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Geology exam 1

Total questions: 133

Worksheet time: 5hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Erosion is...
a)
materials begin moved across the Earth's surface by water and wind
b)
materials deposited into a new location as sediment
c)
rocks and other materials being broken down both physically and chemically
2.
What is made up of nickel and iron in the Earth?
a)
core
b)
crust
c)
mantle
d)
atmosphere
3.
When lava cools what does it form?
a)
igneous rock
b)
fossils
c)
sedimentary rock
d)
metamorphic rock
4.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
a)
cooling
b)
erosion
c)
heat and pressure
d)
compacting and cementing
5.
Which layer would be the oldest?
a)
siltstone
b)
sandstone
c)
conglomerate
d)
mudstone
6.
Hot gases and lava flow from...
a)
faults
b)
volcanoes
c)
glaciers
d)
earthquakes
7.
The removal of soil and rock from the Earth's surface is called...
a)
deforestation
b)
sedimentation
c)
weathering
d)
erosion
8.
Deposition is...
a)
using too much fertilizer
b)
materials deposited into a new location as sediment
c)
rocks and materials being broken down
d)
materials being moved by water and wind
9.
Which of these often occur as the Earth's crustal plates move?
a)
earthquakes
b)
floods
c)
tornadoes
d)
hurricanes
10.
Mountains are formed by...
a)
wind slowly building up rocks
b)
erosion
c)
lowering of the sea level
d)
folding and faulting of the Earth's crust
11.
Igneous rock may be broken into tiny pieces and changed into what?
a)
metamorphic rock
b)
sedimentary rock
12.
What is the rock cycle?
a)
model that shows how rocks are changed from one type to another
b)
the process of minerals changing and transforming
13.
Where are earthquakes and volcanoes likely to occur?
a)
anywhere
b)
at boundary plates (fault lines)
c)
on mountains
14.
What type of event will occur at this boundary?
a)
Earthquake
b)
Volcano Eruption
c)
Tornado
d)
Mountain Building
15.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Transform
b)
Convergent
c)
Divergent
d)
Plate
16.
The movement of rocks and weathered materials is called_________.
a)
Chemistry
b)
Physical
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
17.
What is the MAIN way rocks are classified?
a)
Their color and shapes
b)
How they form
c)
Mineral bands
d)
Where they form
18.
This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
19.
This rock is made from tiny pieces of other rocks that settled to the bottom of a valley millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
20.
After lots of time, pressure, and heat, you get this kind of rock. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
21.
What is molten rock that has formed deep within the Earth?
a)
Hot Spot
b)
Magma
c)
Lava
d)
Volcano
22.
What are the three types of rocks?
a)
sedimentary, organic, & metamorphic
b)
sedimentary, igneous, & erosion
c)
igneous, weathering, & magma
d)
sedimentary, igneous, & metamorphic
23.

The movement of tectonic plates is due to ____?

a)

convection currents in the mantle

b)

seafloor spreading

24.

What is true about the Earth's plates?

a)

The are made of solid rock that can never be seen.

b)

They are made of solid rock that can be seen if not covered by soil, rock, or water.

25.

As plates pull apart, what happens?

a)

Loose rock material fills the empty space.

b)

New plate material fills the empty space so there is no space left.

26.

What is true about the Earth's plates?

a)

They are separated by oceans.

b)

They fit closely together with each plate touching all the others.

27.

What happens when continental plates press together?

a)

The edges of the plates will push upward and continue to move toward each other.

b)

The edges of the plates will be pushed downward and continue to move toward each other.

28.

Two of Earth's plates pressed together for millions of years. What happened?

a)

The oceanic plate was pushed downward

b)

The continental plate was pushed downward.

29.

What kind of diagram would show how three of the Earth's plates fit together?

a)

They would be next to each other and have a space between them.

b)

They would be next to each other and have no space between them.

30.

What is true about the layer (lower mantle) below the Earth's plates?

a)

It is solid rock.

b)

It is slightly softened rock like clay.

31.

Catastrophism:

a)

The planet was formed by five global disasters right after each other

b)

The planet was formed by six global disasters over a series of 100 years

c)

The planet was formed by six global disasters right after each other

d)

The planet was formed by five global disasters over a series of 100 years

32.

Definition of theory:

a)
A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation.
b)
A belief that is not supported by evidence
c)

an idea that has a lot of data from a lot of people over a long period of time

d)
An untested and unconfirmed explanation
33.

