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Review Dual Nature of Light

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A particle of light is called a...

a)

Photoelectron

b)

Photon

c)

Proton

d)

Electron

2.

The only way to increase the number of photoelectrons emitted is by increasing the _________ of the light

a)

Intensity

b)

Wavelength

c)

Frequency

d)

Energy

3.

What color of light has the greatest energy per photon?

a)

Red

b)

Green

c)

Blue

d)

Violet

4.

The energy of photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface can be increased by

a)

using light of higher frequency.

b)

using light of longer wavelength.

c)

using light of higher intensity.

d)

using monochromatic, polarized light.

5.
The photoelectric effect only occurs if the light shining on the metal is:
a)
coherent.
b)
above a minimum intensity.
c)
above a minimum frequency.
d)
above a minimum wavelength.
6.
Does high-frequency or low frequency light cause the ejection of a greater number of electrons from a metal surface?
a)
only high frequency
b)
only low frequency
c)
both of them
d)
doesn't depend to frequency
7.

What is the best description of 'threshold frequency'?

a)

The minimum energy needed for electrons to escape a surface.

b)

The maximum kinetic energy that an emitted electron has.

c)

The minimum frequency of a photon that will cause an electron to be emitted.

d)

The frequency that an emitted electron will have.

8.

Photoelectric effect provides the evidence for the ______ nature of radiation.

a)

dual

b)

wave

c)

particle

d)

electromagnetic

9.

If the brightness of a beam of light increases without changing its color, the ______ will increase.

a)

number of photons

b)

frequency of the light

c)

energy of the photons

d)

wavelength of the photons

10.

Light of a given wavelength is used to illuminate the surface of a metal. However, no photoelectrons are emitted. In order to cause electrons to be ejected, light of __________ should be used.

a)

lower energy

b)

higher intensity

c)

shorter frequency

d)

higher frequency

11.

What is the energy, in eV, of a photon that has a wavelength of 620 nm?

a)

1eV

b)

2eV

c)

3eV

d)

4eV

12.

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its _____ and inversely proportional to its ______.

a)

intensity - speed

b)

wavelength - frequency

c)

frequency - wavelength

d)

intensity - wavelength

13.

Use the graph to find the threshold frequency.

a)

−12×10-19 Hz

b)

0 Hz

c)

2×1015 Hz

d)

4×1015 Hz

14.

A metal with a work function of 3.5 eV is exposed to photons with an energy of 3.7 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons?

a)

0.2 eV

b)

0.9 eV

c)

1.1 eV

d)

7.7 eV

15.

What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5x1014 Hz? (you need to do calculation. You have enough time)

a)

2.5x10-19 J

b)

3.0x10-19 J

c)

3.3x10-19 J

d)

4.5x10-19 J

16.

What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5x1014 Hz? (you need to do calculation. You have enough time) h=6.6x10-34 J/Hz

a)

2.5x10-19 J

b)

3.0x10-19 J

c)

3.3x10-19 J

d)

4.5x10-19 J

17.

Compton effect expt. is carried out with

a)

x ray

b)

gama ray

c)

visible light

d)

heat waves

18.

Compton scattering establishes

a)

photonic nature of electromagnetic wave

b)

wave nature of electromagnetic wave

c)

both wave and particle nature of electro magnetic

d)

electron is a matter

19.

Elements of low atomic mass are preferred in Compton effect

a)

low atomic mass elements are easily available

b)

with low atomic mass coulombic attaraction is less and greater probability of making electron free

c)

with low atomic mass coulombic attaraction is high and greater probability of making electron free

d)

with low atomic mass coulombic attaraction is less and lesser probability of making electron free

20.

In Compton effect we use X-ray because

a)

it is easy to produce

b)

it has very small wave length

c)

x-ray photon has very high energy

d)

it is a X-ray diffraction experiment

21.

The ratio of de Broglie wave length of a moving proton and moving electron is

a)

2:1

b)

1:2

c)

1:1

d)

3:1

22.

Estimate de Broglie wave length of a photon moving with energy 100 eV and a electron moving under the electric field of 100 V.

a)

photon 120 Angstorm and electron 1.21 Angstrom

b)

photon 1.20 Angstorm and electron 121 Angstrom

c)

photon 120 Angstorm and electron 121 Angstrom

d)

photon 1.20 Angstorm and electron 1.21 Angstrom

23.

