytotoxic T cells

Induce apoptosis of target cells by releasing cytotoxic enzymes form their granules.

Present antigens from EXTRACELLULAR pathogens.

Peptides are degraded in the LYSOSOME and then join with this MHC in endosome and move to cell surface.

Recognized by CD4 + helper T cells

Help macrophages and B cells respond to the infection.

Which one?

Which one?

has 3 extracellular alpha chain domains and 1 alpha chain transmembrane domain.

Contains a beta 2 microglobulin not part of the MHC.

Peptide binding site is made up of alpha 1 and alpha 2

Which domain interacts with CD8 and CTL on the MHC class I molecule?

Only contain genes that encode for alpha domains.

consists of 2 polypeptide chains, one alpha and one beta

Has TWO transmembrane domains made up of alpha 2 and beta 2

What makes up the peptide binding site for MHC class II molecule?

Which MHC class has only one transmembrane domain?

Each class of MHC molecule has a peptide size constraints within its groove.

MHC class I and II molecules can bind a lot of different peptides of varying amino acid sequences

Bind peptides that are 8-10 amino acids in length

Bind peptides 12-25 amino acids in length.

Processes and presents ENDOGENOUS antigen

Processes and presents EXOGENOUS antigens

Antigen specific and MHC restricted

recognition of antigen requires cell to cell contact

Which MHC class is represented here?

Which MHC class is represented here?

Expressed on ALL nucleated cells

Expressed only on antigen presenting cells

B cells are phagocytic.

The diversity of MHC molecules in the human population is due to

Human MHC is called the human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA)

Genes that encode for MHCs

Genes that encode for BCR/antibodies and TCR

Set of genes encoding proteins of similar structure

alternative form of a given gene

Different protein products from different alleles

Human MHC class I & II isotypes have the same function and extent of polymorphism.

Which HLA class I's are highly polymorphic?

Which HLA's are oligomorphic?

May be the most polymorphic genetic complex known.

Due to high MHC polymorphism, if a novel disease should arise, at least part of the population should be able to present antigen and defend themselves against the pathogen.

MHC polymorphism greatly complicates transplantation

TCRs form a complex with ___ to move from endoplasmic reticulum to cell surface .

Only recognizes peptide antigen presented by an MHC molecule requiring cell to cell contact.

Present endogenous peptides to CTL.

Present exogenous peptides to helper T cells.