Definition of Law:

a)
A system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.
b)
A form of entertainment
c)

So much evidence backing it up that it is essentially true.

d)
A type of food
34.

Principle of uniformitarianism

a)

Natural processes that happen on Earth today have always occurred that way

b)

James Hutton, Theory of the Earth

c)

James Peirce,

Theory of natural processes

d)

Processes occur the same way because of human corruption

35.

Actualism definition

a)
The theory that both actual and non-actual possibilities exist simultaneously
b)
The idea that only imaginary things exist and that reality is an illusion
c)
The belief that everything is predetermined and unchangeable
d)

Uniformitarianism is fine but it is okay for natural processes to speed up or slow down

36.

Billion years ago =

(a)  

37.

Million years ago =

(a)  

38.

Thousand years ago =

(a)  

39.

Before 6 Ga:

a)

Nothing

b)

No solar system, just a nebula of H atoms

c)

A cloud of helium atoms

d)
Precambrian Eon
40.

Nebular Hypothesis: Gravity

a)

Step A; attraction to the center

b)

Step B; pulled so much H into the middle, it goes flat and starts to rotate

c)

Step C; early version of a start and temp is rising millions of degrees

d)

Step D; atoms start to bond together due to high temps (requires a lot of energy)

41.

Nebular Hypothesis: Solar disk Model

a)

Step C; early version of a start and temp is rising millions of degrees

b)

Step B; pulled so much H into the middle, it goes flat and starts to rotate

c)

Step D; atoms start to bond together due to high temps (requires a lot of energy)

d)

Step E; they strike each other and the mass sticks together

42.

Nebular Hypothesis: Protostar

a)

Step E; they strike each other and the mass sticks together

b)

Step C; early version of a start and temp is rising millions of degrees

c)

Step A; attraction to the center

d)

Step B; pulled so much H into the middle, it goes flat and starts to rotate

43.

Nebular Hypothesis: Fusion

a)

Step A; attraction to the center

b)

Step B; pulled so much H into the middle, it goes flat and starts to rotate

c)

Step E; they strike each other and the mass sticks together

d)

Step D; atoms start to bond together due to high temps (requires a lot of energy)

44.

Nebular Hypothesis: Planetary accretion

a)

Step C; early version of a start and temp is rising millions of degrees

b)

Step D; atoms start to bond together due to high temps (requires a lot of energy)

c)

Step A; attraction to the center

d)

Step E; they strike each other and the mass sticks together

45.

Theia impact aftermath

a)
Formation of the Moon
b)

Molten planet

c)

Density stratification

d)

Eruption of Mount Vesuvius

e)

Creation of mammals

46.

What is the thinnest layer of the Earth?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

47.

What is the thickest layer of the Earth?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

48.

Which layer of the Earth is a dense solid ball of Iron and Nickle?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

49.

Which layer of the Earth is liquid Iron and Nickle?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

50.

What layer of the Earth is represented by the letter A?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

51.

What layer of the Earth is represented by the letter B?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

52.

What layer of the Earth is represented by the letter C?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

53.

What layer of the Earth is represented by the letter D?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

54.

The layers of Earth are in the order they are in because:

a)

It keeps us safe

b)

It holds the Earth together

c)

Its pretty

d)

The different layers have different densities

55.
Which layer of Earth is made up of tectonic plates?
a)
outer core
b)
inner core
c)
asthenosphere
d)
lithosphere
56.
Which layer(s) of the Earth make up the asthenosphere?
a)
Part of the mantle
b)
Crust, mantle, Core
c)
Crust and upper mantle
d)
Only the crust
57.

The lithosphere combines what two layers?

a)

Athenosphere & Crust

b)

Crust & Upper Mantle

c)

Mantel & Asthenosphere

58.
The asthenosphere makes up the?
a)
Upper portion of the mantel
b)
The lower portion of the crust
c)
Just the Athenosphere
59.

Which layer of the Earth is in a liquid state of matter?

a)

Crust

b)

Inner Core

c)

Mantle

d)

Outer Core

60.

Which is the best description of the characteristics of the asthenosphere?

a)

Solid, but flowing

b)

Liquid, but dense

c)

Hot, but solid metal

d)

Brittle, but shifting

61.

The lithosphere is composed of rock that can be described as being...

a)

liquid.

b)

solid.

c)

dense.

d)

flowing.

62.

Sea-floor spreading occurs at mid-ocean ridges.

a)

True

b)

False

63.