Compton wave length is

a)

hm0C\frac{h}{m0C}

b)

hmc\frac{h}{mc}

c)

hλC\frac{h}{\lambda C}

d)

(1−Cosα)\left(1-Cos\alpha\right)

24.

Compton Shift given by Δλ=λc(1−Cosα)\Delta\lambda=\lambda c\left(1-Cos\alpha\right)  becomes maximum at

a)

scattering angle equal to 90 degree

b)

scattering angle equal to 0 degree

c)

scattering angle equal to 180 degree

d)

scattering angle equal to 360 degree

25.

Wave particle duality means

a)

a wave can show wave behavior

b)

a particle can show particle behavior

c)

a wave can some times show the property of particle

d)

a wave can some times show the property of wave and matter both

26.

Which one of the following is most suitable for Compton effect

a)

Heat waves

b)

X-ray

c)

gama ray

d)

visible light

27.

We do not use heavy atoms in Compton effect study because

a)

in heavy atom electron-nuclear coulombic attraction is very strong

b)

in heavy atom electron-nuclear coulombic attraction is very weak

c)

in heavy atom electron-electron coulombic attraction is very strong

d)

in heavy atom electron-visible light interaction is very weak

28.

Name experiments where light is wave like and where particle like

4 lines
29.

An electron and a proton have same de Broglie wave length then relation between energy of electron and proton is. Use the relation λ=hmv  and E=12 mv2\lambda=\frac{h}{mv}\ \ and\ E=\frac{1}{2\ }mv2  

a)

Electron energy > Proton energy

b)

Electron energy < Proton energy

c)

Electron energy = Proton energy

d)

both energies are infinite

30.

de Borglie hypothesis states

a)

any matter can show wave nature

b)

any matter sometimes becomes wave

c)

any matter can sometime show the property of wave

d)

only electron can sometime show the property of wave

31.

What do you read here

4 lines
32.
a)

in picture wave group is formed by superposition of first two waves

b)

in picture wave group is formed by superposition amplitude of first two waves

c)

in picture wave group is formed by superposition of phase of first two waves

d)

in picture wave group is formed by superposition particle displacement of first two waves

33.
a)

Group velocity is the velocity of maximum amplitude

b)

Group velocity is the velocity of any amplitude

c)

Group velocity is the velocity of maximum displacement

d)

Group velocity is the velocity of constant phase

34.
a)

phase velocity is the velocity of wave of constant phase

b)

phase velocity is the velocity of wave of constant amplitude

c)

phase velocity is the velocity of wave of maxm phase

d)

phase velocity is the velocity of wave of maxm amplitude

35.

Group and Phase velocity are expressed as

a)

vp=ωk and vg=dωdkvp=\frac{\omega}{k}\ and\ vg=\frac{d\omega}{dk}

b)

vp=dωdk, vg=ωkvp=\frac{d\omega}{dk},\ vg=\frac{\omega}{k}

c)

vp=c  and vg=cvp=c\ \ and\ vg=c

d)

vp=vgvp=vg

36.

product of phase velocity vp and group velocity vg i.e v vp⋅vg=vp\cdot vg=  

a)

c

b)

c2

c)

c3

d)

1

37.

Which phenomenon can be explained by the wave nature of light but not by its particle nature?

a)

  • Photoelectric Effect

b)

  • Compton Scattering

c)

  • Interference

d)

  • Photoelectric Emission

38.

Which scientist proposed the concept of matter waves, suggesting that particles such as electrons exhibit both particle and wave characteristics?

a)

Max Planck

b)

  • Albert Einstein

c)

  • Louis de Broglie

d)

  • Werner Heisenberg

39.

Which experiment provided evidence for the wave-like nature of electrons?

a)

Photoelectric Effect

b)

  • Davisson-Germer Experiment

c)

  • Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

d)

  • Compton Scattering

40.

The wavelength of electrons used in electron microscopes is much shorter than that of visible light. What does this result in?

a)

  • Lower resolution

b)

  • Higher resolution

c)

  • Reduced magnification

d)

  • Inverted images

41.