The pattern of magnetic stripes in rocks on either side of the mid-ocean ridge is the same.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

the farther from a mid-ocean ridge a rock sample is taken, the younger the rock is.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

What is continental drift?

a)

Made of igneous rock

b)

Where two plates collide

c)

Theory that all of earths continents were once joined together in a singe, huge land mass and then started drifting away from each other.

d)

The process by which new oceanic crust forms when when magma rises up.

66.

What are divergent Plate Boundaries?

a)

Where two plates divide

b)

Where two plates collide

c)

Where two plates slide

67.

What are Convergent Plate Boundaries?

a)

Where two plates divide

b)

Where two plates collide

c)

Where two plates slide

68.

What are Transform Plate Boundaries?

a)

Where two plates divide

b)

Where two plates collide

c)

Where two plates slide

69.

What is seafloor spreading?

a)

Large pieces of lithosphere that move.

b)

Layer made up of the crust and uppermost mantle

c)

The super continent that existed millions of years ago

d)

Process by which new oceanic crust forms when magma rises up and solidifies at the mid-ocean ridge.

70.

What is subduction?

a)

where one tectonic plate sinks below another

b)

Where two plates slide

c)

Where two plates divide

d)

Where two plates collide

71.

luster

a)

the way a mineral reflects light (how shiny it is)

b)

the color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder

c)

a mineral that contains a combination of silicone, oxygen, and 1 or more metals (90% of Earth's crust)

d)

a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen

72.

streak

a)

the way a mineral reflects light (how shiny it is)

b)

the color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder

c)

a mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and 1 or more metals (90% of Earth's crust)

d)

a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen

73.

silicate mineral

a)

the way a mineral reflects light (how shiny it is)

b)

the color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder

c)

a mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and 1 or more metals (90% of Earth's crust)

d)

a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen

74.

non-silicate minerals

a)

the way a mineral reflects light (how shiny it is)

b)

the color of a mineral when it is ground to powder

c)

a mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and 1 or more metals (90% of Earth's crust)

d)

a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen

75.

fracture

a)

the splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces

b)

the way a mineral breaks along irregular surfaces

c)

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance (how much matter is in a given amount of space)

d)

minerals that contain radium or uranium

76.

cleavage

a)

the splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces

b)

the way a mineral breaks along irregular surfaces

c)

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance (how much matter is in a given amount of space

d)

minerals that contain radium and uranium

77.

Chemistry of Earth's crust: 46.6%

(a)  

78.

Chemistry of Earth's crust: 27.7%

(a)  

79.

Chemistry of Earth's crust: 8.1%

(a)  

80.

Chemistry of Earth's crust: 5%

(a)  

81.

Chemistry of Earth's crust: 3.6%

(a)  

82.

Chemistry of Earth's crust: 2.8%

(a)  

83.

Chemistry of Earth's crust: 2.6%

(a)  

84.

Chemistry of Earth's crust: 2.1%

(a)  

85.

defining minerals

a)

naturally occuring

b)

inorganic

c)

crystalline

d)

solid at STP

e)

set chemical composition

86.

Hardness

a)

How difficult it is to scratch the surface

b)

How difficult it is to break the mineral

c)

Moes Scale

d)

Mohs Scale

87.

Effervescence

a)
Silence or stillness of a liquid
b)
Bubbling or fizzing caused by the escape of gas from a liquid
c)

Production of CO2

d)
Solid particles suspended in a liquid
88.

Bonding tetrahedral together (never share more than one oxygen atom)

(a)  

89.

no polymerization, isolated tetrehedral: (a)   silicates

90.

bonding together to make a linear chain: (a)   silicates

91.

two chains linked together in the center: _____ ____ silicates

(a)  

92.

sheets, like a sandwich: (a)   silicates

93.
What is the MAIN way rocks are classified?
a)
Their color and shapes
b)
How they form
c)
Mineral bands
d)
Where they form
94.

Lithification definition

a)
The process of turning rocks into sediment
b)
The process of melting rocks to form magma
c)
The process of breaking down solid rock into smaller particles
d)
The process in which sediments are compacted and cemented together to form solid rock
95.

Sedimentary rocks

a)
Accumulation and compression of sediment
b)
Volcanic activity
c)
Chemical weathering
d)
Plate tectonics
96.

metamorphism definition

a)
Process of change in the structure, texture, or composition of rocks
b)
A type of earthquake
c)
The study of meteors
d)
A type of cloud formation
97.

the rock cycle steps

a)
Lava rock formation, earthquake rock formation, and landslide rock formation
b)
Granite rock formation, limestone rock formation, and slate rock formation
c)
Volcanic rock formation, oceanic rock formation, and mountain rock formation
d)
Igneous rock formation, sedimentary rock formation, and metamorphic rock formation
98.