What is the purpose of the objective lens in a Transmission Electron Microscope

a)

  • To focus the electron beam

b)

  • To magnify the image

c)

  • To control specimen illumination

d)

  • To scan the specimen surface

42.

What is the purpose of the vacuum environment in an electron microscope?

a)

  • To increase electron wavelength

b)

  • To reduce air resistance

c)

  • to increase electron scattering.

d)

to reduce electron scattering.

43.

What is the primary factor influencing the energy of X-rays produced in a continuous X-ray spectrum?

a)

  • Atomic number of the target material

b)

  • Current in the X-ray tube

c)

  • Voltage applied to the X-ray tube

d)

  • Temperature of the X-ray tube

44.

In characteristic X-ray spectra, the energy of emitted X-rays is determined by:

a)

  • Voltage applied to the X-ray tube

b)

  • Atomic number of the target material

c)

  • Current in the X-ray tube

d)

  • Temperature of the X-ray tube

45.

What happens to the intensity of characteristic X-rays as the atomic number of the target material increases?

a)

  • Increases

b)

  • Decreases

c)

  • Remains constant

d)

  • increases and then decreases

46.

In the production of characteristic X-rays, what is the role of the incident X-ray photon?

a)

It knocks out an inner-shell electron.

b)

  • It scatters off an outer-shell electron.

c)

  • It interacts with a proton in the nucleus.

d)

  • It annihilates an electron-positron pair.

47.

Bremsstrahlung radiation is radiation producing interaction between ______ _______ and the ______ of an atom.

a)

Q-Shell Electrons; L-Shell Electrons

b)

Projectile Electrons; nucleus

c)

Projectile Electrons; atom

d)

L-Shell Electrons; Q-Shell Electrons

48.

Characteristic Radiation is when a Projectile Electron ionizes an atom by removing an inner shell Electron AND an outershell electron fills that vacancy and emits energy in the form of an _______________.

a)

X-Ray Photon

b)

Bremms Radiation

c)

Electromagnets

d)

Energy

49.

Characteristic Radiation is when a Projectile Electron ionizes an atom by __________ an innershell Electron AND an outershell electron fills that vacancy and emits energy in the form of an X-Ray Photon.

a)

Removing

b)

Destroying

c)

Ionizing

d)

Passing

50.

X-ray tubes produce __% heat.

a)

98%

b)

99%

c)

100%

d)

85%

51.

Projectile Electron ionizes an atom and removes a K-Shell electron AND an outer shell electron fills that vacancy and emits energy in the form of X-Ray Photon describes what?

a)

Bremsstralung Radiation

b)

Characteristic Radiation

c)

Compton Scatter

d)

Anode Heel Effect

52.

_______ charged electron passes close to the nucleus and ______ charged nucleus slows the electron and changes its course leaving electron with reduced kinetic energy.

a)

Positively; Negatively

b)

Negatively; Positively

c)

Negatively; Negatively

d)

Positively; Positively

53.

With regards to x-ray tube, electron cloud is release by the

a)

focusing cup

b)

filament

c)

tungsten target

d)

tube envelope

54.

X-ray production should met the following condition, which are:

a)

Source of electron

b)

low voltage

c)

vacuum

d)

appropriate target

55.

Tungsten is a material of choice for anode target due to its low heat dissipation capability

a)

True

b)

False

56.

In this X-ray spectrum, the area label as A is contributed by x-ray photons produced during ____________ interaction

a)

bremstrahlung

b)

characteristic

c)

photoelectric

d)

compton scatter

57.

Electrons move in a set path, and can only have certain energy levels

a)

Neils Bohr

b)

Louis DeBroglie

c)

Werner Heisenberg

58.

Only the wave theory of light offers an explanation for the ability of light to exhibit...

a)

diffraction.

b)

reflection.

c)

photo luminescence

d)

illumination.

59.

Experiments on which of the following suggested the wave nature of electrons?

a)

the photoelectric effect

b)

electron diffraction by a crystalline material

c)

β− decay

60.