Magma composition

a)

helium

b)

Dissolved gasses

c)

Silica

d)

dirt

99.

50% silica content, forming in the mantle can rise anywhere, over 1100 degrees celcius, dry magma: (a)   magma

100.

Ring of fire, Rare, silica content 60%, 900-1000 degrees celcius, pretty dry: (a)   magma

101.

Silica 70%, 700-800 degrees celcius, shallow, wet magma: (a)   magma

102.

Freezing of magma

(a)  

103.

Crystalization where magma and rock that forms are chemically identical

(a)  

104.

Crystalization with changing the chemistry

(a)  

105.

Frozen magma below ground

(a)  

106.

Pluton cuts vertically through the layers

(a)  

107.

Pluton cuts horizontally through layers

(a)  

108.

pluton pushing up but can't break through the surface; pimple shaped

(a)  

109.

pluton no distinct shape but very large

(a)  

110.

Igneous rocks formed above ground

a)

volcanic

b)

extrusive

c)

plutonic

d)

intrusive

111.

Igneous rocks formed below ground

a)

volcanic

b)

extrusive

c)

plutonic

d)

intrusive

112.

2.5 cm

a)

pegmatite

b)

phaneritic

c)

porphyritic

d)

aphanitic

113.

smaller than a penny, large enough to see

a)

pegmatitic

b)

phaneritic

c)

porphyritic

d)

aphanitic

114.

some are big enough to see, some are not

a)

pagmatitic

b)

phaneritic

c)

porphyitic

d)

aphanitic

115.

predominant grain size is too small to see

a)

pegmatitic

b)

phaneritic

c)

porphyritic

d)

aphanitic

116.
The more silica that magma contains...
a)
the thicker the magma
b)
the thinner the magma
c)
the higher the viscosity
d)
the runnier the magma
117.
Shield volcanoes have:
a)
gently sloping sides
b)
a steep cone shape
c)
moderately sized sides
d)
long cracks along plate boundaries
118.
Explosive eruption that hurls ash, gases, cinders, and bombs from the main vent.
a)
Volcano bomb
b)
Geyser
c)
Geothermal energy
d)
Pyroclastic flow
119.
Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a:
a)
caldera
b)
pipe
c)
magma chamber
d)
vent
120.
Magma's resistance to flow, or how thick it is, is called:
a)
silica
b)
viscosity
c)
hot spot
d)
caldera
121.
Felsic (light-colored) magma has a...
a)
Low silica content
b)
High silica content
122.
An opening through which the lava flows is called:
a)
crater
b)
caldera
c)
vent
d)
pipe
123.
This type of volcano has explosive eruptions that result in massive amounts of tephra (ash).
a)
Shield volcano
b)
Composite / Stratovolcano
c)
Cinder cone
d)
Fissure volcano
124.
Magma rises because it is...
a)
more dense than surrounding rock
b)
less dense than surrounding rock
125.
Mafic (dark-colored) magma has a...
a)
high silica content
b)
low silica content
126.
This common type of volcano is made up of alternating layers of ash and lava.
a)
Shield volcano
b)
Composite / Stratovolcano
c)
Cinder cone
d)
Fissure volcano
127.
The volcanoes on the Hawaiian Islands form due to which of the following?
a)
Divergent Boundary
b)
Hot Spot
c)
Subduction Boundary
d)
Transform Boundary
128.

What type of plate boundary is represented in the picture?

a)

Athensphere

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

d)

Convergent

129.

What type of plate boundary is represented in the picture?

a)

Transform

b)

Divergent

c)

Convergent

d)

Lithosphere

130.

Mudslide that moves quicker than lava. Melted ice and snow and small earthquakes cause

(a)  

131.

Explosive eruptions occur if a volcano's magma is

a)

high in viscosity

b)

Mafic

c)

Low in viscosity

d)

Extremely hot

132.

Dark colored igneous rocks are:

a)

intrusive

b)

felsic

c)

mafic

d)

extrusive

133.
What is the correct order of making and dropping off of sediments?
a)
weathering, erosion, deposition 
b)
erosion, weathering, deposition
c)
weathering, deposition , erosion

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