De Broglie equation

a)

relates the momentum of a mass to its wavelength

b)

relates the energy of a mass to its wavelength

c)

relates the frequency of a mass to its wavelength

d)

relates the work function of a mass to its wavelength

61.

If waves can behave like particles, then particles can behave like a wave. This is the idea behind...

a)

Quantization of Energy

b)

Photoelectric Effect

c)

Compton Effect

d)

deBroglie Waves

62.

An electron cloud

a)

represents a 50% probability of finding an electron

b)

has uniform density

c)

can be called an orbital

d)

can only show where the electron is not located

SHOW ANSWER

63.

Particles whose motions are better described by quantum mechanics can only gain or lose energy in discrete units called

a)

Protons

b)

Quanta

c)

Electrons

64.

The de Broglie wave equation showed that the wavelength of any moving object is equal to

a)

m/hν

b)

h/mv

c)

v/mh

d)

hm/v

65.

Determined that electron paths cannot be predicted and exist inside the Electron Cloud.

a)

John Dalton

b)

Ernest Rutherford

c)

Schrodinger & Heisenberg

d)

Bohr

66.

Believed that electrons travelled around the nucleus in definite paths.

a)

Niels Bohr

b)

Ernest Rutherford

c)

Modern Atomic Theory

67.

The only way to increase the number of photoelectrons emitted is by increasing the _________ of the light

a)

Intensity

b)

Wavelength

c)

Frequency

d)

Energy

68.

A particle of light is called a...

a)

Photoelectron

b)

Photon

c)

Proton

d)

Electron

69.

What color of light has the greatest energy per photon?

a)

Red

b)

Green

c)

Blue

d)

Violet

70.
This image is an illustration of
a)
photoelectric effect
b)
Dalton's atomic theory
c)
Bohr model
d)
Quantum mechanical model
71.
The photoelectric effect only occurs if the light shining on the metal is:
a)
coherent.
b)
above a minimum intensity.
c)
above a minimum frequency.
d)
above a minimum wavelength.
72.
Which statement about the photoelectric effect is correct?
a)
Electrons are emitted instantaneously.
b)
Electrons are not emitted below a certain wavelength.
c)
You can change the energy of the electrons by changing the intensity.
d)
Electron energy is independent of frequency.
73.
The cut-off wavelength for the photoelectric effect of platinum is 220 nm. Find the work function of platinum in eV
a)
11.25 eV
b)
9 eV
c)
4.5 eV
d)
5.65 eV
74.

In photoelectric effect, electrons should be removed from the

a)

inner shells

b)

surface

c)

from core

d)

nucleus

75.

What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5x1014 Hz? (you need to do calculation. You have enough time)

a)

2.5x10-19 J

b)

3.0x10-19 J

c)

3.3x10-19 J

d)

4.5x10-19 J

76.

What is the best description of 'threshold frequency'?

a)

The minimum energy needed for electrons to escape a surface.

b)

The maximum kinetic energy that an emitted electron has.

c)

The minimum frequency of a photon that will cause an electron to be emitted.

d)

The frequency that an emitted electron will have.

77.

According to the de Broglie hypothesis, which of the following statements is applicable to the

wavelength of a moving particle?

a)

directly proportional to its energy

b)

directly proportional to its momentum

c)

inversely proportional to its energy

d)

inversely proportional to its momentum

78.

According to de Broglie, as the momentum of a moving particle is tripled, the corresponding

wavelength changes by what factor?

a)

1/9

b)

1/3

c)

3

d)

9

79.

Starting from rest, an electron accelerates through a potential difference of 40 V. What is its de Broglie

wavelength? (h = 6.63*10-34 J×s, me = 9.11*10-31kg, and 1 eV = 1.60 * 10-19J)

a)

1.1*10-10 m

b)

1.5*10-10 m

c)

1.9 * 10-10 m

d)

2.3*10-10 m

80.

If an electron has a measured wavelength of 0.850 * 10-10m, what is its kinetic energy?

(h= 6.63 *10-34 J×s, 1 eV = 1.6 *10-19J, and me = 9.11 * 10-31 kg

a)

55.0 eV

b)

104 eV

c)

147 eV

d)

209 eV

81.

An electron microscope operates with electrons of kinetic energy 50.0 keV. What is the wavelength of

these electrons? Assume this speed is not relativistic.

a)

9.28* 10-10 m

b.

b)

7.14*10-11 m

c)

5.49´ 10-12 m

d)

2.75* 10-13 m

82.

That light has a dual nature is referring to light:

a)

having high- or low-energy photons.

b)

acting as waves and particles.

c)

having energy and momentum

d)

undergoing pair production.

83.

· All moving particles have a "matter wave" with a wavelength associated with them" This hypothesis has a name. Which?

a)

Davisson and Germer hypothesis

b)

De Broglie hypothesis

c)

Schrödinger hypothesis

d)

Bainbridge hypothesis

84.

The relation between photocurrent and intensity of light is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

NONE

85.

In nuclear reactors, neutrons travel with

energies of 5 × 10-21 J. Find their wavelength in A0

a)

1.62

b)

16.2

c)

0.162

d)

162

86.

de-Broglie associated with an electron accelerated through a potential difference V is λ. What will be its wavelength when the accelerating potential is increased to 4V?

a)

λ

b)

λ/2

c)

2λ

d)

12.27 λ

87.

electron volt is a unit of

a)

potential

b)

momentum

c)

energy

d)

charge

88.

The theory, on the basis of Photoelectric effect can be explained

a)

corpuscular theory

b)

electromagnetic theory

c)

wave theory

d)

quantum theory

89.

Which experimental setup helped De broglie to prove the hypothesis?

a)

Bose-Einstein experiment

b)

Davisson–Germer experiment

c)

Plank-Maxwell experiment

d)

Bohr-Rutherford experiment

90.

Observation : Bright blue light liberates photoelectrons from

the surface of lithium but red light from the

same intensity does not give off any electrons

at all.

Explanation : Photons of blue light carry more energy than

photons of red light because the frequency of

blue light is higher than the frequency of red

light

DOES THE EXPLANATION EXPLAIN THE OBSERVATION?

a)

YES

b)

NO

91.

Observation : Bright blue light liberates photoelectrons from

the surface of lithium but red light from the

same intensity does not give off any electrons

at all.

Explanation : The intensity of red light is not sufficient to

liberate photoelectrons

DOES THE EXPLANATION EXPLAIN THE OBSERVATION?

a)

YES

b)

NO

92.

Compare the angle of incidence from angle of reflection in a regular reflection.

a)

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

b)

The angle of incidence is less than the angle of reflection.

c)

The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection.

d)

The angle of incidence is never equal to the angle of reflection.

93.

Velocity of a body of mass m, having de Broglie wavelength λ, is given by

a)

v=λh/m

b)

v=λm/h

c)

v=λ/hm

d)

v=h/λm

94.

Moving with the same velocity, which of the following has the longest de broglie wavelength?

a)

β particle

b)

α- particle

c)

proton

d)

neutron

95.

Which of these (having same kinetic energy) has the largest de broglie wavelength?

a)

Electron

b)

Alpha particle

c)

Proton

d)

Neutron

96.

If the kinetic energy of the particle is increased to 16times its previous value, the percentage change in the de Broglie wavelength of the particle is

a)

25

b)

75

c)

60

d)

50

97.

When a narrow accelerated beam of α particles is allowed to fall on a thin gold foil, most of the α particles pass straight through the foil or suffer only small deflections, This is because

a)

α particles are positively charged

b)

α particles are much massive than electrons

c)

most of the space within the atom is empty

d)

α particles move with high velocity

98.

An elementary particle of mass m and charge +e is projected with velocity v at a much more massive particle of charge Ze, where Z>0. What is the closest posssible approach of the incident particle?

a)

Ze2/2πε0mv2

b)

Ze2/8πε0mv2

c)

Ze2/2πrε0mv2

d)

Ze2/2πε0v2

99.

If an α particle collides haed on with a nucleus , what is impact parameter

a)

Zero

b)

infinite

c)

10-10m

d)

1010m

100.

An alpha nucleus of energy 1/2mv2 bombards a heavy target of charge Ze . Then , the distance of closest approachfor the alpha particle will be proportional to

a)

v2

b)

1/m

c)

1/v4

d)

1/Ze

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